裂口位于主动脉弓远端Stanford A型主动脉夹层的腔内修复

目的总结腔内修复术治疗裂口位于主动脉弓远端Stanford A型主动脉夹层的临床经验。方法2001年1月至2006年6月在中山大学附属第一医院血管外科通过股动脉入路行主动脉腔内修复术,对21例内膜撕裂口位于主动脉弓远端和近端降主动脉的Stanford A型主动脉夹层进行血管腔内治疗,根据椎动脉造影确定是否重建左锁骨下动脉。结果全组21例中,急性夹层13例,慢性夹层8例,均接受了血管腔内带膜支架修复术,手术成功率100%。17例同时封闭了左锁骨下动脉,其中4例行左锁骨下动脉重建。4例发生内漏,1例术后发生脑梗死。平均随访22.3个月(6~65个月),所有病例均存活。假腔内完全血栓形成12例,部分血栓形成9例。结论主动脉腔内修复术治疗内膜撕裂口位于主动脉弓远端和近端降主动脉的Stanford A型主动脉夹层是有效和安全的,具有微创、成功率高和并发症少等特点。     

对腔内修复Stanford B型主动脉夹层手术范围的质疑——应将“远端旷置”改为“全程修复”

<正>近20年来,胸主动脉腔内修复术(thoracic endovascular aortic repair,TEVAR)治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层已得到国内外广泛应用[1-6],其适应证如下:(1)夹层破裂或破裂先兆或濒临破裂;(2)难控性高血压和疼痛;(3)内脏或肢体缺血;(4)主动脉直径大于5 cm或短期内迅速扩大;(5)主动脉周围渗出[2,7-8]。实施该技术的核心目标是:采用覆膜支架及相关辅助器具从腔内消除主动脉近端的裂口(假腔入口),从而诱导假腔血栓、主动脉重塑[1-8]。通过大量病例     

Stanford B型主动脉夹层远端破口的初步临床探讨

目的 探索性提出Stanford B型主动脉夹层远端破口的腔内修复原则.方法 新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院血管外科2013年1月-2015年1月收治的101例Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者,按照不同的处理原则将患者分为两组:(1)序贯处理组57例:采取由近至远的原则腔内修复主动脉破口(如不处理内脏动脉处破口,亦不处理其远端破口);(2)非序贯处理组44例:不按照由近至远的原则腔内修复主动脉破口(不处理累及内脏动脉破口,其余远端破口行腔内修复).分别对两组患者术后腹腔干处主动脉径直径增长率、不适主诉发病率、假腔血栓化发病率进行统计分析.结果 两组患者术后腹腔干处主动脉直径增长率有明显差异(P＜0.05),序贯组低于非序贯组;不适主诉发病率及假腔血栓化比例均可见明显差异(P＜0.05),序贯组优于非序贯组.结论 经过初步临床探讨,我们得出在处理Stanford B型主动脉夹层远端破口时,序贯处理优于非序贯处理.     

Stanford B型主动脉夹层发病24h内腔内修复术30例

目的 探讨Stanford B型主动脉夹层(aortic dissection,AD)发病24h内腔内修复术的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2007年6月至2008年1O月急诊行腔内修复Stanford B型主动脉夹层30例临床资料.本组腔内修复术均在胸痛症状出现后2.4h内完成;采用全身麻醉,在x线透视下将覆膜支架经股动脉放置在夹层第l裂口位置;其中1例第1裂口位于腹腔干对侧缘,运用开窗支架技术实施腔内修复术.术后1周、1、3、6、12个月行螺旋CT检查,观察手术疗效以及有无内漏、支架移位和内脏血供等.结果 30例支架均成功释放,无支架移位,无中转开胸手术,即刻造影I型内漏4例(13.4%),近端球囊扩张后3例消失,1例小于10%;所有患者真腔供血均得到改善.术后30 d死亡1例(3.3%),可能缘于术后夹层破裂;30例术后随访1-19个月,平均(12 4-8)个月,术后6个月发现1例(3.3%)I型内漏;无其他新发内漏出现.随访期间死亡1例(3.3%),该患者术后2月出现急性肝功能衰竭,死因不明.结论 24 h内腔内修复Stanford B型主动脉夹层可明显降低急性起病期患者死亡率,但远期效果还有待进一步观察.     

