慢性乙型肝炎患者心理卫生状况及其婚姻质量调查

目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者心理卫生状况及其婚姻质量,为临床心理干预提供科学依据。方法采用艾森克个性问卷、焦虑、抑郁自评量表,Olson婚姻质量问卷对43例慢性乙型肝炎患者和43例健康者进行对照研究。结果慢性乙型肝炎患者艾森克个性问卷评分E量表得分显著低于对照组,N量表得分显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）;焦虑、抑郁自评量表评分总均分均显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）;Olson婚姻质量问卷评分婚姻满意度、性格相容性、夫妻交流、业余活动、性生活等因子得分均显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论慢性乙型肝炎患者存在着不同程度的心理卫生问题,其婚姻生活质量欠佳。在应用药物治疗的同时,应重视心理干预和家庭治疗。     

青少年强迫症患者焦虑状况与生活质量及家庭环境的相关性研究

目的：探讨青少年强迫症患者焦虑状况与生活质量及家庭环境的相关性。方法对100例青少年强迫症患者采用zung氏焦虑自评量表、生活质量问卷和家庭环境量表进行测评分析。将zung氏焦虑自评量表总分≥50分者设为焦虑组,＜50分者设为对照组,并进行对比分析。结果焦虑组zung氏焦虑自评量表评分和家庭环境量表矛盾性分量表评分显著高于对照组（ P＜0．05）,生活质量问卷评分和家庭环境量表的9个分量表评分均显著低于对照组（ P＜0．05或0．01）;焦虑组zung氏焦虑自评量表评分与生活质量问卷、家庭环境量表多数因子评分呈显著负相关（ P＜0．05或0．01）,与家庭环境量表的矛盾性因子呈显著正相关（ P＜0．05或0．01）。结论高焦虑水平青少年强迫症患者生活质量、家庭环境功能均较差,其焦虑水平与生活质量、家庭环境功能呈显著负相关。     

舍曲林联合丁螺环酮治疗抑郁症伴性功能障碍对照研究

目的：探讨舍曲林联合丁螺环酮治疗抑郁症伴性功能障患者的临床疗效。方法将100例抑郁症伴性功能障碍患者随机分为两组,每组50例,两组均口服舍曲林治疗,观察组联合丁螺环酮合治疗,观察8周。采用汉密顿抑郁量表、抑郁自评量表评定抑郁状况,Olson婚姻质量问卷评定婚姻质量,性生活满意度量表评定性生活满意度。结果治疗后两组汉密顿抑郁量表、抑郁自评量表评分均较治疗前显著下降（P＜0．01）,观察组较对照组下降更显著（P＜0．01）;两组Olson婚姻质量问卷评分均较治疗前显著升高（P＜0．01）,观察组较对照组升高更显著（P＜0．01）;观察组性生活总满意率显著高于对照组（χ2＝7．48,P＜0．01）。结论舍曲林联合丁螺环酮治疗抑郁症伴性功能障患者效果显著,能显著提高患者的性生活满意度和婚姻质量,显著优于单用舍曲林治疗。     

驻岛官兵人格特征主观幸福感与心理健康状况的相关性调查

目的探讨驻岛官兵人格特征、主观幸福感与心理健康状况的相关性,为部队开展心理卫生工作提供依据。方法对328名驻岛官兵采用症状自评量表、艾森克个性问卷和总体幸福感量表进行测评分析。结果驻岛官兵艾森克个性问卷的内外向维度评分与症状自评量表人际关系、抑郁因子分呈显著正相关〈P〈0．05）,精神质维度评分与人际关系、焦虑、敌对、偏执及其他因子分呈显著正相关〈P〈0．05或0．01）,神经质维度评分与躯体化、人际关系及精神病性因子分呈显著正相关〈P〈0．05）;艾森克个性问卷的内外向维度评分与总体幸福感量表总分及对健康的担心、忧郁或愉快的心境、对情感和行为的控制因子分呈显著正相关〈P〈0．05或0．01）,精神质维度评分与总体幸福感量表总分及对生活的满足和兴趣、松弛或紧张因子分呈显著负相关〈P〈0．05或0．01）,神经质维度评分与总体幸福感量表总分及除精力因子分外的其他因子分呈显著负相关〈P〈0．05或0．01）;总体幸福感量表总分对症状自评量表总均分有显著预测作用〈P〈0．01）。结论驻岛官兵的人格特征与主观幸福感、心理健康状况密切相关,主观幸福感越强,心理健康水平越高。     

糖尿病患者心理健康状况及个性特征研究

目的探讨糖尿病患者心理健康状况及个性特征。方法对108例糖尿病患者与108名健康志愿者采用症状自评量表和艾森克个性问卷进行评定分析。结果糖尿病患者症状自评量表总分、总均分、阳性项目数及各因子分均显著高于对照组（P〈0．05或0．01）;艾森克个性问卷评分糖尿病患者N维度T分明显高于健康志愿者（P〈0．01）,其它维度差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论糖尿病患者存在明显的心理问题,心理状况较差,个性以情绪不稳定为特征。有针对地开展心理健康教育和心理干预,有利于提高糖尿病患者的生活质量。     

