长链非编码RNA XLOC-007123在乙型肝炎相关肝细胞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的检测长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)XLOC-007123在乙型肝炎相关肝细胞癌(HCC)患者组织(癌、癌旁)及肝癌细胞系中的表达,并分析其表达水平与临床病理特征的关系。方法选取2013年12月-2015年12月于解放军三〇二医院肝胆外科行HCC切除术的52例乙型肝炎相关HCC患者的肝癌组织;同时取同一患者的癌旁组织作为对照。应用荧光实时定量PCR检测lncRNA XLOC-007123在乙型肝炎相关HCC患者癌组织、配对癌旁组织以及肝癌细胞系中的表达水平。其中研究所用细胞系L02、HuH7、HepG2、SMMC-7721均由解放军三○二医院临床管理中心提供。非参数Wilcoxon秩和检验比较lncRNA XLOC-007123在癌组织和配对癌旁组织的表达水平;独立样本t检验比较不同HCC细胞系与正常肝细胞系间lncRNA XLOC-007123表达水平。临床指标差异分析采用χ~2检验。结果与癌旁组织相比,lncRNA XLOC-007123在乙型肝炎相关HCC患者的癌组织中表达显著下调(P<0.01);与正常肝细胞株相比,IncRNA XLOC-007123在3种肝癌细胞系中均呈低表达(P值均<0.05)。lncRNA XLOC-007123表达水平与患者的血清AFP水平和肿瘤分期相关,差异有统计意义(χ2值分别为7.738、7.589,P值均<0.05)。结论 lncRNA XLOC-007123在乙型肝炎相关HCC组织中表达降低,且与临床患者血清AFP水平和病理分期有关联,推测lncRNA XLOC-007123在乙型肝炎相关HCC发生发展过程中发挥着调控作用,有望成为乙型肝炎相关HCC临床诊断的潜在标志物。     

长链非编码RNA MALAT1在肝细胞癌发生发展中的作用

肝细胞癌(HCC)具有发病率高、生存率低、治疗效果不良、发病机制复杂等特点。近年来,多项研究证实lncRNA MALAT1在HCC中表达上调,具有促进HCC细胞增殖、侵袭和转移的作用,并且在HCC的诊断、预后及治疗方面具有临床指导意义。总结了lncRNA MALAT1在HCC中的研究现状,探讨其表达模式、作用机制以及在预测和监测HCC发展中的临床意义,以期深入了解lncRNA MALAT1在介导HCC发展中的作用。lncRNA MALAT1将有望成为HCC诊断和预后的潜在生物标志物,并在将来应用于临床靶点治疗。     

老年胃癌患者胃癌组织中lncRNA H19和SIRT6表达及与预后的关系

目的 探讨长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)H19和SIRT6基因在老年胃癌患者组织中的表达及与预后的关系.方法 收集47例胃癌患者癌组织及对应癌旁组织,qRT-PCR技术检测组织切片中H19和SIRT6基因表达水平,免疫组化检测SIRT6蛋白表达.酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测胃癌患者血清中SIRT6蛋白表达.采用...     

血浆长链非编码RNA H 19在肺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的：探讨长链非编码 RNA (lncRNA) H 19在肺癌患者血浆中的表达水平及其在肺癌诊断中的应用价值。方法收集2015年1月至2015年12月淮安市第一人民医院呼吸内科、放疗科收治的137例肺癌患者,90例肺良性病变,60例健康体检人群作为研究人群。通过荧光定量 PCR 检测 lncRNA H 19在上述人群血浆中的表达水平,统计分析肺癌血浆 lncRNA H 19表达水平与临床病理资料之间的关系,受试者特征(ROC)曲线和曲线下面积(AUC)评估血浆 lncRNA H19单独或与癌胚抗原(CEA)、鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCCA)和神经特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)联合诊断肺癌效能。结果肿瘤组患者血浆 lncRNA H19表达水平显著高于良性病变组(U =1525,P <0.001)及健康对照组(U=570,P<0.001),差异均有统计学意义,血浆lncRNA H19的表达水平与肿瘤大小(χ2=6.177,P=0.017)、淋巴结转移(χ2=5.579,P=0.024)密切相关。lncRNA H19、CEA、SCCA、NSE诊断肺癌的 AUC 分别为0.895、0.818、0.759、0.703。lncRNA H19与 CEA 联合,诊断肺癌AUC增加至0.949,敏感性为82.48%,特异性为94.67%,较CEA单独诊断有显著提高。结论肺癌患者血浆 lncRNA H 19水平显著高于肺良性病变患者及健康对照人群,与临床病理学特征相关,在肺癌诊断中具有一定价值,可辅助传统肿瘤标志物用于肺癌诊断及病情评估。     

