Antibacterial effect of plant extracts against Helicobacter pylori

The aim of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of plant extracts as alternative and[sol ]or as active agents supporting antibiotics for treating Helicobacter pylori infection. The effect of either, ethanolic or aqueous extracts from 17 plant materials were studied against one H. pylori standard strain and 11 clinical isolates using a disc diffusion test and by evaluating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on solid media. An inhibitory activity against H. pylori strains was recorded in a large percentage of tested plants. MIC values of ethanolic extracts were from two to four concentration steps lower than the aqueous ones. In particular, ethanolic extracts of Cuminum cyminum L. and Propolis expressed MIC90 values of 0.075 mg/mL. The results show a significant in vitro effect of plant extracts against H. pylori that could be considered a valuable support in the treatment of the infection and may contribute to the development of new and safe agents for inclusion in anti-H. pylori regimens.     

In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of diallyl sulphides and protocatechuic acid

The in vitro inhibitory effects of diallyl disulphide (DADS), diallyl trisulphide (DAT), roselle calyx extract and protocatechuic acid (PA) on the growth of Helicobacter pylori (15 susceptible, 11 clarithromycin-resistant and 9 metronidazole-resistant strains) were studied. The inhibition zone was determined after each agent had been heated at 25, 60, 100 degrees C for 60 min. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each agent was determined by the tube dilution assay. The results showed that heat treatment did not affect the anti-H. pylori activity of DADS, DAT, roselle calyx extract and PA, and the MIC values of these agents against test H. pylori strains were in the range 8-64 mg/L. The time-kill study assay for DAT and PA at 1x MIC was monitored in Muller Hinton broth supplemented with 10% horse blood or mice stomach homogenate. Both DAT and PA inhibited the growth of all test H. pylori in broth and mice stomach homogenate (p < 0.05); however, the inhibitory effects of these two agents were less in mice stomach homogenate than in broth (p < 0.05). DAT at 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 mg/L and PA at 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48 mg/L were used for urease activity assay. These two agents significantly reduced urease activity of test H. pylori strains (p < 0.05), in which DAT and PA at 1x MIC reduced the urease activity of H. pylori to 70% and 40%, respectively. These agents, based on their lower MIC values and heat tolerance, might be useful in the prevention or therapy of H. pylori.     

In vitro inhibition of Helicobacter pylori growth and adherence to gastric mucosal cells by Pycnogenol

The emergence of antibiotic resistant H. pylori strains has necessitated the identification of alternative additive therapies for the treatment of this infection. The study tested whether a specific pine bark extract (Pycnogenol is effective in inhibiting the growth and adherence of H. pylori in vitro. Inhibition of H. pylori growth by Pycnogenol was tested in liquid medium as well as in an in vitro model by using sessile bacteria attached to AGS cells. Adherence was determined by co-incubation of gastric cells with Pycnogenol and H. pylori in vitro. Pycnogenol inhibited H. pylori growth in suspension with an MIC(50) of 12.5 microg/mL. Growth of H. pylori in infected cells was reduced to 10% of the control value by 125 microg/mL Pycnogenol. Adherence of H. pylori to gastric cells was reduced by 70% after 3 h incubation with 125 microg/mL Pycnogenol. The results show a significant, yet limited inhibition of growth and adherence of H. pylori to gastric cells by Pycnogenol. In vivo studies have to demonstrate the clinical relevance of these findings.     

