长春瑞滨联合卡铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的探讨长春瑞滨联合卡铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效和不良反应。方法76例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者被随机分成两组，治疗组：长春瑞滨25mg／m^2第1、8天，卡铂AUC为5第2天；对照组：长春瑞滨25mg／m^2第1、8天，顺铂100mg／m^2第2天，水化。每3周重复。结果治疗组（NC）39例，CR2例、PR12例，总有效率CR＋PR14例（35．89％）；对照组（NP）37例，CR1例、PR12例，总有效率CR＋PR13例（35．13％），两组有效率差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。长春瑞滨联合卡铂组恶心和呕吐明显减轻，两组差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。TTP治疗组（NC）和对照组（NP）分别是4．9月和5．5月（P=0．75）。结论长春瑞滨联合卡铂与联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效相似，长春瑞滨联合卡铂组恶心和呕吐明显减轻，改善了患者生活质量。     

奈达铂联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌

目的评价奈达铂联合长春瑞滨治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效和不良反应。方法对28例初治晚期非小细胞肺癌行奈达铂联合长春瑞滨化疗，方案：奈达铂80mg／m^2静滴d1。长春瑞滨25mg／m^2静注d1、d8，3～4周为一周期，用药4周期。对照组25例，化疗方案为顺铂加长春瑞滨。结果奈达铂组PR11例，有效率（CR＋PR）为39．2％；对照组CR1例、PR8例，有效率40．0％，两组间差异不明显（P〉0．05）；毒性反应白细胞与血小板减少治疗组与对照组无显著性差别（P〉0．05）；消化道反应奈达铂组明显小于顺铂组（P〈0．05）。结论奈达铂联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效与顺铂相当，消化道毒性小于顺铂。奈达铂联合长春瑞滨化疗是治疗晚期小细胞肺癌较为有效的化疗方案之一。     

放疗联合NP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌近期疗效观察

对21例晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者采用放疗联合NP方案（即长春瑞滨25mg／m^2,第1、8天静脉快速滴注;顺铂30mg／m^2,第2、3、4天静滴）化疗。结果：21例中CR1例,PR9例,NC8例,PD3例,总有效率47．6％。认为放疗联合NP方案治疗NSCLC近期疗效较好。     

奈达铂与长春瑞滨联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的观察奈达铂（NDP）联合长春瑞滨治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的临床疗效及不良反应。方法68例均经病理组织学或细胞学检查证实的非小细胞肺癌，应用奈达铂80～100mg／m^2（第1天）静脉滴注，长春瑞滨40mg（第1、8天）静脉滴注，28天为1个周期，至少2个周期。按照WHO标准进行评价。结果68例患者中，完全缓解（CR）4例，部分缓解（PR）28例，无变化（NC）19例，进展（PD）17例，总有效率（CR＋PR）47．06％（32／68）。奈达铂主要不良反应为骨髓抑制（白细胞下降Ⅲ度和Ⅳ度分别为25．00％和11．76％）和胃肠道反应（Ⅰ、Ⅱ度恶心、呕吐22．06％）。结论奈达铂与顺铂联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌是安全有效的，毒副作用较小，可以耐受。     

DP和NP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌临床比较

38例晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者随机分为两组。DP组18例,静滴国产多西他赛（DOC）40mg／m^2,第1、8天;静滴顺铂（DDP）30mg／m^2,第2～4天;NP组20例,静推长春瑞滨（NVB）25mg／m^2,第1、8天;DDP用法同DP组。28d为1周期,2周期后评价疗效。结果：总有效率（CR＋PR）DP组38．9％,NP组30％,两组比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。两组主要不良反应为胃肠道反应、骨髓抑制、脱发及静脉炎。认为DP与NP方案对晚期NSCLC均有确切疗效,均可作为一线治疗方案应用。     

吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌临床研究

目的观察以吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效和毒副作用。方法35例晚期非小细胞肺癌用吉西他滨（GEM）1000mg／m^2 d1，d8静脉滴注，顺铂（DDP）20mg静脉滴注d1～5或80mg／m^2静脉滴注d1，3周重复，2～3周期后按WHO标准评价疗效。结果35例患者中CR1例，PR16例，NC14例，PD4例。总有效率48．6％主要毒副作用是骨髓抑制和消化道反应。结论吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效是较高的。     

吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效观察

目的探讨吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的安全性和疗效。方法回顾性分析该院经过GP方案（吉西他滨联合顺铂）治疗的68例晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床资料。对68例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者采用吉西他滨1000mg／m2静脉滴注,第1天和第8天,顺铂25mg／m2,静脉滴注,第1—3天,21～28d为一个周期,2个周期后对患者病情进行一次疗效评价。结果68例患者中完全缓解（CR）4例（5．9％）,部分缓解（PR）27例（39．7％）,稳定（SD）33例（48．5％）,进展（PD）4例（5．9％）,总有效率为45．6％（31／68）;鳞癌有效率为46．7％（14／30）,腺癌有效率为52．6％（20／38）。缓解期为（4．6±3．4）个月,1年生存率为44．1％（30／68）。结论吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效好,副作用小,临床上值得推广应用。     

两套化疗方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床对比研究

目的对比研究长春瑞滨（NVB）联合顺铂（DDP）及吉西他滨（GEM）联合DDP两方案在治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效及毒性反应。方法98例晚期非小细胞肺癌随机分成两组,长春瑞滨（NP）组54例,吉西他滨（GP）组44例,比较两方案疗效。结果NP组完全缓解（CR）2例,部分缓解（PR）20例,有效率40．7％。GP组CR2例,PR16例,有效率40．9％。两组间差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。中位生存期（MST）：NP组为8．8个月,GP组为9个月,疾病缓解时间（DRT）分别为3．4个月及3．6个月。毒性反应：GP组WBC下降36例,占67％,其中Ⅲ／Ⅳ度白细胞下降10例,占22％,明显高于NP组,（P〈0．05）;NP组发生静脉炎12例,占22％明显高于GP组,（P〈0．05）。结论长春瑞滨联合顺铂与吉西他滨联合顺铂对晚期非小细胞肺癌近期临床疗效、中位生存期及疾病缓解时间相似,毒性反应较轻。因此,两种方案均可作为晚期非小细胞肺癌的一种安全、有效的化疗方案。     

NP与EP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌临床观察

目的观察国产长春瑞滨（盖诺）联合顺铂（NP）治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效及其毒副反应。方法治疗组（NP组）26例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者应用NP方案化疗。对照组（EP组）27例应用EP方案。结果治疗组：CR1例、PR11例、SD9例、PD5例，总有效率46．2％；对照组：CR0例、PR9例、sD10例、PD8例，总有效率33．3％（P〉0．05）；两组的中位缓解期分别为5个月、3．8个月（P〉0．05）。主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制、胃肠反应及静脉炎，两组的骨髓抑制、胃肠反应发生率相似（P〉0．05），但NP组的静脉炎发生率高于EP组（P〈0．05）。结论盖诺联合顺铂组成的NP方案治疗晚期NSCLC疗效较高，优于传统的EP方案，其毒副反应可以耐受。     

HP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌临床疗效观察

目的研究HP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的临床疗效及毒副作用。方法38例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者应用HCPT 10mg／m^2／d，静脉滴注，第1天至第5天；DDP 20mg／m^2／d，静脉滴注，第1天至第5天；21d为1个周期，连用3个周期。结果38例CR 13．2％（5／38），PR 39．5％（15／38），SD 36．8％（14／38），PD 10．5％（4／38），总有效率52．6％（20／38）。结论 HCPT联合DDP的HP方案治疗晚期NSCLC为较有效方案，毒性低，值得临床推广研究。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.