短效催眠药佐匹克隆和三唑仑对正常人体前庭性错觉的影响

目的 探讨短效催眠药佐匹克隆和三唑仑对人体前庭性错觉的影响。方法 8名受试者,采用三阶段交叉双盲给药方法,分别交叉服用三唑仑(0.25mg)、佐匹克隆(10mg)和安慰剂(每次间隔1周),在服药前2h及服药后2、4、6、8、10h分别进行一组前庭性错觉测试,包括旋转后错觉和科里奥利加速度错觉,记录错觉形态与错觉持续时间。结果 与安慰剂比较,服用佐匹克隆和三唑仑能显著延长旋转后错觉和科里奥利错觉的持续时间,但持续时间不长,在服药后2h达到最大效应,服药6h后即消失。佐匹克隆与三唑仑相比,差别无显著性意义,药物对错觉形态也未有明显影响。结论 佐匹克隆及三唑仑对人体前庭性错觉具有一定的影响,但这种影响持续时间较短,在服药6h后均已消除,对人体的空间定向无残留后遗效应。     

速可眠、三唑仑、唑吡坦、佐匹克隆催眠效果电生理特征的比较

由中华医学会航空航天医学分会主办的全国第六次航空航天医学学术会议将于 2 0 0 2年 6月 2 6～2 9日在浙江宁波市召开。本次会议共收到应征论文 2 1 9篇 ,经专家评审组采用双向多重盲法 (作者与审者间双盲、审者间互盲 )审稿方式初选后 ,再集中会审 ,充分保证了公平、优质地录选稿件。最终录用 1 2 9篇 ,其中英语专题会交流 9篇 ,大会交流 1 7篇 ,专题会交流 1 0 3篇。现将这次会议入选论文以摘要形式在本刊预先发表。为了方便检索与学术交流 ,我们在每篇摘要前加了顺序编号 ,并标注了关键词 ;英语专题会交流论文摘要以中英文对照形式刊发 ;中文摘要加注了中国图书馆分类法分类号。     

三唑仑和佐匹克隆对模拟飞行工作能力的影响

目的利用飞行模拟器评价短效类催眠药三唑仑和佐匹克隆对模拟飞行工作能力的影响 ,为在飞行人员中应用提供有关实验依据。方法 6名男性被试者于实验日午间 1 3时双盲交叉服用安慰剂、三唑仑 ( 0 .2 5mg)和佐匹克隆 ( 7.5mg)后 ,短时睡眠 1h ,分别在用药后 1h、2h、3h、4h、6h、8h、1 0h和 2 0h(次日上午 9时 )进行模拟飞行成绩测定。实验每周进行 1次 ,共 3周。结果服用三唑仑短时睡眠后对各时段的模拟飞行成绩无明显不良影响。服用佐匹克隆后 2h、3h时段的模拟飞行成绩有显著降低 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,4h后模拟飞行能力恢复正常 ,其他时段无明显变化。结论服用短效类催眠药三唑仑后对模拟飞行工作能力无明显不良影响 ;服用佐匹克隆后 2h、3h对模拟飞行工作能力有显著不良影响     

两种剂量水平的扎来普隆对正常人认知操作能力和前庭功能的影响

目的 比较两种剂量水平的扎来普隆对正常人认知操作能力和前庭功能的影响.方法 8名健康青年男性志愿者在3次试验(每次间隔1周)中交叉服用扎来普隆10 mg、15 mg和安慰剂,采用随机双盲设计给药,分别在服药前4 h、服药后1、2、3、4、6、8 h各完成一次认知能力测试,内容包括单双重任务(即计算机控制的四数连加、心理运动及二者复合的双重任务)能力;光刺激反应时及运动时;临界闪光融合频率(CFF).另6人参加前庭功能测评,试验设计与上述相同,测试内容包括视动眼震(OKN)、前庭眼动反射(VOR)、视前庭眼动反射(VVOR)和前庭眼动反射固视抑制(VOR-Fix).用重复测量的方差分析比较不同药物组和用药后不同时间观察指标的差别. 结果 与安慰剂组相比,两种剂量扎来普隆组的认知操作指标无明显变化,但OKN、VOR增益明显降低(F值分别为10.81、39.64,P＜0.05),用药后2～3 h恢复正常,其余前庭功能指标各组无明显差异.结论 服用扎来普隆10 mg和15 mg对认知操作能力无明显副作用,对前庭功能的轻度不良影响在用药3 h后恢复正常.     

