氧驱博利康尼联合爱全乐雾化对重症哮喘的疗效

目的评价氧驱博利康尼联合爱全乐雾化治疗对重症哮喘的疗效。方法重度持续哮喘患者40例随机分为两组,治疗组20例氧驱雾化吸人博利康尼联合爱全乐＋基础治疗,对照组仅予以基础治疗。观察两组的疗效及激素用量、应用天数。结果气急缓解时间：治疗组（2．45±1．20）d,对照组（3．96±1．24）d（P〈0．01）;哮鸣音消失时间：治疗组（3．26±1．40）d,对照组（4．78±1．52）d（JD〈O．01）;总甲强龙平均用量：治疗组（135±87．7）mg,对照组（253．5±87．65）mg（JD〈0．05）;甲强龙应用天数：治疗组（3．05±2．06）d,对照组（5．9±2．87）d（P〈0．01）,两组比较有显著性差异。结论氧驱博利康尼联合爱全乐雾化对重症哮喘的治疗起效快．疗效好．激素应用时间缩短用量减少。     

微创颅内血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血临床效果探讨

目的：探讨微创颅内血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血临床效果。方法选取我院2012年2月至2014年2月收治的68例高血压脑出血患者为研究对象,随机将其分为两组,对照组患者行传统开颅血肿清除术,实验组患者给予微创颅内血肿清除术治疗,对两组手术情况、治疗效果及并发症情况进行比较。结果实验组基本治愈10例（29.41％）,显效17例（50％）,有效4例（11.76％）,总有效率91.18％;对照组基本治愈4例（11.76％）,显效13例（38.24％）,有效6例（17.65％）,总有效率67.65％,实验组治疗总有效率明显高于对照组,P〈0.05。另外两组手术时间、术中出血量比较差异有统计学意义,P〈0.05。结论相比传统开颅清除术,微创颅内血肿清除术具有手术时间短、创伤小、术后并发症少、疗效明确等特点,值得在高血压脑出血治疗中进一步应用。     

颅内血肿微创清除加早期康复治疗高血压脑出血

该文研究微创颅内血肿清除术加早期康复治疗对高血压脑出血治疗的优越性及对临床预后的影响。方法：抽取高血压脑出血（幕上）出血量〉30mL患者120例分成两组，60例采用微创颅内血肿清除加早期康复治疗（治疗组），其中男42例，女18例，年龄48～85（61．0±7．9）岁，治疗组行CT扫描时在血肿量最大层面血肿侧距头皮最近处标记好穿刺点，避开重要血管及功能区，选择适当长度一次性使用颅内血肿穿刺针直接穿颅进血肿中心，抽吸血量20％～40％后，     

醒脑静大黄粉配合颅内血肿清除术治疗高血压性脑出血大血肿

目的观察醒脑静大黄粉配合颅内血肿清除术治疗高血压性脑出血大血肿的临床疗效。方法将88例出血量≥30mL的高血压性脑出血病人随机分为治疗组（48例）和对照组（40例），两组均在常规治疗基础上采用YL-1型颅内血肿粉碎针进行早期颅内血肿微创清除术，治疗组加用醒脑静20mL静脉输注，大黄粉每次1g，每天3次1：2服或鼻饲，并加上脑出血方治疗。结果治疗组的总有效率（81.3％）和显效率（66．7％）与对照组（67．5％、35.0％）比较均有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。治疗组的日常生活能力（ADL）Ⅰ级＋Ⅱ级为23例。显著优于对照组的13例（P〈0．05）；治疗组平均催醒时间（36．4h）与对照组（58．8h）比较有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论中西医结合治疗高血压性脑出血大血肿可显著提高总有效率和日常生活能力,缩短了昏迷时间,减少了再出血率。     

超早期血肿微创清除术治疗高血压脑出血疗效观察

目的观察超早期血肿微创清除术治疗高血压脑出血的疗效。方法将102例原发性高血压脑出血患者分为微创组和对照组,分别于超早期行颅内血肿微创清除术和大骨瓣开颅血肿清除术。术前及术后7 d采用Barthel指数（BI）神经功能缺损评分（NIHSS）评价疗效。结果微创组基本治愈19例,明显好转18例,好转12例,无变化2例,死亡4例,总有效率为89.09%;对照组分别为5、8、12、11、11例及53.19%。两组总有效率比较,P〈0.05。与对照组相比,微创组术后NIHSS显著降低（P〈0.05）,BI显著升高（P〈0.05）。结论超早期血肿微创清除术可有效改善高血压脑出血患者的日常生活能力和神经功能。     

