The allergenic and immunotropic properties of the preparation pantohematogen

Experiments on CBA/Ca Lac mice showed that pantohematogen, a drug prepared from whole blood of Siberian deer, wapiti, and deer, when administered in a course in doses under study and in chosen conditions of the experiment does not possess allergenic and immunotoxic properties. The immunomodulating properties of the drug were characterized by marked stimulation of macrophage phagocytic activity and, under definite conditions, by activation of formation of antibody-producing cells in the spleen of mice immunized with sheep erythrocytes.     

The pharmacological regulation of neutrophil activity by cholinotropic preparations, barbiturates and fenazepam]

The in vitro experiments with human blood cells and in vivo experiments on Wistar rats have demonstrated that stimulation of neutrophils enhances their phagocytic metabolic activity. Barbiturates (benzonal and phenobarbital) and phenazepam in low concentrations (doses) increase neutrophilic function evaluated by the NBT test, but in high ones cause opposite effects.     

Study of the immunotropic properties of theophylline in lymphocyte culture

The effect of theophylline on the activation of suppressor cells by histamine was studied in the experiments with mononuclear cells of blood of patients with bronchial asthma and healthy donors. Theophylline (1-5 micrograms/ml) was shown to be able of activating suppressed function of cells of the patients. Incubation of mononuclear cells of the healthy donors with theophylline did not change the process of suppressor formation in vitro.     

Synthesis and immunotropic activity of derivatives of thiazolo[3,4-a]benzimidazole

Translated from Khimiko-farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 40–42, January, 1991.     

Mechanism of the anti-alcohol action of fenazepam

Experiments were performed on 64 albino male rats selected according to their ethanol preference. A long-term administration of ethanol produced a number of specific changes in the activity of the enzymes involved in metabolism of ethanol, lipid peroxidation, enzymes of metabolism of xenobiotics. At the continuous ethanol administration, phenazepam was found to normalize the activity of ethanol-metabolizing enzymes, both in vivo and in vitro. Phenazepam also normalized reaction of lipid peroxidation both in vivo and in vitro. The drug was shown to be an inductor with respect to enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism.     

Methodological problems of screening immunotropic agents

The author analyzes the requirements for the models applied in the screening of immunotropic agents. Reviews the characteristics of the screening of such substances. Suggests a variant to be used in the system of screening the immunotropic drugs.     

The fenazepam demand by rats depending on the degree of alcoholic motivation

Phenazepam stimulates the drinking behaviour of rats. Under free-choice conditions ethanol-preferring rats drank significantly greater amount of phenazepam solution than those not preferring ethanol. Intraperitoneal administration of phenazepam and ethanol eliminated differences between the animals of the two groups in consumption of each substance but had no cross effect.     

Characteristics of the anticonvulsant effects of fenazepam

Studies of the new benzodiazepine drug phenazepam comparatively to diazepam, clonazepam, nitrazepam, phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin have shown that by its anticonvulsant effects phenazepam is similar to clonazepam and differs from other antiepileptic agents. Phenazepam exhibits a pronounced capacity for removing paroxysmal epileptiform discharges induced by cobalt application to the surface of the brain cortex. Prolonged administration induces tolerance to phenazepam as shown by antagonism to strychnine and by capacity for preventing convulsions in maximal electric shock.     

Characteristics of fenazepam excretion in rats and mice

Study of excretion of the tranquilizer phenazepam [7-bromo-1,3-dihydro-5-(2'-chlorophenyl)-2H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-one] and its pharmacologically active metabolite 3-hydroxyphenazepam with urine and feces of rats and mice has shown that the drug is excreted unchanged in extremely negligible amounts. During 5 days, 11.4% of phenazepam with reference to the dose administered is excreted with mouse urine. In rats, this metabolite is detectable in the urine only after phenazepam administration in a dose of 100 mg/kg.     

Nature of the immunotropic activity of calcium antagonists

It was shown in experiments on CBA mice that four-fold administration of calcium antagonists (verapamil, nifedipine) in doses of 5-10 mg/kg was accompanied by the development of the immunosuppressive effect. Reactions of hypersensitivity of delayed type were inhibited to the greatest degree. To a lesser degree calcium antagonists suppressed the humoral immune responses to the thymus-dependent antigen without exerting any action on the formation of antibodies to the thymus-independent antigen.     

Synthesis and immunotropic activity of derivatives of pyrimidines

Translated from Khimiko-farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 38–43, February, 1993.     

The antiamnesic properties of antidepressants]

The experiments on albino rats demonstrated that antidepressants pyrazidol, imipramine, incazane, moclobemide and to a lesser degree azaphen reduce the amnesic effects of electroshock and scopolamine in the rats with the acquired conditioned reaction of passive avoidance. The studied antidepressants decrease also the disturbing action of alcohol on the learning of rats of the conditioned reaction of active avoidance.     

The immunotropic activity of GABA during cytochrome P-450 induction in the liver

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was shown to exert the immunodepressive effect. The use of GABA under induction of cytochrome P-450 of the liver by phenobarbital or rifampicin was not followed by immunodepression. The obtained data indicate the dependence of GABA pharmacological activity from the function of cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase system of the liver.