新型短效催眠药扎来普隆的疗效和安全性研究进展

目的分析和综述国内外有关扎来普隆治疗失眠症的疗效和安全性研究资料,对制定飞行人员合理用药方案提供参考。资料来源与选择该领域的研究论文和综述。资料引用论文和综述30篇。资料综合基于扎来普隆治疗失眠症的疗效、后遗效应和对认知操作、汽车驾驶能力的影响进行分析、综合。结论扎来普隆具有快速吸收代谢、副作用小等特点,在军事医学和航空医学领域具有较好的应用前景。     

扎莱普隆、佐匹克隆、替马西泮和褪黑素对精神运动能力影响的比较

为了保持行动的快速、敏捷，现代军事行动范例中常需用药理学方法来维持警觉和改善睡眠。近来一些睡眠的方法用于支持军事行动，其中包括使用催眠药佐匹克隆、替马西泮(羟基安定)，褪黑素(美乐托宁)。新近人们对军事行动中使用一种半衰期只有1小时新的催眠药扎莱普隆(Zale—     

正常人服用扎来普隆在噪声干扰下的催眠效果观察

目的利用强噪声干扰造成情景性失眠,比较不同剂量扎来普隆的催眠效果。方法在模拟歼-6飞机噪声干扰环境中(约95dB),观察8名健康青年男性志愿者于14:00交叉服用扎来普隆10mg、15mg以及安慰剂后4h多导睡眠图的变化,指标包括睡眠潜时(SL)、睡眠效率(SE)、睡眠结构(各期慢波和快速眼动睡眠百分比)。觉醒后进行睡眠质量和嗜睡感的主观评价。采用单因素方差分析进行数据的统计处理。结果与安慰剂组相比,扎来普隆10mg组的SL明显缩短(F=9.48,P<0.05),主观睡眠质量分值和睡眠深度分值显著提高(F=14.89,P<0.01;F=10.67,P<0.05);而扎来普隆15mg组SL明显缩短(F=16.35,P<0.01),SE明显提高(F=17.43,P<0.01),快速眼动睡眠百分比显著增加(F=18.15,P<0.01),主观睡眠质量分值和睡眠深度分值亦显著增加(F=20.58,P<0.01;F=18.27,P<0.01)。服用各组药物觉醒后均无明显的主观嗜睡感和其它不良反应。结论扎来普隆的催眠效果具有一定的剂量相关特性,为提高催眠效果可将服药剂量由常用量10mg增加至15mg。     

飞行员服用扎来普隆诱导午睡的效果及对地面抗荷能力的影响观察

目的 观察飞行员服用短效催眠药扎来普隆诱导午睡的效果及对其地面抗荷能力的影响.方法 40名健康疗养期间的飞行员为试验对象,分为扎来普隆组和安慰剂组(n=20).于午餐后1 h分别单剂量口服药物或安慰剂15 mg,睡眠2～2.5 h,用药3 h后进行主观睡眠质量和嗜睡感自评,以及地面抗荷能力测评.后者的评价指标包括L-1抗荷动作小腿、大腿和腹部肌力,心率(HR),肱动脉收缩压(SBP)和G(+Gs)值.进行服药前后对比分析以及扎来普隆组与安慰剂组同对比分析.结果 扎来普隆组服药后的主观睡眠质量(5.30±0.69分)较服药前(4.75±0.88分)明显提高(t=2.02,P<0.05);觉醒后两组间的主观嗜睡感无明显差异.扎来普隆组服药前后及扎来普隆与安慰剂两组问的地面抗荷能力均无显著性差异(P>0.05).所有受试对象用药后均无明显不良反应.结论 单剂量服用15 mg扎来普隆可改善飞行员的午睡质量,用药3h后对飞行员的地面抗荷能力无明显影响.     