Gastroprotective effect of aqueous stem bark extract of Ziziphus jujuba L.against HCl/Ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats

OBJECTIVE: To evaluated the gastroprotective effects of standardized aqueous extract of Ziziphus jujuba(Z. jujuba) stem bark against acidified ethanol-induced gastric ulcers as well as anti helicobacter pylori activity of the plant extract in rats.METHODS: Five groups of rats were orally pre-treated with normal saline(0.9%) as ulcer group, 150 mg/kg of ranitidine as positive control group, 100, 200 and 400 mg of standardized extract solution as the experimental groups. Two hours later, acidified ethanol solution was given by gavages in order to induce of gastric ulcer. The antibacterial effect of extract against clinical strains of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) was evaluated through disc diffusion test.RESULTS: The ulcer group exhibited significantly severe mucosal injury as compared with ranitidine or extract group which shows significant protective action against gastric mucosal injury. The extract showed no effect on H. pylori.CONCLUSION: The present study indicates that Z.jujuba stem bark extract had a potential antiulcer activity which might be due to its protective activity, providing a direct, protective effect on the gastric mucosa. Our study showed that anti-H. pylori activity was not among gastroprotective mechanism of Z. jujuba. Further pre-clinical and clinical investigations for evaluating natural active agents and efficacy of this plant are recommended.     

黄连总生物碱对大鼠胃黏膜损伤的保护作用及其机制研究

目的：采用幽门螺旋杆菌脂多糖诱导的胃炎动物模型考察黄连总生物碱(TA)对黏膜炎症反应的作用及可能机制。方法：幽门螺旋杆菌脂多糖(Helicobacter pylori LPS)灌胃,连续4 d 即可引起急性胃炎的黏膜反应症状,分组给予50,100,200 mg·kg^-1TA后,组织学观察病变及用药后的改善情况；一氧化氮合酶检测试剂盒检测TA对组成型(cNOS)和诱导型(NOS-2)一氧化氮合酶的影响；肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)检测试剂盒测定TA对胃黏膜TNF-α生成的影响。结果：H. pylori LPS可显著刺激胃黏膜上皮细胞凋亡,增强黏膜组织NOS-2的表达,并降低cNOS的表达,同时增加血清中TNF-α含量。高、中、低剂量TA可显著降低H. pylori LPS诱导的胃黏膜上皮细胞凋亡发生,同时抑制NOS-2的表达,增强cNOS的表达,并抑制血清中TNF-α的含量。结论：TA对H. pylori LPS引起的大鼠胃部炎症有保护作用,其机制可能是由于TA抑制胃炎时黏膜细胞的凋亡有关,同时TA可通过影响cNOS和NOS-2的表达调节NO的生成,并抑制TNF-α生成,从而减轻胃部炎症反应的发生。     

Biological activity of carotenoids in red paprika, Valencia orange and Golden delicious apple

Carotenoid fractions were extracted from red paprika, Valencia orange peel and the peel of Golden delicious apple. Thus, hypophasic carotenoids of paprika (PM1), orange (PM3) and apple (PM4), and epiphasic extractions of paprika (PM2) and apple (PM5) were obtained by extraction, saponification and partition between MeOH-H(2)O (9:1) (hypophasic) and hexane (epiphasic). A high content of capsanthin was quantified in hypophasic carotenoids (PM1) from red spice paprika, whereas the hypophasic fractions from orange (PM3) and apple (PM4) were mainly composed of violaxanthin, zeaxanthin and lutein. On the other hand, a high content of beta,beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin was found in epiphasic fractions (PM2 and PM5). The extracts were studied for their anti-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), cytotoxic, multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal and radical scavenging activity. Among five PM extracts and beta,betacarotene, PM4 showed potent anti-H. pylori activity (MIC(50) = 36 microg/mL), comparable to metronidazole (MIC(50) = 45 microg/mL). The extracts were inactive against HIV. PM3 and PM4 showed slightly higher cytotoxic activity against three human tumor cell lines (squamous cell carcinoma HSC-2, HSC-3, submandibular gland carcinoma HSG) and human promyelocytic leukemic HL-60 cells than against three normal human oral cells (gingival fibroblast HGF, pulp cell HPC, periodontal ligament fibroblast HPLF), suggesting a tumor-specific cytotoxic activity. PM1, PM3 and PM4 displayed much higher MDR-reversing activity than (+/-)-verapamil. ESR spectroscopy demonstrated that PM1-5 and beta,beta-carotene produced little or no detectable radical under alkaline conditions and did not scavenge the O(2) (-) produced by the hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase reaction. On the other hand, PM1 and PM2 scavenged efficiently 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, whereas singlet oxygen was also quenched efficiently by PM5 and PM2. The data suggest the potential importance of carotenoids as possible anti-H. pylori and MDR reversal agents. The active principles in the carotenoid extract might differ, depending upon the types of fruits and vegetables.     

