胃癌c—myc癌基因扩增的临床意义

应用核酸杂交（ｄｏｔ ｂｌｏｔ）分析５０例胃癌及其对应正常组织ｃ－ｍｙｃ癌基因扩增情况。结果１１例（２２％）存在２－６倍扩增，并发现扩增与胃癌的分化程度、临床分期明显相关。本研究表明，ｃ－ｍｙｃ癌基因激活在胃癌属较晚期事件，可能涉及部分胃癌的某些恶性行为，ｃ－ｍｙｃ扩增可能是一项判断胃癌预后的有用的分子标志。     

胃癌DNA非整倍体的临床意义及其与癌基因扩增的关系

对４１例原发性胃癌用流式细胞光度术分析，结果５８．５％为非整倍体瘤，非整倍体与胃癌的局部淋巴结转移明显相关（Ｐ〈０．０５）。癌基因ｃ－ｍｙｃ，ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２，表皮生长因子受体基因扩增与非整倍体之间存在相关性（Ｐ〈０．００５，ｒ＝０．８０２）。     

骨髓增生异常综合征和急非淋白血病中癌基因及抑癌基因扩增的研究

应用核酸杂交技术（ｄｏｔ－ｂｌｏｔ）分析了癌基因。－ｍｙｃ、 Ｎ－ｒａｓ和抑癌基因 ｐ５３在骨髓增生异常综合征（ＭＤＳ）和急非淋白血病（ＡＮＬＬ）中的扩增情况。结果发现，有 ３ 例（３３％）的 ＭＤＳ存在 ｐ５３抑癌基因的 ２倍扩增，本实验中 ｐ５３抑癌基因的扩增发生在 ＭＤＳ的较晚期阶段； １例 ＡＮＬＬ中存在癌基因 ｃ－ｍｙｃ和抑癌基因 ｐ５３的共扩增，且发现扩增与 ＭＤＳ的分型及 ＡＮＬＬ的临床病情有一定的相关性。     

骨髓增生异常综合征和急非淋血血病中癌基因及抑癌基因扩…

应用核酸杂交技术分析了癌基因ｃ－ｍｙｃ、Ｎ－ｒａｓ和抑癌基因Ｐ５３在骨髓增生异常综合征（ＭＤＳ）和急非淋白血病（ＡＮＬＬ）中的扩增情况。结果发现，有３例（３３％）的ＭＤＳ存在Ｐ５３抑癌基因的２倍扩增，本实验中Ｐ５３抑癌基因的扩增发生在ＭＤＳ的较晚期阶段；１例ＡＮＬＬ中存在癌基因ｃ－ｍｙｃ和抑癌基因Ｐ５３的共扩增，且发现扩增与ＭＤＳ的分型及ＡＮＬＬ的临床病情有一定的相关性。     

乳腺癌中int—2,c—erbB—2及c—myc三种癌基因扩增及其临…

检测了１６例乳腺癌标本中ｉｎｔ－２、ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２及ｃ－ｍｙｃ三种癌基因的扩增情况。观察到有４例发生了ｉｎｔ－２基因扩增，有１４例发生了ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因扩增，９例发生了ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因扩增。该文对这三种癌基因的扩增倍数、频率与某些临床指征如肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移数目、雌激素受体水平等的关系进行了讨论。     

DNA斑点杂交检测大肠癌C－myc癌基因扩增的临床意义

应用ＤＮＡ斑点杂交技术对４４例大肠癌及相邻正常粘膜组织Ｃ－ｍｙｃ癌基因扩增进行分析，探讨Ｃ－ｍｙｃ扩增与大肠癌分化程度及Ｄｕｋｅｓ分期的关系．结果表明：大肠癌Ｃ－ｍｙｃ扩增率为６１．４％．并与分化程度密切相关，粘液腺癌和低分化腺癌的扩增率明显高于高分化腺癌．Ｃ－ｍｙｃ扩增可作为大肠癌的一项有价值的生物学标志．     

DNA斑点杂交检测大肠癌C—myc癌基因扩增的临床意义

应用ＤＮＡ斑点杂交技术对４４例大肠癌及相邻正常粘膜组织Ｃ－ｍｙｃ癌基因扩增进行分析，探讨Ｃ－ｍｙｃ扩增与大肠癌分化程度及Ｄｕｋｅｓ分期的关系。结果表明：大肠癌Ｃ－ｍｙｃ扩增率为６１．４％，并与分化程度密切相关，粘液腺癌和低分化腺癌的扩增率明显高于高分化腺癌。Ｃ－ｍｙｃ扩增可作为大肠癌的一项有价值的生物学标志。     