腔内修复术治疗多破口Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层的临床研究

目的 分析多破口Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层的临床特征,探讨胸主动脉腔内修复术处理该病的临床方式.方法 回顾性分析2011年2月-2015年5月因多破口(≥2个破口)Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层在广州军区武汉总医院心胸外科接收TEVAR治疗患者的病例资料,除近心端第一破口外,使用外科方式处理远端夹层破口为处理组,否则为非处理组.比较两组术后6个月内胸背疼痛发病率、远端夹层进展情况、假腔变化情况、远端破口获益情况.结果 检索出符合条件的病例67例,所有腔内修复术均获成功,无严重并发症发生病例,术后6个月内无死亡病例.处理组7例,非处理组60例.TEVAR后两组胸背疼痛发病率、远端夹层进展发病率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),处理组夹层假腔较非处理组明显变小(差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05),非处理组19例患者通过夹层远端破口的血流供应腹腔内脏动脉.结论 TEVAR是治疗多破口Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层有效的手术方式,远端破口应根据Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层特点进行个性化处理或尽量不处理.     

Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术后远期并发症

目的：报告腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层的远期并发症,评价这一疗法的远期效果并对腔内移植物的设计提出改进意见。方法：对一组146例Stanford B型夹层行腔内隔绝术后,经随访3至8年,统计其术后24个月以上出现的并发症。结果：该组远期并发症包括支架型移植物远端处夹层隔膜破裂5例;肾下腹主动脉段假腔增大2例;再发Stanford A型夹层3例;移植物破损2例。结论：虽然腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层的远期效果总体比较满意．但腔内移植物的设计仍有改进的必要,特别是针对移植物远端隔膜破裂和远期移植物破损的问题。     

B型主动脉夹层病人主动脉内径分析

目的 探讨胸主动脉的解剖特点,以证明B型主动脉夹层病人主动脉弓直径与降主动脉真腔直径存在显著差异.方法 20名健康成年人为对照组,接受计算机X射线断层血管造影(CTA)测量主动脉弓直径(近端Φ)和降主动脉中段直径(远端Φ).病程小于1个月的急性组23例和病程大于2年的慢性组19例病人均接受了主动脉夹层腔内修复术,利用术中的数字减影(DSA)和术前、术后的CTA,测量主动脉弓直径(近端Φ)和降主动脉中段真腔直径(远端Φ).分别计算3组的渐细率[(近端φ-远端Φ)/近端Φ)×100%].结果 对照组的CTA渐细率为(13.0±4.7)%.急性组DSA和CTA的渐细率分别为(23.6±11.3)%和(21.9±12.1)%.慢性组DSA和CTA的渐细率分别为(31.5±13.6)%和(30.1±11.4)%.结论 在急性和慢性B型夹层病人中,主动脉弓直径显著大于降主动脉真腔直径.在B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术中使用渐细型覆膜支架是一个更合理的选择.     

Stanford B型主动脉夹层远端破口处理原则的对比研究

目的 探讨Stanford B型主动脉夹层远端破口的处理原则.方法 按照不同的处理原则将Stanford B型主动脉夹层合并远端破口的患者分为两组：原则处理组：采取由近至远的原则,腔内修复远端破口,如不处理内脏动脉处破口,则也不处理其远侧破口;非原则处理组：不处理累及内脏动脉的破口,其余远端破口行腔内修复.分别对其术后不适主诉（胸背部、腰背部疼痛）发生情况、术后支架远端再破口发生情况及假腔变化情况进行分析.结果 共纳入符合标准的患者53例,其中原则处理组37例,非原则处理组16例,两组术后不适主诉发生情况及术后支架远端再破口发生情况差异无明显统计学意义（P＞0.05）,两组术后假腔变化情况差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 原则处理组的患者预后优于非原则处理组,对于Stanford B型主动脉夹层远端多破口应按照由近至远的顺序行腔内修复,如不处理内脏动脉处破口,则也应不处理其远侧破口.     