Biological activity of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) peel extracts

Fractionated extracts of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) peels were studied for cytotoxic activity, multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal activity, anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity and anti-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) activity. The potent cytotoxic activity against human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (HSC-2) and human submandibular gland tumor (HSG) cells was found in the acetone fractions (A4 and A5) with IC(50) ranging from 21 to 59 micro g/mL. However, the cytotoxic activity was not correlated with the radical intensity of the fractions. Three 70% MeOH extract fractions (70M2-4) produced radical and efficiently scavenged the O(2)(-) produced by hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase reaction. All of the fractions tested were not effective for anti-H. pylori and anti-HIV. Fractions H3 and H4 of hexane extract, and M2 and M3 of MeOH extract showed a remarkable MDR reversal activity comparable with that of (+/-)-verapamil (a positive control). These results indicate the therapeutic value of persimmon peel extracts as potential antitumor and MDR-reversing agents.     

Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation in human gastric epithelial AGS cells by Phyllanthus urinaria extracts

AIM OF THE STUDY: Helicobacter pylori is linked to a majority of peptic ulcers and to some types of gastric cancer, and its resistance to antibiotic treatment is now found worldwide. This study is aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial activity of Phyllanthus urinaria Linnea (Euphorbiaceae), chloroform (PUC) and methanol (PUM) extracts, and its eight isolates on H. pylori-infected human gastric epithelial AGS cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The in vitro anti-bacterial activity of P. urinaria chloroform (PUC) and methanol (PUM) extracts, and its eight isolates were determined. Additional experiments were also performed to know the PUC and PUM ability to inhibit the H. pylori adhesion to and invasion of AGS cells, in addition to the effect of PUC on NF-kappaB activity as well as IL-8 synthesis during H. pylori infection of AGS cells. RESULTS: The results revealed that crude extracts PUC and PUM showed potent antimicrobial activity against H. pylori than pure isolates. On the other hand, in vitroH. pylori-infection model revealed that the inhibition of bacterial adhesion and invasion to AGS cells has dramatically reduced by treatment of extract PUC, while PUM has the same moderate effect. Furthermore, H. pylori-induced nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation, and the subsequent release of interleukin (IL)-8 in AGS cells were also inhibited by the extract PUC. CONCLUSIONS: These results open the possibility of considering P. urinaria a chemopreventive agent for peptic ulcer or gastric cancer, but this bioactivity should be confirmed in vivo in the future.     

Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of Aristolochia paucinervis Pomel extracts

The anti-Helicobacter pylori effect of the extracts and the fractions obtained from Aristolochia paucinervis rhizome and leaves were studied against a reference strain of H. pylori by using the agar dilution method. Only the methanol extracts and the hexane fractions of either the rhizome or the leaves exhibited an inhibitory activity at a concentration of < or =128 microg/ml. The leaf hexane fraction APLH demonstrated a higher inhibitory activity (MIC: 4 microg/ml) than the rhizome hexane fraction APRH (MIC: 16 microg/ml), the leaf methanol extract APLM (MIC: 32 microg/ml) and the rhizome methanol extract APRM (MIC: 128 microg/ml). This inhibitory activity was confirmed for the active extracts and fractions against clinical isolates of H. pylori (n = 20) for which MIC50) and MIC90 were determined.     