1．06μm激光血管成形术后动脉平滑肌细胞中的癌基因表达

通过建立兔腹主动脉粥样硬化性狭窄模型进行１．０６μｍ激光血管成形术（ＬＡ），应用系列癌基因片段与地高辛－ｄＵＴＰ随机插入标记，进行血管组织的原位杂交。发现：（１）ＬＡ后血管壁可见ｃ－ｆｏｓ、ｃ－ｊｕｎ、Ｃ－ｍｙｃ和Ｎ－ｒａｓ等癌基因表达；（２）癌基因表达多位于血管斑块中的ＳＭＣ；（３）ｃ－ｆｏｓ、ｃ－ｊｕｎ表达迅速而短暂，ｃ－ｍｙｃ和Ｎ－ｒａｓ表达较迟，持续时间较长。结论：激光损伤可诱导动脉ＳＭＣ中的某些癌基因表达。     

骨关节病关节软骨研究之二──变性软骨对癌基因的表达

在骨关节病的研究中业已发现变性的软骨细胞ＤＮＡ损伤，出现典型的细胞凋亡的“梯形”表现，说明变性的关节软骨存在细胞凋亡，而细胞凋亡受某些癌基因的调控。为了论证此设想，我们选择已被证明与细胞凋亡有关的３种癌基因（ｂｃ１－２，ｐ５３，ｃ－ｍｙｃ）进行检测，结果证明，在骨关节病的软骨细胞中发现ｃ－ｍｙｃ和ｐ５３阳性表达，其特点为在凋亡的软骨细胞中呈散在性表达，ｂｃ１－２则为阴性表达，说明骨关节病敕骨细胞癌基因表达有着自己的特性和调控细胞凋亡的共性。     

myc家族癌基因与肺癌预后

ｍｙｃ家族癌基因与肺癌预后１００８５３北京解放军总医院白莉李申德①孙燕①关键词肺肿瘤；基因，ｍｙｃ；聚合酶链反应中国图书资料分类号Ｒ７３４．２ｍｙｃ家族癌基因的扩增和过表达是多种肿瘤发生和发展的原因，其机制不仅在于它本身能导致细胞向恶性转化，还与其它...     

原发性胰腺癌与ras癌基因点突变的相关性研究

 为探讨中国人原发性胰腺癌与ras癌基因点突变的关系,从分子水平对胰腺癌的发生发展及早期诊断作一初步探索.采用PCR-ASO探针分析法,对36例胰腺癌和10例非癌胰腺组织进行检测,发现24例癌组织有c-ki-ras癌基因第12位密码子(简称ki-ras 12)野生型序列(GGT)第2个碱基鸟嘌呤(G)被腺嘌呤(A)置换(16例)和胸腺嘧啶(T)置换(10例).发现2例癌组织中同时存在2种突变类型.癌旁组织中亦发现点突变存在.提示ki-ras 12密码子点突变在癌前期起基因激活启动作用.     

人膀胱移行细胞癌中c－erbB－2基因扩增的检测及意义

应用Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ方法对５１例石蜡包埋的膀胱移行细胞癌标本进行ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因扩增的检测。结果显示，３１．３７％（１６／５１）的标本呈ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因扩增。在不同分化程度的膀胱移行细胞癌中ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因扩增率差异无统计学意义（χ２检验，Ｐ＞０．０５）。表明人膀胱移行细胞癌中存在ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因的扩增；但ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因的扩增与膀胱癌细胞分化及恶性程度无相关性。     

胃癌及肠上皮化生组织中P53、C-myc蛋白表达

目的:探讨P53、C-myc表达在胃癌发生、发展中的作用.方法:对60例胃癌、10例肠上皮化生组织和10例对照组,应用免疫组化检测P53和C-myc基因蛋白.结果:胃癌组的突变P53和C-myc基因表达均显著增高(P＞0.01),而肠上皮化生组中P53和C-myc的表达与正常组无显著差异(P＞0.05),肠上皮化生组的C-myc表达明显低于胃癌组(P＞0.01).结论:P53基因发生突变、失活以及C-myc基因激活,在胃癌的发生中可能起重要作用,检测C-myc基因蛋白表达有助于预测胃粘膜癌变.     