急性Stanford B型主动脉壁间血肿的治疗

目的 探讨急性Stanford B型主动脉壁间血肿的治疗方法和预后.方法 总结2001年1月至2008年3月收治的Stanford B型主动脉壁间血肿29例的临床资料.依据以下标准将患者分为三组:(1)有主动脉硬化性穿透性溃疡;(2)血压不易控制;(3)持续胸背部不适.符合上述任何一项的患者入选为腔内治疗组(13例),其余患者归入药物治疗组(16例).腔内治疗组采用降主动脉覆膜支架置入术;药物治疗组只接受降压、止痛等内科保守治疗.结果 本组29例患者均获随访,随访时间6～89个月,平均(19±16)个月,药物治疗组16例患者3例病情进展为夹层予支架治疗,2例突发主动脉破裂而死亡,疾病恶化率为31.25%,死亡率为12.5%;腔内支架治疗组13例患者随访期间未见夹层复发、支架移位及其他并发症.总共置入覆膜支架16个.结论 急性Stanford B型主动脉壁间血肿疾病恶化率高,腔内覆膜支架置入术是积极有效的治疗方法.     

降主动脉扩张病变腔内修复的初步探讨

目的探讨降主动脉扩张性疾病腔内修复术的有效性和安全性。方法 2009年5月～2011年12月,对20例降主动脉扩张性疾病行腔内修复手术。术前全部应用CTA确诊,其中Stanford B型夹层15例,假性动脉瘤4例,降主动脉减速伤1例。均在全麻下行股动脉切开作为覆膜支架置放入路。结果全组均一次支架释放成功,无手术死亡。修复后造影显示降主动脉夹层破口或假性动脉瘤均被即刻封闭,真腔均较术前扩大。2例主动脉腹腔分支段破口遗留假腔,假腔直径均<10 mm,未给予处理。14例术后6个月行CTA检查,无支架移位、破裂、断裂、内漏发生,第一破口所致假腔均无活动血流。结论腔内修复治疗降主动脉扩张性疾病安全,有效。     

亚急性期Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术后主动脉重塑的特点及影响因素

目的:探讨亚急性期Stanford B型主动脉夹层胸主动脉腔内修复术(TEVAR)后的血管重塑特点及影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2008年1月—2016年6月于安徽省立医院血管外科行TEVAR的50例亚急性期Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者术前及术后临床及影像学资料,分析术后3、6、12个月主动脉各平面段真假腔直径及假腔血栓化情况及术后主动脉重塑的影响因素。结果:TEVAR手术技术成功率为100%。术后8例失访。其余42例患者的影像学资料分析结果显示,TEVAR术后各时间点胸主动脉段真腔直径较术前明显扩大、假腔直径较术前明显缩小(均P0.05),而腹主动脉段真腔和假腔变化与术前均无统计学差异(均P0.05);胸主动脉段术后假腔血栓化比率高于腹主动脉。多因素分析显示,假腔内存在分支血管灌注(OR=27.45,P0.05)、存在多破口(OR=19.02,P0.05)是TEVAR术后主动脉重塑不良的独立危险因素。结论:亚急性期Stanford B型主动脉夹层行TEVAR后胸主动脉段重塑优于腹主动脉段;假腔内存在分支血管灌注、存在多破口是TEVAR术后主动脉重塑不良的独立危险因素。     

覆膜支架主动脉腔内修复术在Stanford B型主动脉夹层中的应用

目的观察覆膜支架主动脉腔内修复术（TEVAR）对Stanford B型主动脉夹层和降主动脉瘤的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析华西医院2013年3～6月采用TEVAR治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层和降主动脉瘤患者20例的临床资料,其中男19例,女1例;年龄41～76（58．3±10．2）岁,分析其疗效。结果20例患者中,治愈18例,自动出院1例,术后死亡1例。随访满3个月者16例,随访率88．9％。全部随访患者支架范同内真腔管径有所恢复,假腔或瘤腔内血栓形成。结论TEVAR为Stanford B型主动脉瘤提供了一个新的选择,特别是为高龄和合并严重疾病的患者提供了新的治疗手段,优势明显,值得临床应用。     