服用三唑仑对汽车兵夜间睡眠质量和次日汽车驾驶能力的影响

目的 观察服用三唑仑对汽车兵夜间睡眠质量和次日汽车驾驶能力的影响,为今后在飞行人员中应用提供试验依据.方法 60名男性汽车兵随机分为安慰剂组和三唑仑组（各组n=30）.试验第1日8：30和14：30各完成1次考核场汽车驾驶任务,在夜间0：00两组分别服用药物（三唑仑0.25 mg或安慰剂）后睡眠5.5 h,于次日7：00、10：00、13：00和16：00（用药后7～16 h）完成4次相同的驾驶任务,测定指标包括：主观睡眠质量、斯坦福嗜睡量表和自认疲劳分级量表评分,考核场汽车驾驶成绩,视听反应能力和临界闪光融合频率.结果 与安慰剂组相比,三唑仑组的主观睡眠质量明显提高,而汽车驾驶成绩、视听反应能力和闪光融合频率两组无明显差异.结论 常规单剂量服用三唑仑具有提高汽车兵睡眠质量的效果,用药7 h后对汽车驾驶能力无明显不良影响.     

佐匹克隆与艾司唑仑治疗老年失眠症的临床疗效比较

目的比较佐匹克隆与艾司唑仑治疗老年失眠症的疗效与不良反应比较。方法对96例老年失眠症患者,随机分为佐匹克隆组(48例)与艾司唑仑组(48例),疗程2周。采用睡眠状况问卷自评量表(SRSS)于治疗前后评定临床疗效,用治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定不良反应。结果两组均有显著疗效,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。SRSS评分较治疗前显著降低(P<0.01)。两组TESS评分的比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论佐匹克隆在治疗失眠症方面与艾司唑仑疗效相当,但副作用小、安全性好,是一种有效、耐受性好的治疗失眠症的药物。     

60岁民航航线飞行员双重任务能力及一年追踪研究

目的 研究60岁民航航线飞行员的认知能力状况,并进行1年的追踪观察,探讨老年航线飞行员认知能力的发展变化规律. 方法 52名60岁民航航线飞行员,在计算机上完成双重任务认知能力测试,包括单项心算4数连加任务、单项模拟飞行姿态控制任务和两者复合的双重任务.同时通过将60岁组航线飞行员各项指标的成绩与31～39岁组、40～49岁组、50～59岁组的航线飞行员进行均数差异比较,观察年龄因素的影响.以配对t检验的方法将26名航线飞行员1年前后双重任务测试成绩进行对比,检验其认知能力的变化. 结果 各项认知指标均存在明显的年龄效应(F=2.98～13.47,P＜0.05),但60岁组民航航线飞行员的认知能力仅与31～39岁组飞行员的差异有统计学意义(t—2.33～7.46,P＜0.01或P＜0.05),而与其他年龄组在绝大多数指标上的差异均没有统计学意义(P＞0.05).动态观察26名航线飞行员1年前后认知能力的变化,其双重任务的认知能力并没有出现衰减. 结论 横向比较和动态追踪的研究结果均支持60岁并非航线飞行员认知功能急剧衰减的转折点.本研究为特殊职业退休政策的制定提供一定的参考依据.     