黄芩和黄芩苷对幽门螺杆菌的体外抗菌活性研究

目的：比较黄芩乙醇提取物与黄芩苷对幽门螺杆菌（H.pylori）的体外抗菌活性。方法：使用热回流提取法从黄芩粗粉中制备黄芩乙醇提取物,并从黄芩粗粉中提取精制黄芩苷。经高效液相色谱（HPLC）鉴定精制黄芩苷的纯度。通过体外药敏试验判断黄芩乙醇提取物和黄芩苷对H.pylori的抗菌活性。结果：从100 g黄芩粗粉中提取精制得黄芩苷5.01 g,经HPLC测定精制黄芩苷得纯度为96.8%。通过液体倍比稀释药敏试验测定黄芩乙醇提取物和黄芩苷对H.pylori的抑菌效果。黄芩苷对10株H.pylori的MIC50为1.04 mg/ml,MIC90为1.30 mg/ml;黄芩乙醇提取物对10株H.pylori的MIC50为2.60 mg/ml,MIC90为3.26 mg/ml。结论：黄芩乙醇提取物与黄芩苷均有较好的体外抗H.pylori活性,黄芩苷对H.pylori的抑菌效果优于黄芩乙醇提取物。     

Antibacterial activity of Chamomilla recutita oil extract against Helicobacter pylori

The antibacterial activity of an oil extract of Chamomilla recutita flowers against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) was evaluated by the agar dilution method using Colombia agar with 10% sheep blood, an inoculum of McFarland 0.5 and incubation in an anaerobic atmosphere at 37 degrees C for 3 days. The oil extract was prepared by olive oil extraction of Chamomilla recutita flowers using rotary pulsation. The MIC(90) (minimal inhibitory concentration) and MIC(50) were 125 mg/mL and 62.5 mg/mL, respectively. It was shown that the Chamomilla recutita oil extract inhibited the production of urease by H. pylori. In addition, it was found that the morphological and fermentative properties of H. pylori were affected by application of the Chamomilla recutita oil extract.     

In vitro susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to isoquinoline alkaloids from Sanguinaria canadensis and Hydrastis canadensis

Methanol extracts of the rhizomes of Sanguinaria canadensis, and the roots and rhizomes of Hydrastis canadensis, two plants used traditionally for the treatment of gastrointestinal ailments, were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity against 15 strains of Helicobacter pylori. The rhizome extracts, as well as a methanol extract of S. canadensis suspension-cell cultures inhibited the growth of H. pylori in vitro, with a MIC50 range of 12.5-50.0 microg/ml. Three isoquinoline alkaloids were identified in the active fraction. Sanguinarine and chelerythrine, two benzophenanthridine alkaloids, inhibited the growth of the bacterium, with an MIC50 of 50.0 and 100.0 microg/ml, respectively. Protopine, a protopine alkaloid, also inhibited the growth of the bacterium, with a MIC50 of 100 microg/ml. The crude methanol extract of H. canadensis rhizomes was very active, with an MIC50 of 12.5 microg/ml. Two isoquinoline alkaloids, berberine and beta-hydrastine, were identified as the active constituents, and having an MIC50 of 12.5 and 100.0 microg/ml, respectively.     

In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of extracts of selected medicinal plants from North West Cameroon

