Castleman病的MSCT表现(附20例报告)

目的 分析Castleman病(CD)MSCT表现,提高对Castleman病影像特征的认识及诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析20例病理确诊Castleman病患者资料,观察患者性别、年龄、临床表现及影像学表现.结果 本组20例中,女13例,男7例,年龄15～73岁.单发病灶14例,多发病灶6例.病变累及颈部及腋窝8例,纵隔及肺门8例,肝门区、后腹膜及腹主动脉旁7例,右侧颜面部1例.MSCT表现:透明血管型Castleman病平扫表现为密度均匀软组织影,圆形或类圆形,边界清楚;增强扫描病灶动脉期呈中度强化,实质期明显均匀强化,与周围血管强化相似.浆细胞型平扫表现为圆形或类圆形软组织密度灶,密度均匀,边界清楚,多发病灶者相互不融合;增强扫描病灶表现为动脉期呈轻、中度不均匀强化,以边缘强化明显,实质期部分病灶强化稍减退.结论 透明血管型CD有特征性MSCT表现.浆细胞型CD缺乏特征性影像学表现,确诊依赖病理检查.     

肝腺瘤多排螺旋CT诊断及鉴别诊断

目的 分析肝细胞腺瘤多排螺旋CT表现,提高其诊断准确性.方法 回顾性分析13例经手术或穿刺活检病理证实的肝细胞腺瘤多排螺旋CT表现.结果 9例肝细胞腺瘤平扫呈等或稍低密度影,边缘清楚.增强后9例动脉期明显均匀强化,门脉期及延迟期持续强化,1例无明显强化,始终为相对低密度影,1例呈环状强化.1例病灶较大(171 mm×109 mm),内见片状坏死和出血,增强扫描动脉期实质部分呈轻度强化,囊变坏死及出血无强化,门脉期及延迟期实质部分持续强化,且强化程度高于动脉期.另外1例有乙肝病史,增强扫描动脉期明显不均匀强化,门脉期持续强化,但强化程度有所下降.结论 多排螺旋CT平扫加三期增强扫描对肝腺瘤诊断颇具价值.     

恶性肝脏血管外皮细胞瘤MRI表现

目的:探讨恶性肝脏血管外皮细胞瘤的MRI表现,提高该病的诊断准确率.方法:回顾性分析5例经手术病理证实的恶性肝脏血管外皮细胞瘤患者.所有患者均行MRI平扫及三期动态增强检查.结果:5例患者中肿瘤多发1例,表现为2个结节样病灶,其余4例均为单发.MRI检查5例患者,T1WI病灶表现为边界清楚的不均匀低信号块状影.T2WI病灶呈混杂高信号,中心可见更高信号区,增强后动脉期病灶边缘不均匀轻度强化,病灶中心可见不规则无强化低信号区,门脉期及延迟期病灶边缘仍继续强化,病灶中心低信号区始终无强化.结论:平扫及动态增强MRI能在一定程度上反映恶性肝脏血管外皮细胞瘤的影像学特点,提高了该病的诊断准确率.     

肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT特征

目的:探讨肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT表现及特征。方法:回顾性分析经手术或穿刺活检证实的7例肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT表现。结果:7例肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤,共发现8个病灶。CT平扫均表现为低密度,其中4个病灶内可测得脂肪密度,CT值<-20HU,1个病灶内可见略高密度出血区及低密度囊变区。增强扫描动脉期8个病灶均显著强化,其中7个病灶为团片状不均匀强化,1个病灶为均匀强化。门脉期6个病灶持续或渐进性强化。5例加行延迟扫描,其中4个病灶仍持续强化。动脉期和/或门脉期6个病灶可见中心血管影。结论:肿瘤内含脂肪成分、动脉期显著不均匀强化、门脉期和延迟期持续或渐进性强化及中心血管影是肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的特征性CT表现。     

腹盆腔炎性肌纤维细胞瘤CT表现与临床病理特征

目的 探讨腹盆腔炎性肌纤维细胞瘤(IMT)的CT表现及临床病理学特征。方法 选取经手术病理证实的9例IMT,分析临床特征及影像学表现。结果 9例IMT患者中CT平扫4例密度均匀，呈等密度影；3例呈等低混杂密度影，伴有囊变坏死，1例病灶边缘伴线样钙化影。CT增强6例动脉期呈轻至中度强化，静脉期呈现持续性强化，2例动脉期可见小血管强化影；1例动脉期呈中度以上强化，静脉期持续性强化。4例病灶内实性部分呈结节、片絮状强化伴不同程度的黏液变性区，2例呈环形强化。5例肿瘤边界清晰，4例肿瘤边缘不规则，可见范围不等的小片状或晕状渗出模糊影。4例病灶周边脏器不同程度受压、移位；2例肝脏转移、腹盆腔转移及腹壁侵犯。随访9例均无瘤生存，2例复发均手术切除。结论 腹盆腔IMT的CT表现具有多样性，其影像学表现在一定程度上可反映病理学特征。     

CT finding of rare primary malignant tumor of the liver

目的:探讨肝脏少见原发性恶性肿瘤的CT表现特点.方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的8例肝脏少见原发性恶性肿瘤的CT表现并复习相关文献.结果:血管肉瘤3例(巨块结节型2例,弥漫多结节型1例),平扫呈不均匀低密度,2例内部见云絮状稍高密度影;增强扫描动脉期,巨块结节型主灶呈斑片状不均匀强化,弥漫多结节型呈结节状强化,门脉期及延迟期病灶均呈持续向心性强化.恶性纤维组织细胞瘤4例,平扫以等密度为主,夹杂条带状低密度区;3例增强扫描动脉期轻度不均匀强化,门脉期及延迟期强化程度下降,另1例动脉期呈轻度强化,门脉期强化程度增高,延迟期强化度减低.上皮样血管内皮瘤1例,CT平扫呈较均匀低密度影;增强扫描动脉期呈不规则环形强化,门脉期强化程度增高且向中央扩展,延迟期肿瘤均匀强化且程度降低.结论:CT平扫+三期增强扫描并结合临床资料可提高肝脏少见原发性恶性肿瘤的诊断率,确诊仍需依靠病理学检查.     

