晚期卵巢癌歇性缩瘤术的临床意义

１９８７年５月至１９９３年５月，我们共收治２４例首次未达最佳缩瘤（残瘤〉２ｃｍ）要示诉晚期上皮性卵巢癌患者，其中１４例给予化疗２～３疗程后进行了间歇性２次缩瘤术，均达最佳缩瘤之要求，术后残余瘤直径≤２ｃｍ平均生存时间２２．５６月，未行２次缩瘤术的１０例病人接受联合化疗，平均生存时间为１３．４０月，两者比较差异有显著性（Ｐ〈０．０５）。认为化疗次数是影响预后的因素（Ｐ〈０．０１），而病理类型，病理发     

经皮球囊扩张术治疗二尖瓣狭窄的临床研究

用经皮二尖瓣狭窄球囊扩张术（ＰＢＭＶ）治疗风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄１０５例，手术前后二尖瓣口面积分别为０．９２±０．１８ｃｍ２和１．８６±０．２０ｃｍ２（Ｐ＜０．００１），左心房平均压力分别为２．５８±０．８２ｋＰａ和１．３４±０．６４ｋＰａ（Ｐ＜０．００１），左心房内径分别为４．６±０．４ｃｍ和４．４±０．３ｃｍ（Ｐ＜０．０５），心脏功能明显改善，平均每例好转１．３３级。术中术后无死亡和动脉栓塞病例，出现严重二尖瓣关闭不全、心包填塞、一过性低血压各１例，５例发生短暂性心动过缓，总成功率为９７％。     

小切口与传统切口胆囊切除术的比较

作者自１９９３年３月至１９９４年６月共采用５ｃｍ小切口胆囊切除术（ＭＣ）３０例。与同期施行的６３例传统切口胆囊切除术（ＣＣ）比较，切口平均长度ＭＣ组５．５ｃｍ，ＣＣ组１１．５ｃｍ（Ｐ〈０．０１）；术后平均排气时间ＭＣ组为３０ｈ，ＣＣ组为５４ｈ（Ｐ〈０．０１）；术后平均住院天数ＭＣ组为８天，ＣＣ组为１２天（Ｐ〈０．０５）。术中出血量和手术时间两组比较无意义（Ｐ〉０．０５）。提示ＭＣ手术较ＣＣ手术腹壁     

经皮球囊二尖瓣分离术治疗二尖瓣狭窄

经皮球囊导管二尖瓣分离术（ＰＢＭＣ）治疗风湿性二尖瓣狭窄１０例，其中男３例，女７例，平均年龄３８．５岁（２４～６３岁），均用单球囊法，９例成功（９０％）。术后血液动力学及二维超声心动图均有明显改善，平均左房压由２．４１１±０．８０７ｋＰａ降到０．７１５±０．２９６ｋＰａ（Ｐ＜０．００１）．左房内径降到３７±３．１３ｍｍ（Ｐ＜０．０２），二尖瓣口面积由１．３±０．３５ｃｍ２增大到２．１６±０．３９ｃｍ２（Ｐ＜０．０２），无１例死亡。本文讨论了ＰＢＭＣ近期及远期治疗效果、手术操作及主要并发症。     

经皮穿刺二尖瓣球囊成形术135例临床应用

目的研究总结１３５例经皮穿刺二尖瓣球囊成形术（ＰＢＭＶ）的成功率、效果及并发症。方法采用改良Ｉｎｏｕｅ单球囊技术对１３５例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄（ＭＳ）患者行ＰＢＭＶ。结果术后血液动力学显著改善,左心房平均压（ＭＬＡＰ）从２３．５±６．２降至１０．７±５．１ｍｍＨｇ（Ｐ＜０．００１）,跨二尖瓣压力阶差（ＭＶＰＧ）从１９．４±６．８降至３．８±２．９ｍｍＨｇ（Ｐ＜０．００１）,二尖瓣口面积（ＭＶＡ）从１．０３±０．３２ｃｍ２扩大到２．１４±０．２８ｃｍ２（Ｐ＜０．００１）,左心房内径（ＬＡＤ）从４７．７±６．８ｍｍ缩小至４０．２±６．５ｍｍ（Ｐ＜０．０１）;有１例手术未成功,无１例发生严重并发症。结论表明只要术前准备充分,术中仔细操作,ＰＢＭＶ已成为治疗风湿性ＭＳ安全有效的方法。     

