牛乳铁蛋白素基因及其突变基因在大肠埃希菌中的融合表达

目的构建牛乳铁蛋白素基因（LfcinB）及牛乳铁蛋白素突变基因（mLfcinB）的表达载体，建立在大肠埃希菌中融合表达的方法。方法依据大肠埃希菌偏爱密码子设计LfcinB和mLfcinB，进行克隆扩增并测序，构建LfcinB和mLfcinB的融合表达载体并转化人大肠埃希菌，经异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷（IPTG）诱导表达，产物经谷胱甘肽-琼脂糖凝胶法纯化。结果成功构建了融合表达载体pGEX-4T-1-LfcinB和pGEX-4T-1-mLfcinB，表达载体转化大肠埃希菌BL21，经IPTG诱导3h后LfcinB和mLfcinB融合蛋白表达率约为30％，洗脱纯化后产物约为60％。聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳显示融合蛋白为29kDa，主要以包涵体形式存在，谷胱甘肽-琼脂糖凝胶纯化后得到3．1kDa的目的蛋白。结论LfcinB及其突变基因在大肠埃希菌中的融合表达可提高LfcinB的表达率。     

人颗粒裂解肽突变子在大肠埃希菌中的构建与表达研究

目的构建NKG5突变基凶的原核表达载体并进行表达研究。方法采用寡核苷酸合成的方法,拼接成为NKG5-Set的编码序列．克隆到pGEMT载体上,测序正确后,再切下编码序列连接到质粒pGEX-4T—1中,重组表达载体转化大肠埃希菌BL21（DE3）plysS,用IPTG诱导使融合蛋白高效表达。结果成功获得重组表达载体pGEX-4T-1-NKG5-Ser,转染大肠埃希菌BL21（DE3）pLysS,诱导表达后,SDS—PAGE和免疫印迹反应均显示显示出相对分子量（Mr）为35kD的蛋白条带,证明融合蛋白表达成功。结论获得了突变NKG5与GST的融合蛋白,为进-步的工作打下了基础。     

TRAIL胞膜外段融合蛋白在大肠埃希菌内可溶性表达

目的：研究在大肠埃希菌体内可溶性表达肿瘤坏死因子相关的凋亡诱导配体（TRAIL）胞膜外段融合蛋白，为其下一步的分离纯化奠定基础。方法：依据原核表达载体pGEX-2T多克隆位点限制性内切酶要求，设计TRAIL胞膜外段PCR引物，对TRAIL的克隆载体进行PCR扩增，回收目的片段后利用DNA连接酶构建TRAIL胞膜外段原核表达载体，应用相关的生物学软件对目的蛋白的理化性质及其溶解性进行预测。酶切鉴定后将阳性重组体转入大肠埃希菌DH5α体内，分别在不同浓度异丙基硫代－β-D－半乳糖苷（IPTG）、不同诱导温度、不同诱导时间作用下，利用SDS－PAGE分析目的蛋白可溶性表达量。结果：PCR扩增得到TRAIL胞膜外段DNA片段，酶切结果证实已成功构建了TRAIL胞膜外段原核表达载体，预测表明95％以上的TRAIL胞膜外段融合蛋白是以可溶性的形式表达，在0.1mmol/L IPTG,20℃诱导3－4h，目的蛋白可溶性表达量达峰值，占菌体蛋白的28％。结论：本实验可在大肠埃希菌体内表达可溶性的TRAIL胞膜外段融合蛋白。     

弓形虫GRA7基因在大肠埃希菌中的表达

目的　在大肠埃希菌中表达致密颗粒蛋白(GRA7)。方法　将弓形虫GRA7基因克隆入原核表达载体p GEX- 4 T- 1,构建重组质粒p GEX- 4 T- 1/GRA7并转化大肠埃希菌BL2 1。IPTG体外诱导重组质粒菌的表达,对表达的GRA7融合蛋白进行SDS- PAGE和Western- blotting分析。结果　成功构建了p GEX- 4 T- 1/GRA7重组质粒,该重组质粒在大肠埃希菌中表达了目的蛋白,该蛋白能与抗GST抗体结合。结论　GRA7基因在大肠埃希菌中以GST融合蛋白的形式得到表达。     

大鼠胰高血糖素样肽-1受体的克隆和原核表达

目的 从大鼠胰岛细胞INS-1中克隆胰高血糖素样肽-1受体(GLP-1R)的编码序列,构建原核表达载体并在大肠埃希菌中表达.方法 培养INS-1细胞.提取细胞总RNA,经RT-PCR技术扩增出GLP-1受体的编码序列.然后将其连接到原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1中,并进行酶切、测序鉴定.将获得的pGEX-4T-1-GLP-IR转化大肠埃希菌感受态细胞BL21(D3),经异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导后收集菌体蛋白,最后通过SDS-PAGE对收获的融合蛋白进行鉴定.结果 成功获得了GLP-1R编码序列,构建了原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1-GLP-1R并在大肠埃希菌BL21(D3)中表达.表达的融合蛋白主要存在于上清液中,分子量大小约为83 kD.结论 本实验为获取GLP-1R大量蛋白样品制备抗体提供了可能;GLP-1R的克隆也为建立2型糖尿病的新药筛选平台提供了条件.     