降主动脉瘤的腔内移植物治疗

目的 探讨腔内移植物治疗降主动脉瘤的可行性。方法 12例降主动脉瘤接受了血管腔内技术治疗,包括5例真性动脉瘤、6例Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤及1例假性动脉瘤。13枚支架型血管在局部（n=2)或全身麻醉（n=10)下经一侧股动脉切开安装在病变部位。结果 腔内技术成功率100％。无瘤体破裂、截瘫、脏器及肢体缺血等并发症。早期并发症：3例早期内漏血。CT及MRA随访1－30个月：5例真性动脉瘤4例被完全旷置,1例内漏转化为持续性。6例Stanford B型夹层入口4例一期封堵满意,2例少量内漏血自愈,4例假腔内完全血栓形成2,例部分形成。1例假性动脉瘤效果满意。结论 腔内移植物治疗降主动脉瘤是一种安全、可靠、实用的新方法。但其远期治疗效果有待继续观察,尤其是夹层动脉瘤的腔内治疗具有更多的不确定性。     

Transluminal placement of endovascular stent-grafts for the treatment of type A aortic dissection with an entry tear in the descending thoracic aorta

PURPOSE: The current therapy for type A aortic dissection is ascending aortic replacement. Operative mortality and morbidity rates have been markedly improved because of recent advances in surgical techniques and anesthesiology. However, type A aortic dissection with an entry tear in the descending thoracic aorta is still a surgical challenge because of the need for extensive aortic replacement. METHODS: Ten patients with type A aortic dissection were treated with endovascular stent-grafts. The false lumen of the ascending aorta was patent in five patients, and it was thrombosed in the other five patients. The entry tears were located in the descending thoracic aorta in all cases. Seven patients had acute dissection, and three patients had subacute dissection. Four patients had pericardial effusion. Stent-grafts were fabricated from expanded polytetrafluoroethylene and Z-stents. RESULTS: Entry closure was achieved in all patients. Complete thrombosis of the false lumen of the ascending aorta was observed after stent-grafting in all patients. A second stent-graft was required in two patients to obtain complete thrombosis of the false lumen of the descending thoracic aorta. No procedure-related complications were observed, with the exception of a minor stroke in one patient. During a mean follow-up period of 20 months, no aortic rupture or aneurysm formation was noted in either the ascending or descending thoracic aorta, and all patients were alive and doing well. The abdominal aortic aneurysm enlarged after stent-grafting in one patient, and this was treated by closing the fenestrations of the abdominal aorta with stent-grafts. CONCLUSION: Stent-graft repair of aortic dissection with an entry tear in the descending thoracic aorta is a safe and effective method and may be an alternative to surgical graft replacement in highly selected patients.     

B型主动脉夹层98例报告

目的探讨B型主动脉夹层的治疗效果,急、慢性主动脉夹层的治疗措施。方法 2001年7月～2011年6月98例B型主动脉夹层(胸主动脉夹层96例,腹主动脉夹层2例;急性主动脉夹层89例,慢性9例)行胸主动脉腔内修复术(thoracic endovascular aortic repair,TEVAR)83例,外科手术修复1例,保守治疗10例,术前夹层动脉瘤突然破裂死亡4例。采用直型带膜支架修复80例,分支带膜支架修复3例。杂交手术7例,先行右腋动脉-左腋动脉人工血管旁路移植5例,行左颈动脉-左锁骨下动脉人工血管旁路移植2例。保守治疗的10例中,4例经1周治疗痊愈。9例慢性主动脉夹层发现夹层不断扩大,采取腔内修复治疗。结果 83例腔内修复手术围手术期死亡2例,病死率2.4%(2/83),死亡原因:1例术后1周因心包填塞(尸检结果),1例为不明原因于术后第2天死亡,考虑为其他位置再次破裂所致;余81例术后恢复良好,无脑卒中发生。腔内手术发生Ⅰ型内漏14例(16.9%);81例出院时夹层内血栓形成69例,12例夹层中仍可见部分血流。保守治疗的10例,6例显示夹层内血栓形成,其余变化不大。84例随访2～121个月,平均36.5月,随访率91.3%(84/92),其中TEVAR随访75例,保守治疗随访8例,外科手术随访1例:1例腔内修复术后3个月胸降主动脉再次破裂死亡,2例Ⅰ型内漏存在,夹层不断扩大,再次放置带膜支架后消失,其余病例情况良好。结论急性B型主动脉夹层的治疗要积极,TEVAR为首选,可以取得比较好的疗效;慢性B型主动脉夹层应注意随访,必要时采用TEVAR治疗。     