经皮穿刺球囊二尖瓣成形术25例分析

采用Ｉｎｏｕｅ球囊导管对２５例二尖瓣狭窄病人行经皮穿刺球囊成形术，术后左房平均压自３．０７±０．９５ｋＰａ降为１．２７±０．５７ｋＰａ（Ｐ＜０．００１），肺动脉压自５．７４±２．２１ｋＰａ降为３．８３±１．８５ｋＰａ（Ｐ＜０．００１），二尖瓣口面积自１．１７±０．３３ｃｍ２增至２．２５±０．４１ｃｍ２（Ｐ＜０．００１），左房内经自４３．３０±５．１０ｍｍ减小为３７．１０±５．９１ｍｍ。     

球囊直径递增法在球囊瓣膜成形术中预防二尖瓣返流的临床研究

经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术（ＰＢＭＶ）５０例，均采用球囊直径递增法，成功率１００％，术后左房平均压由（２．７２±０．７３）ｋＰａ降至（１．４±０．３８）ｋＰａ，（Ｐ＜０．０１）；跨瓣压差由（２．４６±０．９７）ｋＰａ降至（０．８７±０．２５）ｋＰａ，（Ｐ＜０．０１）；左房内径由（４２．９±５．４６）ｍｍ，降至（３７．８２±５．５４）ｍｍ（Ｐ＜０．０１）；二尖瓣口面积由（１．４２±０．３４）ｃｍ２增至（１．９８±０．３０）ｃｍ２，（Ｐ＜０．０１）。二尖瓣返流系影响ＰＢＭＶ效果的重要因素，术前经充分的准备和病例选择，术中采用球囊直径递增法可避免二尖瓣返流的发生，提高ＰＢＭＶ的疗效。     

肺鳞癌间质内肥大细胞计数的意义

①目的探讨间质内的肥大细胞与肺鳞癌生物学行为的关系。②方法采用甲苯胺蓝染色检测８９例经手术切除的肺鳞癌标本间质内每１０个高倍视野的肥大细胞数。③结果Ⅰ，Ⅱ级鳞癌中肥大细胞数明显多于Ⅲ级（ｔ＝２．９４，２．７４，Ｐ均＜０．０１），肿瘤直径＞５ｃｍ组的肥大细胞数明显少于３～５ｃｍ组和＜３ｃｍ组（ｔ＝３．１３，２．４２，Ｐ＜０．０１，０．０５），０．５年内死亡组肥大细胞数明显少于５年以上生存组和０．５～５．０年内死亡组（ｔ＝３．６８，２．７５，Ｐ＜０．０１），肥大细胞计数在有无淋巴结转移两组病人间差异无显著性（ｔ＝１．８５，Ｐ＞０．０５）。④结论肥大细胞与肺鳞癌细胞的分化、生长和病人预后有关，且具有一定的抗肿瘤作用。     

经皮穿刺球囊二尖瓣成形术(附20例临床观察)

经皮穿刺球囊二尖瓣成形术（ＰＢＭＶ）２０例，结果显示，左房平均压明显降低，术前２７７Ｋｐａ±０８１Ｋｐａ，术后１９９Ｋｐａ±０．６６Ｋｐａ，Ｐ＜００５；二尖瓣口面积明显增大，术前１３５ｃｍ２±０．１９ｃｍ２，术后２１５ｃｍ２±０．１５ｃｍ２，Ｐ＜００１，心功能明显改善，临床疗效显著。     

平阳霉素治疗头颈部血管瘤99例

我院自１９９６年３月～１９９９年１２月,使用国产平阳霉素治疗头颈部血管瘤９例,效果满意,报告如下： １临床资料 １．１一般资料：本组９例,男４例,女５例,年龄７～３５岁,平均４６．７岁。唇部２例,舌部２例,面部３例,腭部 ２例,瘤体 ０．８ｃｍ × ０．５ｃｍ × ０．２ｃｍ～ ２．０ｃｍ ×１．２ｃｍ ×１．０ｃｍ,均未接受过治疗,术前查血常规、出凝血时间、肝功正常,胸透（－）。 １．２治疗方法：取国产平阳霉素８ｍｇ,用生理盐水２～４ｍｌ稀释,进针部位消毒后刺入瘤体抽吸回血后注射,注药多少可根据病变位置,…     