原发性肝细胞癌GOLM1基因异常表达和相关miRNA和lncRNA预测

目的通过GOLM1(GP73)在原发性肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)中的表达,分析其作为HCC诊断标志物的可行性,并预测其相关RNA。方法分析在线数据库HCC中GOLM1 mRNA表达,用含90对HCC组织和癌旁正常组织的组织芯片和免疫组化方法检测GOLM1蛋白表达;用TCGA转录组数据预测GOLM1相关的miRNA和lncRNA。结果 HCC中GOLM1 mRNA的表达高于癌旁正常组织,与HCC患者临床分期、肿瘤分级和总生存时间相关。GOLM1蛋白在HCC与癌旁组织中的表达差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。生物信息学分析预测到与GOLM1存在可能调控关系的lncRNA 6个、miRNA 48个。结论 GOLM1 mRNA可作为HCC的诊断和预后标志物,成功预测到与GOLM1相互作用的lncRNA 6个、miRNA 48个。     

长链非编码RNAH19在急性胰腺炎患者血清中的表达及意义

目的探讨急性胰腺炎患者血清中长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)H19的表达及临床意义。方法选取2013年1月-2015年12月在沈阳市急救中心急诊科及综合外科诊断为急性胰腺炎的患者82例以及健康者20例。采集急性胰腺炎患者及健康者的外周血,分离血清提取RNA,利用Real-time PCR检测lncRNA H19的表达水平,分析H19的表达与其他临床病理指标的关系。计量资料组间比较采用t检验,计数资料组间比较采用χ~2检验;利用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析lncRNA H19对急性胰腺炎的诊断价值。结果急性胰腺炎患者急性期血清中的lncRNA H19表达水平明显高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.364,P=0.020);重型急性胰腺炎组患者比轻型急性胰腺炎组lncRNA H19表达水平高(t=2.111,P=0.037),Balthazar CT分级C级患者的lncRNA H19表达水平高于CT分级≤C级的患者,且差异有统计学意义(t=2.312,P=0.022)。ROC曲线分析显示H19的检测可以帮助诊断急性胰腺炎(ROC曲线下面积为0.752,95%可信区间:0.636~0.867,P0.01)。结论 lncRNA H19在急性胰腺炎患者的血清中表达升高,且对于急性胰腺炎诊断和严重程度的预判具有一定临床价值。     

长链非编码小核仁RNA宿主基因（lncRNA SNHG）在肝细胞癌发生发展中的作用

肝细胞癌(HCC)是原发性肝癌中最常见的类型，也是癌症相关死亡的主要原因之一。尽管目前对HCC的研究逐渐深入，但其潜在的分子机制仍不清楚。近年来研究发现，长链非编码RNA (lncRNA)在HCC的发生和发展中起着重要作用，而长链非编码小核仁RNA宿主基因(lncRNA SNHG)在HCC中异常表达并在肿瘤细胞的增殖、侵袭、转移、血管生成、干细胞特性及耐药性等方面发挥调节作用。本文综述了lncRNA SNHG基因家族在HCC中的发生机制及预后价值，以期为该领域的基础和临床研究提供新思路。     

血液lncRNA 00707检测在胃癌辅助诊断中的临床价值

目的 探讨外周血液中长链非编码RNA(lncRNA 00707)和癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)检测在胃癌病人中的临床价值。方法 收集经病理确诊为胃癌的病人血清40例,以及同期健康体检者血清标本40例。采用基于实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)的方法检测血清lncRNA 00707的相对表达量,采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估血清lncRNA 00707、CEA及CA19-9等指标单独及联合检测对胃癌的诊断效能。结果 RT-qPCR检测lncRNA 00707表达的方法具有较高的重复性和稳定性。胃癌初诊病人血清lncRNA 00707明显高于健康体检者,且lncRNA 00707与CEA联合检测可以提高胃癌的诊断效能。胃癌病人术后血清lncRNA 00707表达水平下降。结论 初诊胃癌病人血清lncRNA 00707的表达水平显著上调,检测血清lncRNA 00707水平可辅助诊断胃癌,有望成为胃癌诊断与治疗的新靶点。     

