阿尔茨海默病患者静息态功能磁共振研究

目的：研究AD（Alzheimer’s disease,AD）的静息态功能磁共振影像学表现,揭示其影像学早期变化。方法采用3.0T磁共振扫描仪对17例AD病人及17例对照组（normal cognition, NC）进行静息态功能磁共振检查。对原始数据进行预处理,获取局域一致性（Regional Homogeneity,ReHo）图,将两组结果图进行组内单样本t检验和组间独立样本t检验,得到两组间差异脑区。结果 AD组与对照组相比,右侧小脑后叶、右侧颞下回、左侧楔状叶、右侧丘脑、右侧中央后回、右侧额下回、右侧顶叶、左侧尾状核及左侧额中回ReHo值升高,右侧额中回、右侧内侧颞叶、左侧壳核、右侧额上回、右侧后扣带回、右侧顶下小叶、左侧颞中回、左侧额下回及左侧前扣带回ReHo值减低。结论阿尔茨海默病患者与正常老龄化组相比,在静息状态下存在着局部脑区功能上的异常,揭示其改变对该病的早期诊断有重要意义。     

脑肿瘤患者认知异常的静息态脑功能成像研究

目的探讨脑肿瘤患者认知异常的静息态脑功能成像。方法选择19例脑肿瘤患者为脑肿瘤组,23例健康体检的志愿者为对照组。所有受试者在静息状态下完成血氧水平依赖功能磁共振成像（BOLD-fMRI）检查,采用静息态脑功能成像方法对静息态功能磁共振成像（rs-fMRI）数据进行局部一致性影像（ReHo）、低频振幅影像（ALFF）处理,通过RESTPLUS软件分析脑肿瘤组与对照组ReHo值、ALFF值的差异。结果与对照组比较,脑肿瘤组双侧额下回、双侧颞中回、双侧海马旁回、右侧前扣带回ALFF值均明显升高（均P＜0.01）;中脑、左侧颞中回、双侧颞上回、双侧海马旁回、双侧前扣带回、双侧顶上回、双侧额下回、双侧辅助运动区ReHo值均明显升高（均P＜0.01）。结论脑肿瘤患者在额叶、颞叶、边缘系统及辅助运动区存在着一系列脑部自发神经活动的变化,激活的区域与目前对该脑区认知功能的研究基本符合,且以双侧大脑半球改变为多。     

交替性霍纳氏综合征患者的脑部功能连接变化:附1例报告

目的探讨交替性霍纳氏综合征(AHS)患者脑部度中心性功能连通性变化。方法对1例AHS患者及8名健康受试者进行脑部结构像及静息态脑功能成像扫描。采用度中心性(DC)方法评价AHS患者脑部静息态默认网络结点的中心性度量变化。统计学采用单样本t检验及双样本t检验,采用假阳性率(FDR)校正,P<0.05有统计学意义。结果 AHS患者左眼发病时DC主要为双侧额中回前部及额盖和岛盖,高于全脑均值的脑区主要为双侧枕叶、颞叶及扣带回,低于正常被试的脑区主要位于左侧颞下回、中央后回,右侧颞上回,枕外侧回及双侧旁中央小叶。右眼发病时DC主要为双侧额上回及额中回前部、顶叶、中扣带回及枕内侧回,高于全脑均值的脑区主要位于双侧枕叶、颞叶及扣带回及双侧额叶眶回、直回,低于正常被试的脑区主要位于左侧缘上回、右侧枕外侧回、旁中央小叶及双侧颞上回。结论 AHS患者脑部改变可表现为多个脑区度中心性功能连接减低。     

帕金森病患者静息状态下大脑局部一致性的变化研究

目的探索帕金森病患者在静息状态下大脑局部一致性（ReHo）的改变,比较帕金森病患者与健康对照组之间脑部的异常改变。方法收集16例原发性帕金森病患者和12例健康对照组的功能影像数据,采用ReHo的数据后处理方法进行分析,获取有统计学意义的差异脑区。结果与健康对照组比较,帕金森病组在“关期”状态下ReHo降低的区域主要集中在右侧小脑后叶、左侧小脑后叶、左侧枕叶梭状回、左额叶内侧、左侧颞上回及前扣带回。而ReHo增加的脑区主要集中在右侧顶上小叶、右侧额下回、右侧楔前叶、左侧颞下回、左侧颞中回及左侧楔前叶。结论帕金森病患者静息状态下大脑功能存在广泛异常,多个脑区的ReHo发生改变,这可能与帕金森病患者运动网络及默认网络的改变有关,从而影响了患者的运动及认知功能。     