胎肝低分子抑瘤物和维生素A酸对HL-60细胞中c-myc癌基因表达的影响

胎肝中存在着一类低分子抑瘤物,可明显抑制 HL-60细胞的增殖。为探讨其作用机制,本实验对 HL-60细胞经胎肝低分子抑瘤物和维生素 A 酸作用后 c-myc 癌基因的表达水平进行了检测。结果表明,维生素 A 酸可明显抑制 HL-60细胞中 c-myc 基因的表达,而胎肝低分子抑瘤物却无明显作用。     

An unusual cause of peritonitis: Perforation of a gastric carcinoma

Gastric carcinoma perforation is an uncommon consequence that is often missed during the preoperative stage. Perforation may occur at any stage of cancer, but it is more common in late stages. It can also happen early in the illness. Because of the spilled stomach contents, it produces an acute abdominal syndrome. The goal of treatment should be to strike a balance between the emergency situation of peritonitis and oncological surgical techniques. A case of stomach cancer perforation with typical imaging findings is presented.     

红景天甙对人肝癌细胞c-myc表达的逆转作用

目的:研究红景天甙对人肝癌细胞系SMMC-7721的c-myc表达的逆转作用。方法:通过不同剂量红景天甙处理体外培养的SMMC-7721细胞株,采用免疫组织化学检测细胞c-myc表达。结果:不同终浓度(0.5mg/ml、1.0mg/ml、1.5mg/ml)的红景天甙均能抑制SMMC-7721细胞C-myc表达,抑制率分别为8.8%、21.6%和39.8%(P<0.01)。其抑制作用呈剂量效应正相关。结论:红景天甙可抑制SMMC-7721细胞内c-myc的表达,提示其在体外诱导肝癌细胞分化的可能。     

Gastric distension by ingesting food is useful in the evaluation of primary gastric cancer by FDG PET

Gastric carcinoma is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Detection and surgical resection of gastric cancer in the early stage provides the only hope for improved survival in patients with gastric cancer. Positron emission tomography (PET) with F-18 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) has been shown to be essential in the evaluation of a variety of malignancies. However, conventional FDG PET has limited value for detecting a primary tumor of the stomach, mostly because of the relatively high levels of physiological uptake by the contracted stomach. We report 3 cases of primary gastric carcinomas detected successfully by FDG PET after the ingestion of food. The PET images of the stomach after ingesting food were compared with the routine fasting-state whole-body PET images for each patient. When the stomach was distended by food, the malignant lesions were more discernible. These cases indicate that gastric distension by ingesting food may be a simple method that can help to detect a primary gastric malignancy by FDG PET.     

Hepatic neoplasia: Selected clinical aspects

Benign liver tumors are relatively uncommon and, even when large enough to be symptomatic, they usually remain undiagnosed prior to exploratory laparotomy. Hemangiomas constitute the majority of benign hepatic neoplasms and are 9 times as frequent in females as in males. Most are asymptomatic but abdominal swelling, a mass, or symptoms due to compression of adjacent organs may occur and abdominal hemorrhage is reported in 4.5% of patients. Hepatic hemangioma may produce a large arteriovenous communication serious enough to cause heart failure. Recently an increased frequency of liver tumors, mostly adenomas, has been noted in women taking oral contraceptives (OCs); the cause has been attributed to estrogens. The exact incidence is unknown but believed to be low. It is most common in women in their late 20s who have been on OCs for 7 years or more. The tumor occasionally completely regresses on withdrawal of the OCs. The tumor may be discovered incidentally at laparotomy or may manifest inself by pain, a palpable mass, or catastrophic hemoperitoneum. Hepatic adenoma is usually a solitary lesion and infrequently degenerates into malignancy. Differential diagnosis includes chronic gall bladder disease and peptic ulcer. Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is apparently much less frequently related to OC use and is less likely to bleed seriously than adenoma. Hepatic chemistry is usually normal in adenoma and FNH, but slight increases in serum bilirubin, serum alkaline phosphatase, and serum transaminase may occur. Primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatoma) is mostly a disease of males and in the US and Western Europe seldom develops before age 40. Fibrolamellar carcinoma, which characteristically develops in adolescents and young adults, occurs with equal sex incidence. Doubt has been expressed about its relationship to OCs. In the US about 75% of primary hepatocellular carcinomas are associated with cirrhosis, and about 5% of cirrhosis cases develop primary liver cancer. Clinical manifestations of hepatoma have been divided into 5 groups: frank cancer (62.7%), acute abdominal cancer (8%), febrile cancer (8%), occult cancer (16%), and metastatic cancer (5%). Detection of large amounts of alpha fetoprotein has proven useful in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, but values may be negative in OC users. It has been estimated that 1/3 to 1/2 of all malignant tumors eventually metastasize to the liver.