Preoperative thoracic false lumen branches relate to aortic remodeling after thoracic endovascular aortic repair for DeBakey IIIb aortic dissection

Objective

This study evaluated the association between thoracic false lumen branches (TFLBs; dissected thoracic branches fed by a false lumen) and distal thoracic aortic enlargement (DTAE) after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for DeBakey IIIb aortic dissection.

Impending rupture of the descending aorta by enlargement of the false lumen after graft replacement with the elephant trunk technique: Report of a case

We report herein a case of an impending rupture of the descending aorta caused by an enlargement of the false lumen after a graft replacement using the elephant trunk technique. The patient was a 51-year-old woman who had received a graft replacement of the ascending aorta for an acute Stanford type A aortic dissection 6 years previously. An enhanced computed tomographic scan and digital subtraction angiography revealed pseudoaneurysms at the proximal and distal anastmotic site, and a residual dissection of the aortic arch. A graft replacement of the ascending aorta to the aortic arch was performed with the distal site using the elephant trunk technique. Five days after the operation, massive bleeding from the drainage tube occurred. A chest enhanced computed tomographic scan suggested an impending rupture of the descending aorta caused by an enlargement of the false lumen. A graft replacement of the descending aorta was carried out. Postoperatively she had no complications, and digital subtraction angiography showed an excellent reconstruction of the thoracic aorta. One month after the second operation, she was discharged from hospital.     

A report of 4 cases of aortic operation using open proximal anastomosis under the hypothermic circulatory arrest and left lateral exposure]

Four cases of aortic operations using open proximal anastomosis (OPA) under the hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) and left lateral approach (LLA) are reported. Three of 4 cases had extensive aortic disease from distal arch to descending thoracic aorta (Stanford type B chronic aortic dissection, double false aneurysms, and double true aneurysms). Another one case had ruptured aneurysm of thoracic aorta. LLA should have been selected in all cases, however, aortic proximal cross-clamp was impossible in them, because of giant pseudolumen, diseased lesion of aortic arch, hemothorax followed rupture of aneurysm. Therefore OPA under the HCA was performed. There were no complication associated with HCA, bleeding, neurological deficiency and respiratory dysfunction. We conclude that, although the HCA may have some problems, if there is the proper indication, OPA under the HCA is useful method at aortic operation for difficult aortic disease.     

Repair of the thoracic aorta by transaortic stent grafting (open stenting)

BACKGROUND: The late results of direct open stent grafting of the aortic arch for aortic arch repair have not been reported previously. METHODS: Between September 1997 and December 2000 19 patients underwent open stent grafting with carotid artery bypass for thoracic arteriosclerotic aneurysms (TAA) of the distal aortic arch. In addition, 21 patients underwent open stent grafting with total aortic arch replacement for Stanford type A acute aortic dissection and 7 patients underwent stenting with carotid bypass for Stanford type B chronic aortic dissection. RESULTS: The early mortality rate was 11% for TAA, 10% for type A dissection, and 0% for type B dissection. Whereas none of the TAA or type A dissection required a second operation on the thoracic aorta, 1 TAA patient died 6 months postoperatively after sudden aortic rupture and 1 type B patient required descending aortic replacement because of ulceration caused by the stent graft at 11 months postoperatively. On follow-up computed tomography scan, in TAA patients, true aneurysms excluded by the stent graft showed early thrombosis, but the absorption of thrombosed aneurysms started from 1 to 6 months postoperatively and gradually progressed. In patients with type B chronic dissection, the false lumen showed early thrombosis and the true lumen was dilated at the central portion of the graft, which might increase turbulent flow by interaction with the stent. In patients with type A acute dissection, the false lumen showed both early thrombosis and early absorption. CONCLUSIONS: Early and late results of open stenting are acceptable and follow-up computed tomography scan may be able to predict late results of open stenting.