肝脏少见原发性恶性肿瘤的CT表现

目的:探讨肝脏少见原发性恶性肿瘤的CT表现特点。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的8例肝脏少见原发性恶性肿瘤的CT表现并复习相关文献。结果:血管肉瘤3例(巨块结节型2例,弥漫多结节型1例),平扫呈不均匀低密度,2例内部见云絮状稍高密度影;增强扫描动脉期,巨块结节型主灶呈斑片状不均匀强化,弥漫多结节型呈结节状强化,门脉期及延迟期病灶均呈持续向心性强化。恶性纤维组织细胞瘤4例,平扫以等密度为主,夹杂条带状低密度区;3例增强扫描动脉期轻度不均匀强化,门脉期及延迟期强化程度下降,另1例动脉期呈轻度强化,门脉期强化程度增高,延迟期强化度减低。上皮样血管内皮瘤1例,CT平扫呈较均匀低密度影;增强扫描动脉期呈不规则环形强化,门脉期强化程度增高且向中央扩展,延迟期肿瘤均匀强化且程度降低。结论:CT平扫+三期增强扫描并结合临床资料可提高肝脏少见原发性恶性肿瘤的诊断率,确诊仍需依靠病理学检查。     

不典型肝内胆管细胞癌的CT表现

目的 分析不典型肝内胆管细胞癌(intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,ICC)的CT表现,提高对此类ICC的认识.方法 收集经手术病理证实的不典型ICC 14例,回顾性分析ICC的CT表现.结果 3例CT平扫表现为分叶状稍低密度影,增强动脉期呈明显花环状强化,门脉期强化范围扩大且向病灶中心扩展,肝内胆管无扩张.3例可见肝内胆管显著软藤状扩张,但均未显示明确占位性病变.5例CT平扫为分叶状稍低密度占位,增强动脉期病灶边缘花环状强化,门脉期强化减退且边缘毛糙且不规则.2例ICC发生于成人胆总管囊肿患者,癌灶均显示不清.1例CT平扫表现为稍低密度肿块影,增强扫描呈“速升速降”型强化.结论 不典型ICC的CT表现较为特殊,仔细分析其特点可避免误诊或漏诊.     

原发性肝类癌的CT及MRI表现

目的 探讨原发性肝类癌的CT及MRI表现.方法 回顾性分析2003年12月至2008年11月间11例经手术病理证实的原发性肝类癌患者资料.4例行CT检查,8例行MRI检查,分析其影像表现特征.结果 11例中肿瘤多发2例,表现为2个或2个以上的结节状病灶,其余9例均为单发.CT检查4例患者病灶均表现为平扫边界清楚低密度,中心可见不规则更低密度区;增强后动脉期病灶实质部分不均匀强化,中心更低密度区无强化,门静脉期及延迟期病灶边缘仍轻度强化,强化程度较动脉期减低,中心坏死区始终无强化.MRI 8例患者中7例T_1WI表现为边界清楚的不均匀低信号,T_2WI病灶呈高信号,中心可见不规则低信号;增强后动脉期病灶边缘不均匀强化,病灶中心可见不规则无强化低信号区,门静脉期及延迟期病灶边缘仍轻度强化,边缘显示不清,病灶中心无强化低信号区范围较动脉期缩小.1例患者T_1WI表现为边界清楚的囊状低信号影,囊内可见高信号,T_2WI病灶呈高信号;增强后动脉期病灶边缘不均匀强化,门静脉期及延迟期呈低信号.结论 平扫和动态增强CT扫描及MRI能反映原发性肝类癌的影像特点,具有一定特征性.     

肝脏局灶性结节增生的CT多期扫描表现及病理对照研究

目的：评价多层螺旋CT（MSCT）多期扫描对肝脏局灶性结节增生的临床诊断价值。方法回顾性分析12例经病理确诊为肝脏局灶性结节增生的患者,对其MSCT的平扫、动脉期、门脉期及延迟期共4期扫描图像进行分析,并与病理结果进行对照研究。结果本组12例病例男女比例为7∶5,年龄20~65岁,平均年龄34岁。12例患者均进行CT四期扫描,共观察到病灶12个,病灶位于肝脏左外叶2个,左内叶3个,右前叶4个,右后叶3个,最大平面直径范围为1．7~4．8 cm,平均（3．1±1．3）cm。病灶CT平扫呈等密度5个,低密度7个,等密度者无法显示病灶边缘,低密度者2例病灶边界清楚,5例病灶边界显示模糊,其中可见更低密度瘢痕组织3例。CT增强动脉期显示12例病灶均呈明显强化,其中5例可见中央瘢痕或条索状低密度影,中间瘢痕组织无强化,11例病灶边界显示清晰,均未见包膜;门脉期病灶较动脉期密度降低,但仍较肝脏组织密度高,中间瘢痕组织无明显强化,仍呈低密度;延迟期病灶呈等密度为主,瘢痕组织可见强化,与病灶呈等密度分辨不清。结论MSCT多期扫描在肝脏局灶性结节增生的影像表现方面有一定的特征性,在诊断及鉴别诊断中有很好的作用,但确诊还需要病理诊断。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.