轻度认知障碍病人情景记忆与脑静息态功能连接关系

目的观察轻度认知障碍(MCI)病人情景记忆(EM)编码、提取与其脑静息态功能连接网络变化的关系。方法 MCI组24例,正常对照(NC)组24例,采用GE 3.0T MRI采集静息态脑血氧水平依赖信号,然后行EM编码、提取测试。EM编码和提取成绩与相应功能连接网络进行相关分析。结果与NC组比较,MCI组与后扣带回连接明显减弱脑区:胼胝体、左侧舌回、左侧额叶亚区、右侧颞中回、右侧颞上回、右侧舌回及左侧颞中回(t=-4.84～-3.73,P<0.05);连接增强脑区:小脑后叶、右侧颞下回、右侧额中回、左侧枕中回、左侧中央前回、左侧颞上回、右侧中央前回(t=3.49～4.72,P<0.05)。MCI组EM编码、提取成绩均明显低于NC组,差异均有显著性(t=4.60、3.53,P<0.05)。MCI组与EM编码呈显著正相关脑区为右侧颞上回(r=0.66,P<0.05);NC组无相关脑区。MCI组与EM提取呈显著正相关的脑区为右侧楔前叶(r=0.71,P<0.05),NC组为左侧眶部额中额下回(r=0.68,P<0.05)。结论 MCI病人双侧颞中回、右侧颞上回、双侧舌回与后扣带回功能连接显著减弱;小脑后叶、左侧颞上回、右侧颞下回、左侧枕中回、双侧中央前回、右侧额中回与PCC的功能连接增强。MCI病人EM编码、提取功能存在明显障碍,其中编码功能障碍与其右侧颞上回功能网络连接减弱密切相关。     

镜像同伦功能连接在轻度认知障碍脑功能检查中的应用

目的：利用静息态功能磁共振成像（rs-fMRI）基于体素的镜像同伦连接（VMHC）及基于种子的功能连接（FC）的方法探讨轻度认知障碍（MCI）患者脑网络异常改变。方法：收集MCI患者29 例纳入MCI组，收集性别、年龄和文化程度匹配的健康对照者29 例纳入HC组。两组受试对象均接受相关精神量表分析及3.0T磁共振扫描。利用VMHC方法分析两组受试对象全脑镜像同伦连接差异，采用独立样本t 检验比较两组VMHC值差异，然后以VMHC差异脑区作为种子分析其与全脑功能连接差异。结果：MCI组双侧颞上回VMHC值较HC组增加（差异体素41个，t =4.264，P ＜0.05），MCI组左侧颞上回与右侧梭状回、左侧额中回、右侧额中回的功能连接较HC组增强（P ＜0.05），右侧颞上回与左侧梭状回、左侧颞中回、右侧额下回、左侧楔叶、左侧枕中回的功能连接增强（P ＜0.05）。结论：MCI患者静息状态下双侧颞上回镜像同伦功能连接增强，提示MCI可能存在感觉语言中枢损害并伴有对侧中枢代偿性功能增强。     

阿尔茨海默病与轻度认知功能障碍患者脑正电子发射计算机断层扫描的对照研究

目的探讨Alzheimer病(AD)与轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)患者的脑葡萄糖代谢特点,以期探讨MCI与AD之间的关系.方法对符合入组标准的13例AD患者、10例MCI患者和10例健康志愿者(HC)进行正电子发射计算机断层扫描(PET)检查测定.结果 (1)健康老人可出现顶叶、颞叶葡萄糖代谢减低,但程度较轻;MCI患者顶叶葡萄糖代谢进一步减低,痴呆组顶叶、颞叶和额叶葡萄糖代谢减低更为明显.(2)AD组的额叶(包括额叶上、中、下回、眶回和直回)、颞叶(包括颞叶上、中、下回);顶叶(包括顶上小叶、缘上回、角回)、边缘系统(包括扣带回前部、岛叶)、基底节(包括丘脑、尾状核、杏仁核)等脑区rCMRglc减退较明显,与MCI组和健康对照组相比,差异具有显著意义(P<0.05～P<0.001).(3)MCI组在额叶、颞叶,顶叶、边缘系统、基底节等脑区rCMRglc均值与正常对照组相比都有所减低,但其差异多数无显著意义(P>0.05);提示MCI上述脑区的功能状态处于正常老人与AD患者之间.只有在左侧尾状核rCMRglc减退较明显,与健康对照组相比,差异有显著意义(P<0.05).结论 AD患者的额叶、颞叶、顶叶、边缘系统、基底节等部位的脑葡萄糖代谢均有减低,提示AD患者脑功能全面减退;而MCI患者葡萄糖代谢水平介于正常老人与AD患者之间,仅有左侧尾状核功能减退最显著,提示左侧尾状核葡萄糖代谢减低对MCI有一定的诊断作用.     

