性激素对人脐动脉环的作用

目的 :探讨性激素单独或联合应用对人脐动脉环张力的影响。方法 :制备人脐动脉环 ,观察 17β -雌二醇 (17β-E2 )、右旋 -孕 - 4烯 3,2 0二酮 (P)、17β -羟雄甾 - 4烯 - 3酮 (T)单独应用 ,17β -E2 与P联合应用 ,17β -E2 、P、T预处理对 5 -HT缩血管作用 ,17β -E2 和P联合预处理对 5 -HT缩血管作用的影响。结果 :与对照组相比 ,17β -雌二醇浓度为 10 -9mol /L、10 -8mol /L、10 -7mol /L、10 -6mol /L时均可舒张由 5 -羟色胺 (10 -6mol /L )预收缩的血管环 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但在 10 -5mol/L时对脐动脉环无明显作用 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;孕激素和雄激素在上述浓度下均无舒张血管作用 (P >0 .0 5 )。当 10 -9mol /L 17β -雌二醇与 10 -5mol/L孕激素联合应用 ,或者 17β -雌二醇浓度为 10 -7mol /L、10 -5mol /L时与孕激素 (10 -9mol/L、10 -7mol/L、10 -5mol /L )分别联合应用时 ,孕激素均抑制 17β -雌二醇的舒张血管环作用 (P <0 .0 5 )。上述 3种性激素无论是单独或联合预处理对 5 -羟色胺 (10 -6mol /L)收缩血管环的作用都无影响。结论 :雌激素能够舒张人脐动脉环 ,但孕激素和雄激素无此作用。雌、孕激素联合应用时 ,孕激素可抑制雌激素的舒张血管作用 ,提示在绝经后妇女雌激素和孕激素替代治疗中应注意     

雌激素对内皮细胞释放一氧化氮的作用

目的：探讨雌激素对血管保护作用的机制,为绝经后妇女应用激素替代治疗提供参考。方法：观察10^-9～10^-5mol/L17β－雌二醇（17β－E2）、睾酮（T）、10^-4及10^-3mol/L同型半胱氨酸（Hcy)单独应用和10^-9～10^-5mol/L17β-E2分别与1010^-9～10^-5mol/L T、10^-9～10^-5mol/L17β－E2分别与10^-4及10^-3mol/LHcy联合应用对原代培养脐静脉内皮细胞释放一氧化氮（NO）的影响。结果：10^-9mol/L17β－E2刺激内皮细胞8－48h,NO释放明显增多;10^-9mol/LT刺激内皮细胞2－48h,NO无明显增多。10^-9～10^-7mol/LT刺激内皮细胞24h,培养液中NO水平无明显改变,10^-6及10^-5mol/LT使培养液中的NO明显减少。当10^-9～10^-5mol/LE2与10^-9～10^-5mol/LT分别联合应用刺激内皮细胞时,10^-9～10^-8mol/LT不影响17β-E2的促进NO释放作用,而10^-7～10^-5mol/LT抑制17β－E2,10^-9～10^-7mol/L17β－E2能改善Hcy对内皮细胞的损伤作用,10^-5mol/L17β－E2则无此作用。结论：T不能促进人脐静脉内皮细胞释放NO。T具有抑制17β－E2促进内皮细胞释放NO的作用,尤其在17β-E2、T浓度较高时作用更明显。高浓度Hcy对内皮细胞释放NO产生抑制作用,但加入17β-E2可减轻Hcy的抑制作用。     

雌二醇对人脐静脉内皮细胞一氧化氮生成的作用

目的：观察17β－雌二醇（17β－E2）对原代培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）一氧化氮（NO）生成的影响,探讨雌激素影响体内NO水平的机制。方法：采用胰蛋白酶平铺消化法培养原代HUVEC,不同浓度17β－E2作用HUVEC不同时间,采用重氮法测定NO含量。结果：10^-6mol/L,10^-8mol/L 17β-E2作用1h,NO即明显增高（P＜0．001）,10^-6mol/L,17β－E2作用30min,NO即明显增高（P＜0．05）,10^-10mol/L,10^-8mol/L 17β－E2作用30min,NO与对照组无统计学差异。结论：一定剂量17β－E2可促进HUVEC生成NO,可能为降低血管阻力,抑制动脉粥样硬化（AS）形成的重要机制之一。     