新辅助化疗治疗晚期卵巢癌的临床疗效评价

  目的：对新辅助化疗治疗Ⅲ~Ⅳ期晚期卵巢癌的疗效进行评价。方法：回顾性分析204例晚期卵巢癌患者的诊治情况。2003年之前收治的99例Ⅲ~Ⅳ期卵巢癌患者为A组,行一期手术治疗。2003年之后收治的105例Ⅲ~Ⅳ期卵巢癌患者为B组,其中有39例在进行1~3疗程新辅助化疗的基础上行肿瘤细胞减灭术,为B1组,另66例行一期手术治疗,为B2组。入组患者术后均行6~8疗程卡铂、环磷酰胺联合干扰素的化疗。结果：B1组患者围手术期一般状况优于B2组（P0.05）。B组患者三年生存率高于A组（P0.05）。结论：对Ⅲ~Ⅳ期的晚期卵巢癌患者而言,有选择性的应用新辅助化疗可以提高其手术满意率、围手术期一般状况以及三年生存率。满意的肿瘤细胞减灭术即残留病灶<2cm可以提高晚期卵巢癌患者的生存率。     

Advances in treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer

Since most cases of epithelial ovarian cancer are advanced at diagnosis, this disease is one of the most lethal malignancies of the female genital tract. In recent years, aggressive cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy have been employed in an attempt to improve the survival rate in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Introduction of platinum anticancer drugs increased survival rate, and several randomized studies have been tried to establish the better combination of anticancer drugs. As a result, the combination of paclitaxel and carboplatin was considered as standard regimen for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Since International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) accepted a postoperative staging system in 1988, staging laparotomy needs hysterectomy, bilateral adnexectomy, omentectomy, and pelvic and para-aorta lymphadenectomy. However, the influence of lymphadenectomy on survival still remains controversial. Complete resection of the tumor is often difficult since the disease has spread to the abdominal cavity. In such cases, interval debulking surgery is performed after chemotherapy to remove tumors completely. The effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval debulking surgery still remains unclear. This review will describe the advances in surgical procedures and chemotherapy in treatment of ovarian cancer patients.     

孕激素联合化疗治疗卵巢上皮性癌

目的 分析孕激素联合以铂类为主的常规化疗对卵巢上皮性癌1～4期患者的临床疗效。方法 以已行瘤体减灭术的卵巢上皮性癌患者1～4期为研究对象，分为单纯化疗组、己酸孕酮组和普维拉组。随访、统计各组各期患者的生存率及复发率、血清激素水平、骨密度变化以及化疗副反应。结果 孕激素联合以铂类为主的化疗对早期卵巢上皮性癌的预后无明显影响，但对晚期(3期)卵巢上皮性癌的术后近期以及远期(2～5年)生存率及复发率均有改善趋势。单纯化疗组、己酸孕酮组、普维拉组3期患者术后3年生存率分别为34．8％、66．2％、73．9％，复发率分别为72．2％、47．3％、40．6％；单纯化疗组、己酸孕酮组术后5年生存率分别为17．4％、48．4％，复发率分别为81．5％、62．4％。孕激素的使用不影响患者血清激素水平，也不增加化疗的毒、副作用。联合孕激素治疗的患者术后骨密度下降较一般绝经后妇女慢。结论 孕激素联合以铂类为主的常规化疗可改善晚期卵巢上皮性癌的预后，并且不增加化疗的毒副作用，可改善患者的骨量丢失。     

Evaluation of second cytoreductive surgery in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of second cytoreductive surgery in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. METHODS: From January 1989 to June 1994, second cytoreductive surgery was carried out on 33 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer who either underwent unsatisfactory primary debulking operation or had recurrence. According to FIGO staging (1987), there were 5 patients in stage I, 2 in stage II, 25 in stage III, and 1 in stage IV. Pathological grading was G1 in 2 cases, G2 in 9, G3 in 19 and uncertain in 3. The 33 patients can be divided into 3 categories: I, nine patients who had unsatisfactory primary debulking operation with macroscopic residual > 2 cm, and 1-2 courses of postoperative chemotherapy; II, 15 patients who had 6-8 courses of cisplatin-based postoperative chemotherapy and in whom recurrence was diagnosed after complete response for at least 3 months; and III, 9 patients who had the same treatment as category II and survived without cancer clinically for more than 6 months, and in whom recurrence was diagnosed during second-look laparotomy. All patients had been followed up for at least two years (27-168 months) dated from the primary debulking operation. RESULTS: Fifteen cases had no macroscopic residuals (group A), 5 had residuals < 2 cm (group B), and 13 had residuals > 2 cm (group C). The medium survival time and two-year survival rate in groups A, B and C were 59.09, 20.6 and 8.29 months, and 93.3%, 20% and 7.69% respectively (P < 0.001, A vs C; P < 0.05, A vs B and B vs C). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that second cytoreductive surgery is of value, and the key to success is to eliminate any macroscopic residual focus, or at most, to leave only minimal residuals < 2 cm. It is suggested that well-targeted multiple-route chemotherapy with sufficient courses before second cytoreductive surgery is important to achieving better results.     