脑震荡后认知功能障碍患者内侧前额叶皮质功能连接变化的fMRI研究

目的 利用静息态功能磁共振成像探讨脑震荡综合征(PCS)患者内侧前额叶皮质功能连接变化及其意义. 方法 PCS患者27例,同期招募27例健康对照者,采集并处理静息态f-MRI数据,分别以左右侧内侧前额叶作为感兴趣区与全脑进行功能连接计算,得出PCS患者内侧前额叶与全脑功能连接有改变的脑区.结果 左侧内侧前额叶与双侧豆状核、左侧脑岛、双侧额下回眶部、右侧颞中回、额上回、额中回、额下回功能连接减弱,与左侧梭状回、左侧颞上回、左侧颞中回及左侧顶上小叶功能连接增强;右侧内侧前额叶与双侧顶下小叶、右侧距状回、左侧中央前回及中央后回功能连接减弱,与左侧海马旁回及右侧颞下回功能连接增强(P<0.05).结论 静息状态下PCS患者内侧前额叶的功能连接存在异常,可能是导致PCS患者认知障碍的原因之一.     

多模态磁共振结合种子点及纤维追踪法评价颞叶癫痫患者默认网络功能和结构的结果分析

目的：运用多模态磁共振结合种子点和纤维追踪方法研究颞叶癫痫患者默认网络的功能及结构特点。方法对41例颞叶癫痫患者（颞叶癫痫组）和31例健康人（对照组）行磁共振扫描,运用基于种子点方法提取与种子点功能相关的脑区,选择功能连接显著差异脑区作感兴趣区。采用基于确定性纤维追踪方法获得两组差异脑区的各向异性分数（ FA）、纤维数量、纤维长度并比较,对差异脑区功能连接强度与其FA、纤维数量、纤维长度相关性进行分析。结果颞叶癫痫组与种子点功能相关的脑区仅分布于左侧枕中回、左侧中央前回、左侧楔前叶、左侧背外侧额上回、左侧缘上回、右侧额中回、右侧颞上回、右侧小脑下脚。对照组与种子点功能相关的脑区分布于左侧眶部额下回、左侧楔前叶、左侧颞中回、左侧小脑下脚、右侧额中回、右侧三角部额下回、右侧海马旁回、右侧角回、右侧颞中回、右侧小脑下脚,两组默认网络显著差异的脑区为双侧内侧额上回,其功能连接强度明显下降（ P＜0．05）。颞叶癫痫组的双侧额上回白质FA、纤维数量明显小于对照组（P＜0．05）,而两组纤维长度比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。颞叶癫痫组默认网络差异脑区功能连接强度与FA、纤维数量、纤维长度无明显相关性（P＞0．05）。结论颞叶癫痫患者存在默认网络功能连接异常,差异脑区纤维连接完整性、纤维数量受损。     

阿尔茨海默病与轻度认知功能障碍病人脑正电子发射计算机断层扫描的对照研究

目的　通过对Alzheimer病 (AD)与轻度认知功能障碍 (MCI)病人的脑葡萄糖代谢的对照研究 ,以期探讨MCI与AD之间的关系。方法　对符合入组标准的 13例AD病人、10例MCI病人和 10名健康志愿者 (HC)进行正电子发射计算机断层扫描 (PET)检查测定。结果　 (1)健康老人可出现顶叶、颞叶葡萄糖代谢减低 ,但程度较轻 ;MCI病人顶叶葡萄糖代谢进一步减低 ,痴呆组顶叶、颞叶和额叶葡萄糖代谢减低更为明显。 (2 )AD组的额叶 (包括额叶上、中、下回 ,眶回和直回 )、颞叶 (包括颞叶上、中、下回 )、顶叶 (包括顶上小叶、缘上回、角回 )、边缘系统 (包括扣带回前部、岛叶 )、基底节 (包括丘脑、尾状核、杏仁核 )等脑区局部脑葡萄糖代谢率 (rCMRglc)减退较明显 ,与MCI组和健康对照组相比 ,差异具有显著意义 (P <0 0 5～P <0 0 0 1)。 (3)MCI组在额叶、颞叶、顶叶、边缘系统、基底节等脑区rCMRglc均值与正常对照组相比都有所减低 ,但其差异多数无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ;提示MCI上述脑区的功能状态处于正常老人与AD病人之间。只有在左侧尾状核rCMRglc减退较明显 ,与正常对照组相比 ,差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　AD病人的额叶、颞叶、顶叶、边缘系统、基底节等部位的脑葡萄糖代谢均有减低 ,提示AD病人脑功能全面减     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.