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Helicobacter pylori, a gram negative microaerophilic bacterium is a major etiological agent in duodenal, peptic and gastric ulcers. The growing problem of antibiotic resistance by the organism demands the search for novel compounds from plant based sources. AIM OF STUDY: The present study is aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial activity of some selected medicinal plants on clinical isolates of H. pylori circulating in Cameroon in a bid to identify potential sources of cheap starting materials for the synthesis of new drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gastric biopsy samples were obtained from patients presenting with gastroduodenal complications. H. pylori was isolated from the specimens following standard microbiology procedures. The disk diffusion method was used to determine the susceptibility of 15 isolates to ten methanol plant extracts (Ageratum conyzoides, Scleria striatinux, Lycopodium cernua, Acanthus montanus, Eryngium foetidium, Aulutandria kamerunensis, Tapeinachilus ananassae, Euphorbia hirta, Emilia coccinea and Scleria verrucosa). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for the most active plant extracts were also determined by the agar dilution method. Results were analyzed statistically by the Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: All the plants tested demonstrated antimicrobial activity with zone diameters of inhibition ranging from 0-30mm. Of these, A. conyzoides, S. striatinux and L. cernua showed very potent antibacterial activity on the isolates. The lowest MIC and MBC recorded were 0.032mg/mL and 0.098mg/mL respectively. However, the MIC of the extracts ranged from 0.032-1.0mg/mL for S. striatinux; 0.063-0.5mg/mL for L. cernua and 0.063-1.0mg/mL for A. conyzoides. The MBC of the extracts ranged from 0.098-15.0mg/mL for S. striatinux; 0.098-12.5mg/mL for A. conyzoides, and 0.195-12.5mg/mL for L. cernua. The extracts had a wide spectrum of activity. The three most potent extracts possessed significant (P<0.05) inhibitory activities. CONCLUSION: The plant extracts may contain compounds with therapeutic activity.     

Flavonoids with anti-Helicobacter pylori activity from Cistus laurifolius leaves

Cistus laurifolius flower buds are used traditionally in folk medicine against gastric ailments. In a prior study we showed that the chloroform extract of Cistus laurifolius had a potent anti-ulcer activity. It has been known that there is a causal relationship between peptic ulcer and Helicobacter pylori infection. Then in a previous study, we demonstrated that chloroform extract of Cistus laurifolius possessed a significant anti-Helicobacter pylori activity. We designed this study to isolate and define the active component(s) involved in the anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of the extract through activity-guided fractionation procedures. The chloroform extract was fractionated by using various chromatography techniques, i.e., Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography and six compounds were isolated (1-6). Each of these six compounds' anti-Helicobacter pylori activity was tested in vitro and was measured as minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values by using agar dilution method. The compound 2 had the highest activity against Helicobacter pylori (MIC 3.9 microg/mL). Its chemical structure was elucidated as quercetin 3-methyl ether (isorhamnetin) by various spectroscopic techniques. We believe that the therapeutic effect of Cistus laurifolius in ulcer is at least partially related to its effect on Helicobacter pylori. We hope that the isolated flavonoid having anti-Helicobacter pylori activity ultimately can be utilized as an alternative or additive agent to the current therapy.     

幽门螺杆菌在复发性口腔溃疡发病中的意义

目的　探讨幽门螺杆菌 (H .pylori)在复发性口腔溃疡 (ROU )发病中的意义。方法采用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)检测 60例ROU患者口腔黏膜病损区、正常口腔黏膜和牙菌斑处H .pylori感染情况 ,同时通过胃镜检查其患胃病情况 ,对口腔和胃黏膜H .pylori进行免疫荧光染色和细菌培养鉴定。结果　口腔黏膜病损区、正常口腔黏膜、牙菌斑H .pylori检测阳性率分别为 87% ,73 %和 82 % ;58例有不同类型与程度的胃炎 ,且口腔和胃黏膜H .pylori的形态、生化特性、培养条件和免疫学特性十分相似。结论　ROU患者口腔黏膜、牙菌斑和胃黏膜均为H .py lori的聚集地 ,其发病可能与H .pylori感染有关 ,H .pylori可能为ROU和胃病共同的致病菌     