晚期卵巢癌新辅助化疗研究进展

目前卵巢癌的标准治疗方案是以手术为主,辅以术后化疗,实现满意肿瘤细胞减灭术是手术的目的。但患者出现明显症状时,疾病大多已处于晚期,多数患者无法实行满意肿瘤细胞减灭术。新辅助化疗结合间隔手术作为晚期卵巢癌患者的替代治疗方案具有较好的应用前景。文章就晚期卵巢癌新辅助化疗的研究进展作一综述。     

Therapeutic strategy in the management of stage Ⅱ-Ⅳ epithelial ovarian carcinoma

Objective To investigate the optimal time of debulking in stage Ⅱ to stage Ⅳ epithelial ovarian carcinoma, considering corresponding advantages of both surgery and chemotherapy. Methods From January 1989 to December 1996, ninety-five stage Ⅱ to stage Ⅳ ovarian cancer patients were treated under two different regimens. Group A-76 cases (2 cases in Ⅱ(a)stage, 4 cases in Ⅱ(b)stage, 6 cases in Ⅱ(c)stage, 58 cases in Ⅲ(c)stage and 7 cases in Ⅳ stage) was managed according to a traditional surgery-chemotherapy regimen; and group B-19 cases (17 cases in Ⅲ(c) stage and 2 cases in Ⅳ stage) was managed with a chemotherapy-surgery-chemotherapy regimen.Results The optimal debulking rate (no macroscopic residual or residual &lt;2 cm) in group A was significantly lower than in group B, being 32.9% (25/76) and 68.4% (13/19), respectively (P&lt;0.001). The average survival time of those with a residual focus &gt;2 cm was shorter than those with a residual focus &lt;2 cm, in both groups. Sixteen out of the 51 patients with a residual focus &gt;2 cm had a second debulking operation, among whom 7 had preoperative chemotherapy. All of these 7 patients had either no residuals or residual &lt;2 !cm. In 9 cases without preoperative chemotherapy, the residuals were all &gt;2 cm. The average survival time among these two groups were significantly different (P&lt;0.01). Conclusion (1) For those patients in whom optimal debulking was clinically assessed to be possible, timely operation is mandatory. (2) For those inoperable advanced cases, chemo-therapy-surgery-chemotherapy regimen is recommended. (3) For those with residuals &gt;2 cm and were assessed to be difficult to eradicate during second-look operation, multi-route chemotherapy (intro-arterial, intraperitoneal, and systematic) should be given before going on the second debulking operation. Positive attitude and proper regimen would offer better results. (4) A multicenter prospective study would give more decisive conclusion.     

Neoadjuvant intraarterial chemotherapy and embolization in treatment of advanced ovarian epithelial carcinoma

