醒脑静联合奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的 探讨醒脑静联合奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死的疗效。方法 将65例急性脑梗死住院病人随机分为两组，对照组应用醒脑静注射液，治疗组在对照组基础上加用奥扎格雷钠注射液，1个疗程后比较两组临床疗效、神经功能缺损评分和血液流变学的变化。结果 治疗组总有效率为94．3％，明显优于对照组的70．0％（P〈0．05）；治疗后两组神经功能缺损评分、血液流变学各项指标比较有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论 醒脑静联合奥扎格雷钠能提高脑梗死病人的临床治疗效果。     

丹参联合奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的 观察丹参联合奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法 选择临床诊为急性脑梗死病人90例，随机分为丹参联合奥扎格雷钠治疗组（治疗组）与丹参治疗组（对照组），每组45例，疗程均为14d。观察治疗后两组神经功能改善情况及血液生化指标变化情况。结果 治疗组总有效率91．1％，对照组总有效率为80．0％，两组总有效率比较有统计学意义（P〈0．05），治疗组疗效明显优于对照组，且无明显副反应。结论 丹参联合奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死能显著提高脑梗死病人的疗效，且无明显不良反应。     

奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的 观察奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及不良反应.方法 将70例急性脑梗死患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,治疗组采用奥扎格雷钠40mg静脉滴注,2次/d,14d为1个疗程;对照组给予阿司匹林100mg口服,1次/d,连用14d.比较两组的治疗效果及不良反应情况.结果 治疗组总有效率为91.4%,对照组为74.3%,两组疗效比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死效果较好,且无明显不良反应.     

奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死的临床观察

目的 观察奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死的l临床疗效。方法 将60例急性脑梗死患者随机分为2组，观察组30例，给予复方丹参注射液20ml加入0．9％氯化钠注射液250ml，静脉滴注，每日1次，共用2周；口服阿司匹林100mg每日1次。治疗30例，给予奥扎格雷钠160mg加入0．9％氯化钠注射液250ml静脉滴注，每日1次，共用2周，口服阿司匹林100mg，每日1次。结果 治疗2周后进行疗效评定，治疗组治愈8例，显效13例，显效率70．0％；观察组治愈5例，显效9例，显效率46．7％（P〈0．05）。结论 奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死，临床观察安全有效。     

纳洛酮和奥扎格雷钠联合治疗急性脑梗死临床观察

目的探讨纳洛酮联合奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法将68例急性脑梗死患者随机分为两组,对照组应用纳洛酮注射液治疗,治疗组联用纳洛酮注射液和奥扎格雷钠注射液。1个疗程后比较两组临床疗效、神经功能缺损评分和血液流变学的变化。结果治疗组总有效率为94．3％,明显优于对照组的70．0％（P〈0．05）;治疗后治疗组神经功能缺损评分、血液流变学各项指标改善均优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论纳洛酮联合奥扎格雷钠能提高脑梗死患者的临床治疗效果。     

奥扎格雷钠与东菱迪芙联合治疗进展型脑梗死的临床研究

目的临床观察奥扎格雷钠与东菱迪芙联合治疗进展型脑梗死的疗效。方法将108例进展型脑梗死患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各54例，治疗组为奥扎格雷钠联合东菱迪芙治疗，对照组为奥扎格雷钠治疗，两组均辅以常规治疗。结果治疗组总有效率（92．5％）优于对照组（79．6％），P〈0．05，两组均无严重出血倾向。结论奥扎格雷钠与东菱迪芙联合治疗进展型脑梗死的疗效优于对照组。     

奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死31例临床疗效观察

目的 探讨奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死的效果和副作用。方法 将62例急性脑梗死患者随机分为观察组和对照组，各31例，21天为1个疗程，分别进行治疗前后的神经功能缺损评分。结果 观察组总有效率87．1％和对照组70．3％。两组治疗有效率差异有显著性。奥扎格雷钠的副反应轻，未发现严重的肝肾损害。结论 奥扎格雷钠可使红细胞压积降低，并有效改善卒中患者的神经功能缺损。     

奥扎格雷钠与降纤酶联合治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的观察奥扎格雷钠与降纤酶联合治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及安全性。方法选择我院住院的急性脑梗死患者60例，随机分为观察组及对照组，各30例。两组均采用常规治疗（阿司匹林肠溶片、尼莫地平、神经营养剂，大面积脑梗死降颅压治疗）。观察组在此基础上给予奥扎格雷钠160mg／d静脉滴注，连用14d，联合降纤酶10U加入0．9％氯化钠溶液100ml中静脉滴注，1次／d，连用3d；对照组给予舒血宁20ml加入5％葡萄糖溶液250ml中静脉滴注，1次／d，连用14d。治疗前及治疗后2周检测临床神经功能缺损程度评分（NDS）、血浆纤维蛋白原（Fg）、血尿便常规、肝肾功能。结果观察组临床显效率（80％）明显高于对照组（36．7％）（P〈0．01）；观察组治疗后1例出现大便潜血阳性，两组治疗前后均未出现脑出血等严重不良反应。结论奥扎格雷钠与降纤酶联合治疗急性脑梗死安全有效。     

奥扎格雷钠联合丹红注射液治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的观察奥扎格雷钠联合丹红注射液治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法将116例急性脑梗死患者随机分为两组,对照组56例采用丹红注射液治疗14d,治疗组在对照组的基础上加用奥扎格雷钠治疗14d。观察两组神经功能缺损程度（NIHSS）、日常生活能力（BI）变化及临床疗效。结果治疗组神经功能缺损评分为（8．01±4．21）分低于对照组的（10．53±3．78）分（P〈0．01）,治疗组有效率为82．2％高于对照组的91．7％,两组比较具有统计学意义。结论奥扎格雷钠联合丹红注射液为治疗急性脑梗死较安全有效。     

依达拉奉和奥扎格雷钠治疗脑梗死临床观察

目的探讨依达拉奉和奥扎格雷钠静脉滴注治疗脑梗死的疗效。方法在神经科常规治疗的基础上加用依达拉奉和奥扎格雷钠治疗100例脑梗死患者（研究组），并设相应的对照组。结果研究组显效率81．0％，对照组52．0％，两组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论依达拉奉和奥扎格雷钠静脉滴注是脑梗死安全有效的治疗方法。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Angiographic diagnosis of the degree of serosal invasion of carcinoma of the colon

Angiography using Prostaglandin El^® was performed on 38 patients with carcinoma of the colon in order to diagnose the degree of serosal cancer invasion. The findings at angiography were classified into four groups:1) AG-S3, abnormal change (irregularity and/or encasement) up to marginal vessels; 2) AG-S2, abnormality up to vasa recta; 3) AG-S1, abnormality of penetrating branches of vasa recta within the wall of the colon; and 4) AG-S0, no distinct findings of abovementioned vessels. These angiographic findings were compared with both macroscopic and microscopic serosal cancer invasion. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the macroscopic findings in 84.2 percent of cases. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the microscopic findings in 32.4 percent of cases. Macroscopic findings confirm the angiographic diagnosis precisely but the conflict with microscopic findings should not be overlooked. This may be the result of inflammatory change, adhesion, and fibrosis around carcinoma of the colon.