K562冻融抗原负载的树突状细胞诱导抗慢性粒细胞白血病的免疫效应

目的研究K562冻融抗原负载的健康供者来源的树突状细胞(DC)诱导细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)体外杀伤慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)细胞的毒性效应。方法利用健康供者外周血单个核细胞诱导分化为DC,采用反复冻融法从K562中提取的可溶性相关抗原负载DC;流式细胞学检测负载抗原前后DC表面分子表达的变化;ELISA法检测DC上清中IL-12和IFNγ的含量;混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)测定DC体外刺激T细胞增殖的能力;乳酸脱氢酶法检测K562冻融抗原负载DC诱导的抗原特异性CTL对CML细胞的杀伤作用。结果与未经抗原负载的DC相比,经K562抗原负载的DC表面分子表达明显上调,CD1a(27·40±5·00)%、(15·40±2·34)%,CD80(61·35±5·35)%、(42·00±2·77)%,CD83(93·30±3·48)%、(25·15±4·02)%,CD86(85·25±4·39)%、(37·25±3·20)%,CD40(89·80±7·18)%、(35·95±4·06)%,HLA-DR(49·50±5·45)%、(17·15±3·61)%,DC分泌IL-12和诱导T细胞分泌IFNγ的能力增加(P<0·05),具有很强的刺激T细胞增殖能力,且刺激强度在24h最强,48h降低,冻融抗原负载DC后激活的CTL在体外对K562的杀伤率为77·35%,显著高于未经抗原负载的DC(P=0·001)。结论经K562细胞冻融抗原负载DC激活的CTL在体外具有更强的增殖能力和杀伤CML细胞的作用。     

体外负载冻融抗原的脐血树突状细胞诱导的抗肝癌效应

目的评价体外应用肝癌细胞冻融抗原负载的脐血树突状细胞（DC）所诱导的抗肝癌效应。方法采集健康足月剖宫产孕妇胎盘端脐血,分离脐血单个核细胞（CBMNC）及T淋巴细胞,用GM-CSF、IL-4及TNF-α联合诱导CBMNC分化为DC,观察形态学变化并以流式细胞术鉴定,选培养的第3天以肝癌细胞冻融抗原负载的CBMNC-DC,以负载抗原的DC刺激自体淋巴细胞活化为自体细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）,并用CTL对肝癌细胞进行杀伤,MTT法测定活化的自体淋巴细胞的相对数量和CTL对肝癌细胞的杀伤率。结果体外负载肿瘤冻融抗原的脐血DC可诱导显著的自体效应淋巴细胞增殖及抗肝癌效应。结论体外负载抗原的脐血DC可诱导显著的抗肝癌效应,是具有临床应用前景的肝癌疫苗。     

致敏DC诱导CTL特异性杀伤HL-60细胞的实验研究

目的 :探讨来自外周血单个核细胞的树突状细胞 (DC)负载冻融或弱酸洗脱的HL 6 0多肽抗原 ,体外诱导产生细胞毒性T淋巴细胞 (CTL)对HL 6 0细胞的杀伤作用。方法 :应用GM CSF、TNF α和IL 4自外周血单个核细胞诱导出DC ,使其负载两种HL 6 0多肽抗原 ,致敏同种T淋巴细胞 ,产生CTL。以胃癌细胞系SGC790 1为对照组 ,观察DC∶CTL∶HL 6 0 /SGC 790 1为 1∶10 0∶2 ,CTL对HL 6 0特异性免疫杀伤活性。结果 :弱酸洗涤法或冻融法所提取的抗原多肽致敏DC诱导的CTL对HL 6 0细胞的杀伤率分别为 6 8.2 9%± 11.37%和4 5 .95 %± 8.4 7% ,二者差异有极显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1)。对SGC 790 1细胞的杀伤率分别为 2 4 .6 0 %± 4 .4 0 %和 16 .0 9%± 4 .98% ,二者差异有极显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :相对于冻融HL 6 0细胞抗原多肽 ,DC可更有效地提呈酸洗HL 6 0抗原多肽 ,并通过特异性CTL产生对HL 6 0细胞高效而特异的杀伤作用     