长非编码RNA H19在结直肠癌化疗敏感性中的作用研究

目的研究长非编码RNA H19在结直肠癌化疗药物敏感性中作用。 方法分别构建lncRNA H19稳定过表达及表达沉默的结肠癌细胞株,分别加入5-FU培养,RT-qPCR检测H19表达,MTT法检测各组细胞增殖率,通过划痕实验检测各组迁移能力;Western blot检测各组细胞凋亡蛋白、耐药蛋白MDR1、MRP1和BCRP表达。 结果与正常细胞比较,lncRNA H19在结直肠癌细胞中表达升高,lncRNA H19稳定过表达组细胞增殖率明显高于H19表达沉默组,lncRNA H19稳定过表达组细胞48 h迁移距离明显大于H19表达沉默组,lncRNA H19稳定过表达组Bax蛋白表达下调,BCL-2、MDR1、MRP1和BCRP表达上调,H19表达沉默组Bax蛋白表达上调,BCL-2、MDR1、MRP1和BCRP表达下调。 结论lncRNA H19高表达的结直肠癌降低结直肠癌对化疗药物的敏感性,下调lncRNA H19表达可提高化疗药物的疗效。     

C-myc基因和P16基因在肝细胞癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨C-myc基因和P16基因表达在肝细胞癌(HCC)中的临床意义。方法采用免疫组化检测技术检测不同肝癌组织、癌旁组织及正常肝组织中的C-myc基因和P16基因表达产物。结果C-myc基因表达产物在肝癌组织中的表达明显高于癌旁组织和正常肝组织(P<0.05)。P16基因表达产物则在正常肝组织中和癌旁组织中表达明显高于肝癌组织(P<0.05)。C-myc基因的表达与HCC的发病年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、UICC分期无关(P>0.05),而与HCC的转移有关(P<0.05);P16基因的表达与HCC的发病年龄、性别、肿瘤大小无关(P>0.05),而与HCC的转移和UICC分期有关(P<0.05)。结论C-myc基因表达增强与P16基因表达障碍能促进HCC的发生发展,并可用来判断预后。     

Control of intraabdominal hemorrhage and shock: a comparison of fluid resuscitation, MAST, and balloon occlusion

Our study examined the efficacy of four treatment modalities in controlling hemorrhage and achieving hemodynamic stabilization in hemorrhagic shock: intravenous fluid replacement (IV); military antishock trousers used concomitantly with fluids (MAST); balloon occlusion at the level of the diaphragm with concomitant fluid replacement (balloon); and a combination of MAST inflation, balloon occlusion, and fluid resuscitation (MAST and balloon). Twenty-eight mongrel dogs were anesthetized, and the spleen was exposed and completely crushed. The abdomen was closed, and treatment was initiated and continued for four hours or until the dog died. For all conditions the hematocrit dropped during the course of the experiment; balloon occlusion was effective at slowing this drop (P less than .0001), but MAST had no statistically significant effect. Animals with balloons bled more slowly into the abdominal cavity than did animals in the other two groups (P less than .0001). MAST also were effective at slowing the bleeding (P less than .05). Of the balloon and the MAST and balloon dogs, all except one survived the entire four hours; this difference between balloon and nonballoon dogs is significant (P = .002). MAST did not have a statistically significant effect on survival. Perfusion pressure (PP) declined during the course of the experiment, and the balloon was effective at slowing this decline (P less than .0001); none of the other comparisons was statistically significant.     

A Call to Action to Enhance Filovirus Disease Outbreak Preparedness and Response

The frequency and magnitude of recognized and declared filovirus-disease outbreaks have increased in recent years, while pathogenic filoviruses are potentially ubiquitous throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Meanwhile, the efficiency and effectiveness of filovirus-disease outbreak preparedness and response efforts are currently limited by inherent challenges and persistent shortcomings. This paper delineates some of these challenges and shortcomings and provides a proposal for enhancing future filovirus-disease outbreak preparedness and response. The proposal serves as a call for prompt action by the organizations that comprise filovirus-disease outbreak response teams, namely, Ministries of Health of outbreak-prone countries, the World Health Organization, Médecins Sans Frontières, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention—Atlanta, and others.     

Interplay between interferon-mediated innate immunity and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Innate immunity is the first line of defense against viral infection, and in turn, viruses have evolved to evade host immune surveillance. As a result, viruses may persist in host and develop chronic infections. Type I interferons (IFN-α/β) are among the most potent antiviral cytokines triggered by viral infections. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a disease of pigs that is characterized by negligible induction of type I IFNs and viral persistence for an extended period. For IFN production, RIG-I/MDA5 and JAK-STAT pathways are two major signaling pathways, and recent studies indicate that PRRS virus is armed to modulate type I IFN responses during infection. This review describes the viral strategies for modulation of type I IFN responses. At least three non-structural proteins (Nsp1, Nsp2, and Nsp11) and a structural protein (N nucleocapsid protein) have been identified and characterized to play roles in the IFN suppression and NF-κB pathways. Nsp's are early proteins while N is a late protein, suggesting that additional signaling pathways may be involved in addition to the IFN pathway. The understanding of molecular bases for virus-mediated modulation of host innate immune signaling will help us design new generation vaccines and control PRRS.     