歼击机平视显示器速度、高度、航向信息显示格式对飞行员认知绩效的影响

目的 比较平视显示器(HUD)速度、高度和航向信息各自3种不同显示格式对飞行员认知绩效的影响. 方法 试验采用3×2重复测量设计,以151名男性飞行员为受试对象,完成HUD速度、高度和航向信息3种不同显示格式共18幅画面的测试,并获取飞行员对每种显示格式"优、良、中、差"的等级评定.对正确率和反应时指标作重复测量的协方差分析和配对比较检验;对飞行员使用性评价指标作x2检验. 结果 在HUD速度信息画面测试中,对于飞行员的认知正确率,"显示格式"的主效应非常显著(F=7.097,P＜0.001);"信息认知方式"的主效应显著(F=3.902,P＜0.05);飞行员正确认知"模拟刻度带Ⅰ加数字窗"的信息正确率期望值最高.对于飞行员的反应时指标,"受试对象类别"和"信息认知方式"的交互作用显著(F=2.905,P＜0.05);"飞行总时数"的主效应显著(F=6.637,P＜0.05);在使用性评价上,飞行员将3种显示格式分别评价为"优、良、中、差"的人数比例分布有非常显著的差异(x2=233.305,P＜0.001),其中82.1%的飞行员认为"模拟刻度带Ⅰ加数字窗"的显示格式为"优".在HUD高度信息画面测试中,对于飞行员的认知正确率,"显示格式"的主效应非常显著(F=8.523,P＜0.001),"显示格式"和"飞行总时数"的交互作用显著(F=3.253,P＜0.05);飞行员正确认知"模拟刻度带Ⅰ加数字窗"显示格式的信息正确率期望值最高;对于飞行员的反应时指标,"显示格式"的主效应非常显著(F=10.869,P＜0.001);在使用性评价上,飞行员将3种显示格式分别评价为"优、良、中、差"的人数比例分布有非常显著的差异(x2=273.959,P＜0.001),其中有86.8%的飞行员认为"模拟刻度带Ⅰ加数字窗"的显示格式为"优".在HUD航向信息画面测试中,对于飞行员的认知正确率,"显示格式"的主效应非常显著(F=11.418,P＜0.001),"显示格式"和"飞行总时数"的交互作用很显著(F=5.802,P＜0.01);飞行员正确认知"模拟刻度带Ⅰ加数字窗"显示格式的信息正确率期望值最高;对于飞行员的反应时指标,"受试对象类别"的主效应显著(F=3.226,P＜0.05),"飞行总时数"的主效应显著(F=5.719,P＜0.05);在使用性评价上,飞行员将3种显示格式分别评价为"优、良、中、差"的人数比例分布有非常显著的差异(x2=226.324,P＜0.001),其中有88.7%的飞行员认为"模拟刻度带Ⅰ加数字窗"的显示格式为"优". 结论 对战斗机HUD速度、高度和航向信息的视觉显示建议优先采用"模拟刻度带Ⅰ加数字窗"格式.     

The effects of the Nordic hamstring exercise on sprint performance and eccentric knee flexor strength: A systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies among team sport players

ObjectivesThe primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Nordic hamstring exercise (NH_E) on sprint performance (i.e., 5, 10 and 20 m) and explore associations between study characteristics and sprint outcomes in team sport players. Secondary aims were to (1) investigate the effects of the NH_E on eccentric strength of the knee flexors (ES_KF) with categorical subgroup analysis to determine differences between recreationally, well-trained individuals and young athletes, (2) determine the relation between ES_KF and sprint performance in team sport players, and (3) explore the effect of study characteristics (i.e., weekly volume, time duration and body mass) on ES_KF.MethodsElectronic databases were searched until the 20th of June 2020. 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to determine the mean difference (MD) or standardized change of mean difference (SCMD) between NH_E and control group for sprint time and ES_KF, respectively.ResultsNH_E interventions showed a positive effect on sprint performance (−0.04 s [−0.08, −0.01]). Sub-group meta-analyses indicated no significant differences in 5 and 20 m sprint performance (MD_sprint(5m) = −0.02 s [−0.10, 0.06]) and (MD _sprint(20m) = −0.05 s [−0.30, 0.19]), respectively. A significant difference was however found for 10 m sprint performance (MD_sprint(10m) = −0.06 s [−0.10, −0.01]). Meta-analysis on the effects of the NH_E on ES_KF showed a significant benefit of 0.83 SCMD [0.55, 1.12] in favour of the intervention group.ConclusionsStudies with some concerns or high risk of bias show that training programs involving the NH_E can have small beneficial effects on sprint performance in team sport players. Studies with some concerns or high risk of bias showed moderate beneficial effects on ES_KF among a sample of relatively untrained individuals. However, for well-trained team sport players, the improvements in ES_KF were less consistent, suggesting a higher training intensity during the NH_E may be required to induce adaptations.     