脐血DC与CIK共培养对白血病K562细胞杀伤活性的影响

目的观察细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞（CIK）与同源树突状细胞（DC）共培养后DC—CIK细胞的增殖活性、表型的变化及其对白血病K562细胞杀伤活性的影响。方法采集健康产妇分娩正常足月胎儿脐血50ml,密度梯度离心法分离出脐血单个核细胞培养。收集非贴壁细胞用于诱导培养CIK,贴壁细胞诱导分化出成熟DC;将成熟DC和CIK按1：5的比例混合培养3d,用MTT法检测Dc—CIK共培养细胞对白血病K562细胞杀伤活性。结果DC与CIK共培养后,DC—CIK细胞群的增殖活性和杀伤活性明显高于单纯CIK。结论DC—CIK共培养可明显提高CIK增殖活性和细胞毒作用。     

树突状细胞负载甲胎蛋白、细胞毒性T细胞表位肽后的免疫应答

目的 用负载hAFP 218-226位LLNQHACAV九肽的树突状细胞（dendritic cells,DC)诱导自身淋巴细胞，使之活化为肝细胞癌（HCC）特异性细胞毒性T细胞（cytotoxic T lymphocyte,CTL)，并特异性杀伤HCC细胞。方法 在体外用GM-CSF和IL-4诱导HLA-A2^ 健康志愿者外周血单核细胞，使其分化为高纯度DC。用负载hAFP 218-226位LLNQHACAV九肽的DC诱导自身淋巴细胞，使之成为HCC特异性CTL。结果 诱导的DC分泌较高水平的IL-12（17.6-21.5pg/ml)，其中以第7天为最高（21.5pg/ml)，经DC和DC负载AFP表位肽后活化的淋巴细胞培养上清液中TNF水平均比在IL-2条件下培养的未活化淋巴细胞高。L929细胞死亡百分率分别为80.65和11.6%；经DC和DC负载AFP表位肽后活化的淋巴细胞培养上清液中IL-12水平分别为20.5pg/ml和46.9pg/ml，经DC活化后淋巴细胞增殖指数大于3。活化后的淋巴细胞不但特异性杀伤HLA-A2^ 的HCC细胞HepG2和负载AFP表位肽的T2细胞，而且还不同程度杀伤HLA-A3^ HCC细胞Alexander和其它表型HCC细胞，对NK细胞敏感的靶细胞慢性髓原白血病细胞K562也有较强的杀伤作用。结论 负载hAFPHLA-A2限制性CTL九肽的DC对表达AFP HCC的研究和治疗有潜在应用价值。     

不同肝癌细胞抗原致敏树突状细胞体外诱导CTL活性的研究

目的比较不同方法提取的肝癌细胞(SMMC-7721)抗原致敏树突状细胞(Dendritic cell DC)后,对特异性细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)的诱导作用。方法分离脐带血单个核细胞,加入重组粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)和白细胞介素4(IL-4)诱导扩增出脐血DC;SMMC-7721细胞经反复冻融,直接超声破碎及热休克处理后再超声破碎细胞三种方法提取肿瘤抗原,然后分别致敏DC,以MTT法检测脐血DC诱导T细胞增殖及其特异性CTL杀伤活性。结果热休克处理后再超声破碎法提取的抗原致敏DC,能诱导更强的刺激T细胞增殖的能力,并且可以诱导更强的CTL活性。结论加热处理后再超声破碎细胞提取的肿瘤抗原致敏DC,在体外可诱导强大的抗肿瘤免疫保护效应。     