Disease Pandemics and Major Epidemics Arising From New Encounters between Indigenous Viruses and Introduced Crops

Virus disease pandemics and epidemics that occur in the world’s staple food crops pose a major threat to global food security, especially in developing countries with tropical or subtropical climates. Moreover, this threat is escalating rapidly due to increasing difficulties in controlling virus diseases as climate change accelerates and the need to feed the burgeoning global population escalates. One of the main causes of these pandemics and epidemics is the introduction to a new continent of food crops domesticated elsewhere, and their subsequent invasion by damaging virus diseases they never encountered before. This review focusses on providing historical and up-to-date information about pandemics and major epidemics initiated by spillover of indigenous viruses from infected alternative hosts into introduced crops. This spillover requires new encounters at the managed and natural vegetation interface. The principal virus disease pandemic examples described are two (cassava mosaic, cassava brown streak) that threaten food security in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and one (tomato yellow leaf curl) doing so globally. A further example describes a virus disease pandemic threatening a major plantation crop producing a vital food export for West Africa (cacao swollen shoot). Also described are two examples of major virus disease epidemics that threaten SSA’s food security (rice yellow mottle, groundnut rosette). In addition, brief accounts are provided of two major maize virus disease epidemics (maize streak in SSA, maize rough dwarf in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern regions), a major rice disease epidemic (rice hoja blanca in the Americas), and damaging tomato tospovirus and begomovirus disease epidemics of tomato that impair food security in different world regions. For each pandemic or major epidemic, the factors involved in driving its initial emergence, and its subsequent increase in importance and geographical distribution, are explained. Finally, clarification is provided over what needs to be done globally to achieve effective management of severe virus disease pandemics and epidemics initiated by spillover events.     

Barrett's Esophagus: Where Do We Stand?

Barrett''s esophagus (BE) is a precursor for esophageal adenocarcinoma, which has an increased incidence rate over the last few decades. Its importance stems from the poor five-year survival of esophageal adenocarcinoma and current data that suggest a survival benefit when surveillance programs are implemented. In this review, we will cover the pathophysiology and natural history of BE and the different endoscopic findings. The prevalence of BE in different geographic areas and the incidence of high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma in this patient population is reviewed. Recent recommendation for screening and surveillance of BE has been covered in this review as well as the efficacy of nonconventional imaging modalities and endoscopic ablation therapies.     

The Technology Transfer from Europe to China in the 17th–18th Centuries: Non-Invasive On-Site XRF and Raman Analyses of Chinese Qing Dynasty Enameled Masterpieces Made Using European Ingredients/Recipes

Two masterpieces of the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912 CE), one in gilded brass (incense burner) decorated with cloisonné enamels stylistically attributed to the end of the Kangxi Emperor’s reign, the other in gold (ewer offered by Napoleon III to the Empress as a birthday present), decorated with both cloisonné and painted enamels bearing the mark of the Qianlong Emperor, were non-invasively studied by optical microscopy, Raman microspectroscopy and X-ray microfluorescence spectroscopy (point measurements and mapping) implemented on-site with mobile instruments. The elemental compositions of the metal substrates and enamels are compared. XRF point measurements and mappings support the identification of the coloring phases and elements obtained by Raman microspectroscopy. Attention was paid to the white (opacifier), blue, yellow, green, and red areas. The demonstration of arsenic-based phases (e.g., lead arsenate apatite) in the blue areas of the ewer, free of manganese, proves the use of cobalt imported from Europe. The high level of potassium confirms the use of smalt as the cobalt source. On the other hand, the significant manganese level indicates the use of Asian cobalt ores for the enamels of the incense burner. The very limited use of the lead pyrochlore pigment (European Naples yellow recipes) in the yellow and soft green cloisonné enamels of the Kangxi incense burner, as well as the use of traditional Chinese recipes for other colors (white, turquoise, dark green, red), reinforces the pioneering character of this object in technical terms at the 17th–18th century turn. The low level of lead in the cloisonné enamels of the incense burner may also be related to the use of European recipes. On the contrary, the Qianlong ewer displays all the enameling techniques imported from Europe to obtain a painted decoration of exceptional quality with the use of complex lead pyrochlore pigments, with or without addition of zinc, as well as cassiterite opacifier.