Interindividual,repositioning, and time‐of‐day effects on single voxel proton MR spectroscopy of the anterior cingulate cortex

Purpose:

To measure interindividual, repositioning, and time‐of‐day effects of single voxel PRESS (P oint RES olved S pectroscopy) proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H‐MRS) acquisition of the anterior cingulate cortex (AC) in healthy human subjects.

Materials and Methods:

AC ¹H‐MRS measurements were performed in 15 healthy adult volunteers using a short echo PRESS sequence (GE Healthcare 3 Tesla, TE/TR = 30/2500 ms, 192 acquisitions, 6 cm³ voxels). For each individual, a total of eight spectra were obtained during two identical scanning sessions separated by 3.5 h. In each, two consecutive AC spectra were acquired. After the first two scans, the subject left the scanner, then immediately returned for repositioning and acquisition of two more consecutive spectra. The subject then left the imaging centre to return 3.5 h later for a repeated procedure. Spectroscopic postprocessing was done using LCmodel. Interindividual, repositioning and time‐of‐day effects were measured using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) models of variance components analysis, where response variables were levels of creatine/phosphocreatine (Cr), N‐acetyl‐aspartate (NAA), myo‐inositol (mI), choline (Cho), and the glutamate‐glutamine complex (Glx).

Results:

Interindividual effects were markedly higher than time‐of‐day and repositioning effects for all metabolites.

Conclusion:

Our findings show that ¹H‐MRS measurements of the AC are sensitive to interindividual differences, while time of day and repositioning are markedly less important. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:276–282. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

The immediate effects of Kinesio Taping on running biomechanics,muscle activity,and perceived changes in comfort,stability and running performance in healthy runners,and the implications to the management of Iliotibial band syndrome

BackgroundKinesio Taping is frequently used in the management of lower limb injuries, and has been shown to improve pain, function, and running performance. However, little is known about the effects of Kinesio Taping on running biomechanics, muscle activity, and perceived benefits.Research questionThis study aimed to explore the immediate effects of Kinesio Taping on lower limb kinematics, joint moments, and muscle activity, as well as perceived comfort, knee joint stability, and running performance in healthy runners.MethodsTwenty healthy participants ran at a self-selected pace along a 20-metre runway under three conditions; no tape (NT), Kinesio Tape with tension (KTT), and Kinesio tape without tension (KTNT). Comparisons of peak hip, knee angles and moments, and EMG were analysed during the stance phase of running.ResultsKTT exhibited significant increases in peak hip flexion, peak hip abduction and hip external rotation compared to NT. Moreover, the KTT condition showed a trend towards a decrease in peak hip internal rotation and adduction angle compared to the NT condition. EMG results showed that Tensor Fascia Latae activity decreased with KTT compared with NT, and Gluteus Maximus activity reduced with KTNT when compared with NT. Ten of the 20 participants indicated important improvements in the comfort score, six participants in the knee stability score, and seven participants in the running performance score when using KTT.SignificanceThese results suggest that changes in running biomechanics previously associated with ITBS can be improved with the application of kinesio tape, with the greatest effect seen with the application of kinesio tape with tension. Perceived improvements were seen in comfort, stability and running performance, however these benefits were only seen in half the participants. Further work is required to explore the biomechanical effects and perceived benefits in different patient groups.