两种不同抗原致敏方式负载DC疫苗对Lovo细胞的体外杀伤作用

目的比较重组痘苗病毒负载人癌胚抗原（CEA）基因转染方式与Lovo细胞裂解物诱导方式对产生DC疫苗的影响。方法分别采用重组痘苗病毒负载CEA基因转染方式及Lovo肿瘤细胞裂解物转染方式转染未成熟DC,诱导特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）。体外培养CTL并检测其活性;MTT法检测两组CTL对kovo细胞的杀伤作用。结果两种方式致敏DC均可诱导激活CTL并分泌INF-γ,而重组痘苗病毒转染Dc组CTL诱导率高于细胞裂解物组;重组痘苗病毒转染组诱导的CTL对Lovo细胞的特异性杀伤活性显著高于细胞裂解物组。结论两种不同抗原致敏方式负载DC疫苗均能够诱导高效而特异的CTL杀瘤活性,而使用重组痘苗病毒转染CEA至DCs的方式明显优于肿瘤细胞裂解物的抗原负载方式,为DC疫苗用于结肠癌的免疫治疗奠定基础。     

外体负载特异性抗原促进小鼠抗肿瘤效应的研究

目的:验证人树突状细胞(DC)分泌的外体(exosomes,EXO)负载NY-ESO-1抗原促进转基因小鼠特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(cytotoxic T lymphocyte,CTL)扩增及增强肿瘤杀伤效应。方法:应用人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen,HLA)-A2阳性健康成人的外周血分离诱导外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cells,PBMC)来源的成熟DC,利用一系列不同速度的离心结合膜超滤的方法,从其上清中提取成熟DC分泌的EXO。人工负载肿瘤睾丸抗原NY-ESO-1于EXO之上(EXO/Ag),与聚肌胞(PolyI-C)共同免疫健康HLA-A2转基因C57小鼠,并在体系中加入EXO/Ag继续体外培养脾细胞。使用以上方法获得的脾细胞行四聚体实验,并对K562细胞及黑色素瘤细胞(对照组)行杀伤实验。结果:脾细胞中NY-ESO-1特异的CTL有所扩增,对K562肿瘤细胞有一定杀伤效应。体外实验显示NY-ESO-1特异的CTL较前大量扩增,对K562肿瘤细胞杀伤效应大大增加。结论:EXO/Ag结合PolyI-C作为新一代抗肿瘤疫苗具有良好的应用前景。     

化疗药物诱导的肺癌死亡细胞致敏树突状细胞的抗肿瘤免疫研究

目的探讨化疗药物诱导的肺癌死亡细胞致敏树突状细胞（DC）的免疫应答及对肺癌细胞的免疫杀伤效果。方法用粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM—CSF）和白介素4（IL-4）从胎儿脐血中分化、诱导DC。用足叶乙甙与顺铂在体外诱导培养的人肺癌系A549细胞死亡。DC与死亡的肿瘤细胞培育后，对DC表型变化及抗肿瘤效果进行检测。结果负载死亡的A549细胞之后并不能促使未成熟DC（iDC）分化为成熟DC（mDC），而在TNF—α的作用下能够成为mDC。死亡的A549细胞负载后的mDC由其所激发和扩增的T细胞细胞数以及对肺癌细胞的杀伤效果显著。结论化疗药物诱导的肺癌死亡细胞在体外能有效地致敏DC产生抗肿瘤免疫反应。     

负载胰腺癌抗原的树突状细胞疫苗诱导T淋巴细胞抗肿瘤效应的研究

培养树突状细胞(DC),反复冻融法裂解培养的负载胰腺癌细胞(PC-3),提取细胞抗原,致敏DC,获得负载胰腺癌抗原的DC疫苗后诱导特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)的生成,MTT法检测CTL对不同肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用.发现负载PC-3细胞抗原的DC疫苗能诱导产生肿瘤特异性的CTL,其对PC-3细胞具有明显地杀伤效应,而对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7、人肝癌细胞7721细胞杀伤作用弱.认为负载胰腺癌抗原的DC疫苗能够诱导高效而特异地CTT杀瘤活性,为将来DC疫苗在胰腺癌的免疫治疗中提供了实验依据.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.