淫羊藿苷对家兔阴茎海绵体的舒张作用及机制

目的　观察淫羊藿苷 (ICA)对家兔阴茎海绵体平滑肌的舒张效应及机制。方法　采用离体平滑肌张力记录法。结果　①淫羊藿苷、西地那非 (sildenafil,Sil)、罂粟碱 (Pap)及氨力农 (amrinone ,Amr)均可浓度依赖性地引起舒张效应 ,EC50 分别为 0 2 ,11 2 ,31 6和 5 0 1μmol/L。②NO合酶抑制剂N 硝基左旋精氨酸甲酯 (L NAME ) 5μmol/L可将ICA引起的最大舒张效应由 6 0 %降低到 9% ,而NO前体左旋精氨酸 (L Arginine) 2 0 μmol/L ,可部分恢复ICA的最大舒张效应到 4 0 % (P <0 0 5 )。③ICA (1,10 μmol/L)增强Ach引起的舒张效应 ,最大效应由 6 0 %分别升高到 6 7%和 80 % (P <0 0 5 )。④ICA (3,10 μmol/L)能使高K (2 0～ 12 0mmol/L)去极化引起的最大收缩反应分别降低到 88%和 81% (P <0 0 5 )。⑤在经 1μmol/L阿托品和 5 μmol/L胍乙啶预先处理的标本上 ,电场刺激可以引起海绵体平滑肌频率依赖性的舒张效应。ICA (1、 10 μmol/L)能增强电场刺激引起的舒张效应 ,最大效应由对照水平的4 1%分别升高到 5 9%和 6 3% (P <0 0 5 )。结论　ICA可以直接舒张阴茎海绵体平滑肌 ,其壮阳作用机制与影响NO cGMP信号通路有关。     

PPAR-γ激动剂对AngⅡ刺激血管内皮细胞分泌血管活性因子的影响

目的 探讨过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)激动剂对AngⅡ刺激血管内皮细胞分泌血管活性因子的影响,并与AngⅡⅠ型受体(AT1R)拮抗剂losartan相对照,即从细胞水平进一步揭示PPARγ与高血压病的关系.方法 以脐静脉内皮细胞为研究对象,观察PPARγ激动troglitazone对内皮细胞分泌内皮素-1(ET-1)和NO的影响,及其对AngⅡ刺激内皮细胞分泌ET-1和NO的影响,并与losartan相对照.结果 10 μmol/L和50μmol/L troglitazone使人脐静脉内皮细胞分泌ET-1含量与对照组相比虽有下降但无统计学意义,而NO与对照组相比明显升高(P＜0.05);50μmol/L troglitazone可明显抑制AngⅡ(1×10-6 mol/L)刺激的ET的分泌(P＜0.05);两种浓度troglitazone均能抑制AngⅡ对内皮细胞生成NO的减低作用(P＜0.05);losartan抑制AngⅡ刺激内皮细胞合成和分泌ET-1增加和抑制AngⅡ减弱内皮细胞合成和分泌NO的作用比troglitazone更为明显(P＜0.05).结论 PPARγ激动剂troglitazone可抑制AngⅡ刺激内皮细胞合成和分泌ET-1的增加和NO的减少,但其作用并没有losartan明显,提示troglitazone通过影响血管活性因子的分泌而调节血压的作用并非完全是通过AT1R途径.     

雌激素与内皮细胞凋亡的关系

目的 :观察雌激素 (17β 雌二醇 )对氧化型低密度脂蛋白 (oxLDL)诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞 (HUVEC)凋亡的影响。方法 :以HUVEC为对象 ,观察不同浓度的 17β 雌二醇 (1μmol/L、10 μmol/L和 10 0 μmol/L)对oxLDL(4 μg/L)诱导的凋亡的影响。结果 :不同剂量的 17β 雌二醇对使用oxLDL诱导的HUVEC凋亡减少 70 %～ 93% ,其抑制呈明显的正向量效关系 ,17β 雌二醇 1μmol/L组细胞凋亡占 6 .98%～ 8.6 3 % ,10 0 μmol/L组细胞凋亡占 2 .94%～ 4.85 %。结论 :17β 雌二醇对oxLDL诱导的HUVEC凋亡有明显的抑制作用 ,且在一定浓度范围内呈正向量效关系 ,有利于减少细胞凋亡的发生。     