胃窦黏膜活检病理与幽门螺杆菌感染

目的探讨胃窦黏膜活检病理变化是否具有幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染的预测价值。方法分析347例患者胃窦黏膜活检病理改变与H.pylori的关系。H.pylori感染以快速尿素酶和Giemsa染色确定。并比较慢性胃炎、胃溃疡、十二指肠球部溃疡3组疾病在急性炎症、中～重度浅表炎症、淋巴滤泡增生及肠化4项指标对H.pylori感染的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。结果347例患者有206例H.pylori阳性,阳性率为59.4%。上消化道疾病患者及慢性胃炎患者H.pylori感染者急性炎症、中～重度浅表性炎症、淋巴滤泡发生率显著高于H.pylori阴性者(P<0.01),肠化与萎缩无显著性差异;胃溃疡患者H.pylori感染者中～重度浅表性炎症、淋巴滤泡及肠化明显高于H.pylori阴性者;十二指肠球部溃疡患者H.pylori感染中～重度浅表性炎症明显高于H.pylori阴性者。3组疾病的4项指标阳性预测值(51.6%～100.0%)均优于阴性预测值(23.0%～58.6%);除慢性胃炎组肠化阳性预测值(51.6%)较低外,其余病理改变对H.pylori感染阳性预测值均>80.0%,其中胃溃疡组阳性预测值最高。结论胃窦黏膜活检病理配合其他检测手段对H.pylori感染有一定的诊断价值。     

健脾解毒方对幽门螺杆菌诱发胃癌血管新生的抑制研究

目的:探讨健脾解毒方在幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter priori,H.pylori)长期感染诱发C57BL/6小鼠胃癌过程中对微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD)和血管新生相关基因的调控作用,为其治疗H.priori感染相关胃病提供实验依据.方法:采用H.pylori标准株SS1 ig的...     

3-Farnesyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid is a new anti-Helicobacter pylori compound from Piper multiplinervium

A new prenylated salicylic acid derivative, 3-farnesyl-2-hydroxy benzoic acid (1), was isolated from the leaves of Piper multiplinervium C. DC. (Piperaceae). It showed anti-Helicobacter pylori activity (MIC 37.5 microg/ml) and antimicrobial activity at MICs between 2.5 and 5 microg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. Its structure was elucidated by means of MS, 1H and 13C NMR. The ethnomedical claim of Piper multiplinervium to treat stomach aches by the Kuna Indians of Panama may be justified by anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of its MeOH extract.     

健胃愈疡片对妊娠妇女胃酸相关性胃十二指肠病变症状的治疗作用

目的评价中成药健胃愈疡片对妊娠或不适宜经典抗幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)治疗等特殊人群胃酸相关性胃十二指肠病变的治疗作用。方法入选标准为患有剑突下疼痛、饥饿痛、烧心、反酸、腹胀等基本症状的胃酸相关性胃十二指肠病变患者,以72例孕期4~26周、病程6~20个月的妊娠妇女作为治疗组,采用健胃愈疡片治疗;以64例病程为6~48个月的普通成人患者为对照组,采用奥美拉唑、阿莫西林、甲硝唑和铋剂四联用药治疗,疗程均为2周。结果 2组疗效显著者症状改善情况比较均无显著性差异(P均>0.05),治疗组反酸、腹胀胃肠动力紊乱和功能性消化不良的症状改善率略高于对照组。结论健胃愈疡片治疗胃酸相关性胃十二指肠病变症状有较高的普及推荐使用指数。     

贵州省幽门螺杆菌感染与非甾体类抗炎药、胆汁反流的关系

目的探讨贵州省慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡患者幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染与胆汁反流、非甾体类抗炎药(NSAIDs)服用情况间的关系。方法采用14C-尿素呼气试验将患者分为H.pylori阳性组(72例)及H.pylori阴性组(100例),比较2组内镜下胃黏膜损伤、胆汁反流情况以及NSAIDs服用情况。结果H.pylori阳性组口服NSAIDs者较H.pylori阴性组显著减少(P<0.05);NSAIDs致胃黏膜损伤中以口服传统NSAIDs类药物最为多见(42%);H.pylori感染与胆汁反流无关。结论我省H.pylori感染可能有拮抗NSAIDs相关性胃黏膜损伤的作用。