生活事件对躯体化障碍患者心理状况的影响

目的探讨生活事件对躯体化障碍患者心理健康状况的影响,为早期预防和心理干预提供依据。方法将79例躯体化障碍患者设为研究组,同期抽取50名健康者设为对照组,对两组采用生活事件量表、症状自评量表进行测评分析。结果研究组症状自评量表除敌对因子分外,总均分和其他因子分均显著高于对照组（P〈0．05或0．01）;生活事件量表总分及负性生活事件评分、家庭相关问题评分、社交及其他问题评分均显著高于对照组（P〈O．05或0．01）;生活事件量表总分和负性生活事件评分与症状自评量表总均分及各因子分呈显著正相关（P〈0．05或0．01）。结论躯体化障碍患者存在较多的应激事件和心理问题,负性生活事件对患者的心理健康状况影响较大。     

地震灾区医务人员创伤事件应对方式与心理健康相关性研究

目的：探讨汶川地震2a后灾区医务人员心理健康状况及其与心理创伤、应对方式的相关性。方法对180名灾区医务工作者（研究组）和144名非灾区医务工作者（对照组）采用症状自评量表、埃森创伤问卷以及简易应对方式问卷进行测评分析。结果研究组症状自评量表评分和埃森创伤问卷总分及闯入、回避和分离症状评分均显著高于对照组（ P＜0．05或0．01）;两组积极应对和消极应对维度分比较差异无显著性（P＞0．05）;相关分析显示,研究组消极应对维度分与症状自评量表评分和埃森创伤问卷评分呈显著正相关（ P＜0．05或0．01）,积极应对维度分与症状自评量表总分及4个因子分呈显著正相关（ P＜0．05或0．01）,对照组无显著相关性（P＞0．05）。结论经历过地震的灾区医务人员的心理健康水平低于非灾区医务人员,不同应对方式对创伤后应激反应症状的发生有重要影响,可能会进一步影响应激者的心理健康水平。     

阿立哌唑与氯丙嗪对精神分裂症患者社会功能和生活质量的影响

目的探讨阿立哌唑与氯丙嗪对精神分裂症患者社会功能和生活质量的影响。方法将84例精神分裂症患者随机分为研究组和对照组,每组42名,研究组口服阿立哌唑治疗,对照组口服氯丙嗪治疗,观察8周。于治疗前及治疗8周末采用阳性与阴性症状量表、社会功能缺陷量表和生活质量综合评定问卷-74评定两组患者的精神症状、社会功能和生活质量。结果治疗8周末两组阳性与阴性症状量表、社会功能缺陷量表评分均较治疗前显著下降（P〈0．05）;同期两组间比较,治疗前两组评分差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）,治疗8周末,两组阳性与阴性症状量表评分差异无显著性（P〉0．05）,研究组社会功能缺陷量表评分显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）,生活质量综合评定问卷-74躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能维度评分显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论阿立哌唑与氯丙嗪治疗精神分裂症疗效相当,阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者社会功能和生活质量的改善更明显。     

神经症患者的述情障碍与个性相关性研究

目的探讨神经症患者的述情障碍及其与个性相关性。方法采用多伦多述情障碍量表、艾森克个性问卷及症状自评量表对43例神经症患者进行评估,并与58名健康者进行对照分析。结果神经症患者多伦多述情障碍量表总分及因子1、因子2评分均显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）,多伦多述情障碍量表总分、因子1、因子2及因子4与症状自评量表评分均呈显著正相关（P〈0．05或0．01）;多伦多述情障碍量表因子3与症状自评量表评分除躯体化因子外均呈负相关;多伦多述情障碍量表因子2与艾森克个性问卷神经质评分呈显著正相关（P〈0．05）。结论神经症患者存在明显的述情障碍,与某些个性特质及症状有相关性。     

精神分裂症患者家属心理健康状况及相关影响因素

目的探讨精神分裂症患者家属心理健康状况及相关影响因素。方法采用症状自评量表及自制一般资料调查问卷对193名精神分裂症患者家属进行调查分析。结果症状自评量表评分，精神分裂症患者家属躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、偏执因子分显著高于国内常模（P〈0．01），其中患者配偶躯体化、抑郁、焦虑因子分显著高于子女（P〈0．01），女性家属躯体化、抑郁因子分显著高于男性家属（P〈0．01），高中以下文化程度家属人际关系、焦虑因子分显著高于大专以上文化者（P〈0．01），农村患者家属躯体化、人际关系、抑郁因子分显著高于城市患者家属（P〈0．01）。结论精神分裂症患者家属普遍存在不同程度的心理问题，不同家庭因素对患者家属的心理健康状况有不同程度的影响。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.