Background The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and embolization via the anterior branches of the bilateral internal iliac arteries in treating patients with advanced ovarian epithelial carcinoma.Methods Forty-two patients with advanced ovarian epithelial carcinoma (study group) were treated via the anterior branches of the bilateral internal iliac arteries after cytoreductive surgery and 7 courses of adjuvant platinum-based combination chemotherapy. Primary cytoreductive surgery was performed in 43 patients with advanced ovarian epithelial carcinoma (control group), and then followed by 8 courses of adjuvant platinum-based combination chemotherapy. The rate of optimal cytoreductive surgery, survival rate, blood loss during operation and operative time were investigated in the two groups. Statistical significance was asessed using Student’s t test, the Chi-squre test and the log-rank test. Results In the study group, the rate of optimum debulking after platinum-based chemotherapy and embolization via the anterior branches of the bilateral internal iliac arteries was 71.43%(30/42) (χ2=10.06, P&lt;0.005), and 9 (21.43%) of the 42 patients showed no gross residual disease after surgery. Blood loss and operative time were significantly decreased in the study group as compared with those in the control group (665.24±37.61 ml: 849.31±41.20 ml, t1=33.21, P1&lt;0.001; 4.23±0.21 hours: 6.15±0.38 hours, t2=28.92, P2&lt;0.01). In the study group,the mean survival time and the median overall survival were 33.66 months (95% CI, 24.73 to 42.58) and 26.00 months (95% CI, 19.22 to 32.78), respectively. The median disease-free interval was 18.20 months. In the control group, the mean survival time and the median overall survival were 32.38 months (95% CI, 24.92 to 39.84) and 25.00 months (95% CI, 22.80 to 27.20), respectively. The median disease-free interval was 14.20 months.The overall survival rates were not significantly different between the two groups (χ2=6.48,P&gt;0.05).Conclusions Neoadjuvant platinum-based combination chemotherapy and embolization via the anterior branches of the bilateral internal iliac arteries is an alternative treatment for patients with advanced ovarian epithelial carcinoma, in whom the chance of optimal cytoreductive surgery is low. The treatment can reduce blood loss, decrease operative time, and increase the rate of optimal cytoreductive surgery; but the median survival can’t be improved significantly.     

Primary sarcoma of the ovary: clinicopathological characteristics, prognostic factors and evaluation of therapy

Background  The primary ovarian sarcoma is a very rare malignancy. The objective of this study was to further investigate the clinicopathologic features and outcome in patients with primary sarcoma of the ovary.

Methods  Between 1988 and 2007, 24 patients with primary ovarian sarcoma who underwent treatment at Peking Union Medical Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. Response to treatment, progression and overall survival were analyzed.

Results  Patients with ovarian sarcoma had a mean age of (54.3±10.3) years, and 16 of them were postmenopausal. The most common symptom was abdominal pain, present in 14 patients. Of the 24 patients, 16 patients were pathologically diagnosed as carcinosarcoma (known as malignant mixed mesodermal tumor (MMMT)), 2 as ovarian leiomyosarcoma (LS) and 6 patients as ovarian endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS). The patients in optimal debulking group had a median survival period of 28 months and 1-year survival rate of 71%. The patients in suboptimal debulking group had a significantly lower median survival of 6 months (P=0.02) and 1-year survival rate of 29%. Among the patients, 23 patients received chemotherapy and most of regimens were based on platinum, 3 patients received chemoradiation. The mean number of courses of combined chemotherapy was 6.6±5.0, and the response was unsatisfactory. The median survival for the entire group was 18.7 months. The one-year survival rate was 58%, and two-year survival rate only 29%.

Conclusions  Ovarian primary sarcoma has a poor overall prognosis. Optimal debulking surgery appears to be of prognostic significance. There is a clear need for further study to explore the role and the regimen of platinum-based chemotherapy in primary ovarian sarcoma.

     

晚期卵巢癌化疗与减瘤术联合应用

总结１９８９～１９９２年经化疗与肿瘤细胞缩减术（简称减瘤术）治疗２６例Ⅲ、Ⅳ卵巢癌患者的临床资料．结果显示对晚期卵巢癌病人酌情给予术前化疗有利于提高减瘤术的成功率，术后辅助多疗程联合化疗可延长生存期，改善预后．本文对手术与化疗的配合，术前化疗的选择和减瘤术的适应症及残余瘤与生存关系进行了探讨．     

Ⅲ期卵巢上皮性癌肿瘤细胞减灭术及化疗对预后的影响

目的：评价肿瘤细胞减灭术及化学治疗对Ⅲ期卵巢上皮性癌生存的影响。方法：回顾性分析1999年1月-2005年4月收治的手术病理分期为Ⅲ期的卵巢上皮性癌30例,对其进行肿瘤细胞减灭术及PC方案化疗。结果：30例患者平均年龄52（42—62）岁,其中27例（90％）为浆液性乳头状囊腺癌,3例（10％）为粘液性囊腺癌,所有患者均接受了肿瘤细胞减灭术,其中27例（90％）为理想的肿瘤细胞减灭术,3例（10）为不理想的肿瘤细胞减灭术,其中理想的肿瘤细胞减灭术的平均生存时间30个月,而不理想者仅为18个月,术后化学治疗达到6个疗程者平均生存时间为29个月,而不足6个疗程者仅为12个月。结论：理想的肿瘤细胞减灭术及术后积极的化疗可以改善Ⅲ期卵巢上皮性癌的预后。