血肿微创穿刺术联合开颅血肿清除术治疗脑出血伴脑疝的临床效果

目的观察血肿微创穿刺术联合开颅血肿清除术治疗脑出血伴脑疝的临床效果。方法选取2013年7月—2016年2月咸阳市第一人民医院收治的脑出血伴脑疝患者80例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。对照组患者行开颅血肿清除术,观察组患者行血肿微创穿刺术联合开颅血肿清除术。比较两组患者临床效果、并发症发生情况、预后、术前及术后6个月生活质量(QOL)评分。结果观察组患者临床效果优于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者并发症发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者预后良好率高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者术后6个月QOL评分高于对照组(P0.05)。结论血肿微创穿刺术联合开颅血肿清除术治疗脑出血伴脑疝的临床效果确切,可有效改善患者预后及生活质量,且安全性较高。     

小骨窗开颅血肿清除术和血肿钻孔置管引流术治疗HICH临床效果比较

目的 比较小骨窗开颅血肿清除术和血肿钻孔置管引流术治疗高血压脑出血（HICH）的临床效果.方法 将同期收治的78例HICH患者随机分为观察组和对照组各39例,分别行小骨窗开颅血肿清除术和血肿钻孔置管引流术,观察两组病死率、血肿清除情况和日常生活能力（ADL）恢复情况.结果 观察组死亡1例（2.6%）、对照组死亡2例（5.1%）,P〉0.05;观察组血肿清除率≥80%者36例（36/39）、〈80%者2例（2/39）,对照组分别为28例（28/39）、〈80%者2例（9/39）,两组比较P〈0.05;观察组ADL恢复情况略差于对照组.结论 小骨窗开颅血肿清除术与血肿钻孔置管引流术治疗HICH各有优势,前者可获得较佳的血肿清除率,后者 ADL恢复较好.     

颅内血肿微创清除术联合神经节苷脂治疗脑出血临床观察

目的探讨颅内血肿微创清除术联合神经节苷脂治疗脑出血的临床疗效。方法将78例脑出血患者随机分为对照组、微创组、联合组（微创＋神经节苷脂）,比较各组临床疗效及神经功能缺损评分变化。结果联合组、微创组、对照组的总有效率分别为73.08%、61.54%、46.15%,病死率分别为19.23%、13.07%、42.31%,联合组、微创组总有效率均明显高于对照组（P均〈0.01）,联合组总有效率高于微创组（P〈0.05）。与对照组比较,联合组、微创组不同时间的神经功能缺损评分均明显降低（P〈0.05或〈0.01）;第21天,联合组、微创组神经功能缺损评分有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。结论颅内血肿微创清除术联合神经节苷脂治疗脑出血安全、有效。     

微创颅内血肿清除术与小骨窗颅内血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效比较

目的比较微创颅内血肿清除术与小骨窗颅内血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效。方法选择1999年10月～2001年12月我科收治的高血压脑出血患者（基底核或脑叶出血量为30—60ml）60例。分为微创颅内血肿清除术组（甲组）与小骨窗颅内血肿清除术组（乙组），每组各30例，均在CT定位下行血肿清除术。分别于治疗前、治疗后4周进行疗效对比。结果两组患者疗效间差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）；两组患者治疗前、后神经功能缺损评分间差异均有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论微创颅内血肿清除术与小骨窗颅内血肿清除术均是治疗高血压脑出血的有效治疗手段。前者疗效尤佳。     

血浆置换对重型肝炎患者血清生长激素-胰岛素样生长因子轴的影响

目的了解重型肝炎患者血清生长激素-胰岛素样生长因子轴（GH—IGF）在血浆置换（PE）前后的变化和意义。方法治疗组46例重型肝炎患者均给予内科综合治疗及PE治疗，PE治疗前后分别测定血清GH、IGF-2及肝生化指标。正常对照组同时检测GH、IGF-2。结果重型肝炎组与正常组比较，血清GH水平明显升高[（3．99±2．87）ug／L对（1．53±0．89）ug／L，P〈0．01]，IGF-2水平明显降低[（0．32±0．13）ug／L对（0．44±0．14）ug／L，P〈0．01]。重型肝炎存活组与死亡组比较，GH升高差异无统计学意义，而IGF-2明显高于死亡组。PE治疗有效率为82．6％，肝功能及PTA好转（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），GH变化差异无统计学意义[（3．99±2．87）ug／L对（3．53±2．32）ug／L，P〉0．053，IGF-2明显升高[（0．32±0．13）ug／L对（0．41±0．14）ug／L，P〈0．01]，GH与IGF-2呈负相关（r=-0．35，P〈0．01）。结论重型肝炎患者GH—IGF轴发生显著改变，PE是治疗重型肝炎的方法之一，对GH—IGF轴具有调节作用。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。