家蝇Defensin基因原核表达条件的优化及其抑菌活性

目的优化家蝇Defensin基因原核表达条件,并初步研究其抑菌活性。方法 Defensin基因成熟肽被克隆入pGEX-4T-1原核表达载体中,构建重组质粒pGEX-4T-1/Defensin,并转化宿主菌后诱导表达,表达过程中对菌液起始浓度、IPTG浓度、诱导温度和时间进行优化。采用亲和层析法分离纯化融合蛋白,SDS-PAGE鉴定目的蛋白的表达情况和分子量。用凝血酶切除谷胱甘肽标签,并通过体外抑菌实验检测其抗菌活性。结果成功构建重组质粒pGEX-4T-1/Defensin,目的基因能够在大肠埃希菌内高效表达,分子量为4 kD,与预期值一致,表达量约达40%。抑菌实验显示其对大肠埃希菌K12D31生长有一定的抑制作用。结论本实验为家蝇Defensin基因功能的深入研究奠定了工作基础。     

肺炎链球菌自溶素基因的克隆、表达及蛋白纯化

 目的 克隆肺炎链球菌自溶素（LytA）基因并在大肠埃希菌中表达及蛋白纯化。方法 用PCR方法从肺炎链球菌基因组中克隆肺炎链球菌自溶素基因,然后将其插入原核表达载体pET32a（+）,构建pET32a(+) - LytA重组质粒,经IPTG诱导使该基因在大肠埃希菌BL21 (DE3)中表达,亲和层析法纯化目的蛋白,将获得的蛋白用Western blot鉴定门结果扩增出的DNA序列与GenBank中的LytA基因序列一致,成功构建了pET32a(+) - LytA重组质粒并在大肠埃希菌中高效表达,所表达的蛋白经Western blot证实为肺炎链球菌自溶素融合蛋白。结论 成功克隆了肺炎链球菌自溶素基因,并将其在大肠埃希菌中表达、纯化,为新型肺炎链球菌疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

GST-hCAP融合蛋白表达载体的构建及其在原核细胞中的表达

目的:构建GST标签的人c-Cbl相关蛋白(GST-hCAP)融合蛋白表达载体,并在大肠埃希菌(E.coli)中诱导其表达.方法:从COS-1细胞中提取mRNA,反转录为cDNA.用PCR方法扩增出hCAP基因全长,通过EcoRⅠ和XhoⅠ酶切位点将其定向插入pGEX-5X-1载体中,构建原核表达质粒pGEX-5X-1-hCAP,并转化E.coli DH5α,通过限制性内切酶酶切电泳和DNA测序鉴定正确后,转入E.coli BL21中,经异丙基硫代β-D半乳糖苷大量诱导表达,SDS-PAGE电泳和Western blot鉴定.结果:酶切电泳及测序结果证明,原核表达质粒GST-hCAP构建成功,用Western blot方法也证实了GST-hCAP融合蛋白的表达.结论:成功地构建了GST-hCAP原核表达载体,证实了其在原核细胞大肠埃希菌中的表达,为进一步纯化CAP及研究其结构与功能提供了前提基础.     

肿瘤坏死因子-α转换酶基因金属蛋白酶区的克隆及表达

目的: 克隆和构建含有肿瘤坏死因子-α转换酶金属蛋白酶区(metallopro teinase dom ain of human tumor necrosis factor-αconve rting enzyme,TACEmp)基因表达载体,并在大肠埃希菌中高效表达。方法: 用RT-PCR方法,从THP-1细胞中扩增出TACEmp基因片段,插入表达载体pET-DsbAmut,用限制性酶切和DNA测序进行鉴定;转化到大肠埃希菌BL21中进行诱导表达,通过SDS-PAGE电泳分析表达产物。结果: 克隆TACEmp基因并构建重组表达载体pET-DsbAmut-TACEmp转化入BL21,IPTG诱导后获得高效表达的TACEmp融合表达蛋白。结论: 利用分子伴侣融合蛋白技术使TACEmp在原核表达系统中获得了高效可溶性表达。     

GST-颗粒溶解素融合蛋白的纯化及其抗菌活性分析

目的: 纯化大肠埃希菌表达的GST-颗粒溶解素融合蛋白,并分析其体外抗菌活性。方法: 将IPTG诱导处理后的细菌破碎,分离含有可溶性GST-颗粒溶解素融合蛋白的细菌裂解液,并通过GSH-琼脂糖珠亲和层析柱纯化。同时采用MTT法分析该纯化蛋白的抗菌活性。结果: GST-颗粒溶解素融合蛋白能以可溶性形式在大肠埃希菌中表达,采用亲和层析法可获得分子量为44kDa的单一蛋白条带。经抗菌活性分析,表明纯化产物对金黄色葡萄球菌和甲型溶血性链球菌具有显著抑制作用,而对伤寒沙门菌和大肠埃希菌BL21的抗菌活性不明显。结论: 成功纯化GST-颗粒溶解素融合蛋白,该蛋白对革兰阳性菌具有高效抗菌活性。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.