姜黄素对血管内皮细胞过氧化氢损伤的保护作用及其机制研究

目的研究不同浓度姜黄素（Cur）对正常血管内皮细胞活力的影响,及Cur对血管内皮细胞过氧化氢（H2O2）损伤的保护作用及机制。方法用不同浓度Cur（12.5μmol/L、25μmol/L、50μmol/L、100μmol/L）处理体外培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs）8 h,MTT法检测不同浓度Cur对HUVECs存活率的影响;H2O2（250μmol/L）孵育建立HUVECs损伤模型,不同浓度Cur（12.5μmol/L、25μmol/L、50μmol/L、100μmol/L）与H2O2共同处理HUVECs 4 h,检测细胞存活率,黏附能力和培养液中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）释放量;Griess法测定培养液中NO2-浓度,反映内皮细胞释放一氧化氮（NO）量。结果不同浓度Cur处理内皮细胞8 h后,内皮细胞的存活率无统计学差异（P〉0.05）;Cur能明显提高H2O2损伤的内皮细胞存活率和黏附能力（P〈0.01）,降低内皮细胞LDH的释放（P〈0.01）;增加H2O2损伤后HUVECs培养液中NO含量（P〈0.01）。其中Cur浓度为25μmol/L时效果最明显。结论不同浓度Cur（12.5μmol/L、25μmol/L、50μmol/L、100μmol/L）对内皮细胞的存活率均无影响;Cur对血管内皮细胞氧化损伤具有保护作用,机制可能与其促进NO的合成有关。     

17-β雌二醇对大鼠胸主动脉的舒张作用及其机制的研究

目的 :研究 1 7 β雌二醇 (E2 )对大鼠胸主动脉 (TA)的舒张作用及其机制。　方法 :采用体外血管灌流的方法 ,观察E2 对血管内皮完整和去内皮TA的舒张作用 ,以及雌激素受体 (ER)调节药他莫昔芬 (Tamoxifen)、左旋硝基精氨酸甲酯 (L NAME)、亚甲蓝 (MB)、四乙铵 (TEA)和格列本脲对这一过程的影响。　结果 :E2 (5× 1 0 -8～ 5×1 0 -5mol/L)可引起急性血管舒张 ,此作用具有剂量依赖性 ,而去内皮的血管舒张效应不明显 (P <0 .0 1 )。他莫昔芬 (1 0 -6mol/L)几乎能完全抑制E2 的舒张效应。一氧化氮 (NO)合成酶抑制剂L NAME(1 0 -5mol/L)部分抑制E2舒张TA的作用。MB是鸟苷酸环化酶 (GC)的抑制剂 ,1 0 -5mol/L的MB不仅有抑制E2 舒张TA的作用 ,而且有增强去甲肾上腺素 (NE)产生的收缩反应。钙激活钾通道 (KCa)的阻断药TEA (1 0 -4mol/L)和ATP敏感钾通道(KATP)的阻断药格列本脲 (1 0 -5mol/L)可减弱E2 的舒血管作用。　结论 :E2 对TA的急性舒张作用具有内皮依赖性。此作用是E2 通过非基因组方式使血管内皮细胞分泌NO ,进而引起血管平滑肌细胞 (VSMC)内的环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)水平升高实现的 ,并且与KCa和KATP有关。     

妊高征患者血浆增加内皮细胞一氧化氮合成的实验研究

目的　研究妊娠高血压综合征 (简称妊高征 ,PIH)患者的血浆对体外培养的内皮细胞一氧化氮 (NO)的影响。　方法　在体外培养的脐静脉内皮细胞中分别加入妊高征患者 (妊高征组 )和正常晚孕妇女 (晚孕组 )的血浆 ,测定 2 4h后培养液中NO代谢产物亚硝酸基 /硝酸基 (NO-2 /NO-3 )。　结果　加入妊高征组血浆的内皮细胞培养液中NO-2 /NO-3 含量为 (7.87± 0 .5 4 ) μmol/L ,加入晚孕组血浆的内皮细胞培养液中NO-2 /NO-3 含量为 (5 .93± 0 .5 9) μmol/L ,前者较后者显著增高 (P <0 .0 1)。　结论　妊高征患者的血浆能刺激培养的内皮细胞合成NO。     

雌激素对MCF-7细胞P2Y2 mRNA的抑制作用

目的探讨在MCF-7细胞株中雌激素是否影响P2Y2 mRNA的表达。方法取生长良好的MCF-7细胞,以不同浓度17β-雌二醇(17β-E2)、雌激素受体(ER)拮抗剂ICI182780、ERα拮抗剂MPP和ERβ拮抗剂PHTPP作用于细胞,应用实时定量RT-PCR方法测定细胞中P2Y2受体mRNA表达。结果在MCF-7细胞中,雌激素(1nmol/L～1μmol/L)下调P2Y2 mRNA的表达量从对照组的(73.79±8.91)%减少至对照组的(53.68±5.90)%,这种下调作用可以被ER拮抗剂ICI182780(1μmol/L)拮抗,ERα的拮抗剂MPP(50μmol/L)可以部分阻断雌激素(0.1μmol/L)的作用,而ERβ拮抗剂PHTPP(50μmol/L)对雌激素(0.1μmol/L)的作用无影响。结论雌激素通过ERα抑制P2Y2 mRNA的表达,这一途径可能参与了雌激素对MCF-7细胞的促增殖作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.