蒙药清肝九味散对酒精性肝炎患者血清基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1水平的影响

目的 研究蒙药清肝九味散对酒精性肝炎患者血清基质金属蛋白酶抑制(TIMP) -1 的影响。方法 选取2015年1月～2016年4月期间在内蒙古民族大学附属医院门诊就诊的60例酒精性肝炎患者,随机分为观察组30例和对照组30例。给予观察组患者清肝九味散3.0 口服,1次/d,治疗4 w;给予对照组患者还原型谷胱甘肽0.4口服,3次/d,治疗4 w。采用ELISA法检测血清TIMP-1水平。结果 在治疗4 w结束时,观察组和对照组血清AST分别为[（67.2±19.7） U/L 和（69.4±20.5） U/L,P＞0.05],ALT为[（35.2±18.2） U/L 和（34.6±17.4） U/L,P＞0.05],GGT为[（68.9±19.1） U/L 和（71.2±23.1） U/L,P＞0.05], TIMP-1为[（12.67±2.14） ng/ml 和（12.51±1.81） ng/ml,P＞0.05]。结论 蒙药清肝九味散对血清TIMP-1水平有一定的影响,其远期作用还需要观察。     

壳脂胶囊治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的效果观察

目的观察壳脂胶囊对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的临床疗效及安全性。方法选取2013年11月-2015年12月于上海市第八人民医院就诊的非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)患者100例,随机分为治疗组、对照组各50例,分别予壳脂胶囊和多烯磷脂酰胆碱胶囊,疗程24周。观察两组治疗前后肝功能、血脂水平及肝/脾CT值的变化。计量资料组间比较采用两独立样本的t检验,组内比较采用配对样本t检验,计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。结果两组患者治疗后AST[(49.2±21.7)U/L vs(119.5±44.2)U/L,t=10.0,P0.01;(52.4±33.1)U/L vs(115.2±48.3)U/L,t=7.6,P0.01]、ALT[(41.8±14.8)U/L vs(92.8±42.1)U/L,t=8.1,P0.01;(42.9±16.6)U/L vs(95.3±40.4)U/L,t=8.5,P0.01]、GGT[(52.3±23.7)U/L vs(168.4±85.9)U/L,t=9.2,P0.01;(54.8±30.2)U/L vs(177.6±88.7)U/L,t=9.3,P0.01]、TG[(1.78±1.01)mmol/L vs(3.52±2.35)mmol/L,t=4.8,P0.01;(2.51±1.08)mmol/L vs(3.65±2.43)mmol/L,t=3.0,P=0.02]、TC[(3.81±1.28)mmol/L vs(6.13±5.22)mmol/L,t=3.0,P=0.02;(3.63±1.39)mmol/L vs(5.27±4.54)mmol/L,t=2.6,P=0.03]水平及肝/脾CT比值[肝/脾CT比值:(0.94±0.16)vs(0.74±0.18),t=5.8,P0.01;(0.89±0.13)vs(0.70±0.20),t=5.6,P0.01]均较各自治疗前均明显改善。治疗结束时,治疗组在TC、TG水平下降较对照组更为明显,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为3.5、2.8,P值均0.01)。结论壳脂胶囊能有效改善肝功能,降低血脂水平,减轻肝脂肪变性程度,且无明显毒副作用。     

恩替卡韦联合胸腺肽治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者的临床效果

目的研究HBe Ag阳性慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者应用恩替卡韦(ETV)联合胸腺肽治疗的临床疗效。方法纳入2012年3月-2015年3月于上海市第八人民医院传染病科就诊的HBe Ag阳性CHB患者108例,根据平行、单盲、随机对照原则分为对照组(54例)和观察组(54例)。两组均接受内科综合治疗,对照组单用ETV治疗,观察组应用ETV联合胸腺肽治疗。对比两组肝功能指标、病毒学指标、免疫指标及肝纤维化指标变化。计量资料组间比较采用t检验,计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。结果治疗48周后,观察组的肝功能指标(Alb/Glo、ALT、AST、TBil)与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义[(1.73±0.57)vs(1.50±0.51)、(42.58±14.32)U/L vs(54.26±18.78)U/L、(35.79±10.33)U/L vs(49.97±17.84)U/L、(18.89±6.02)μmol/L vs(25.24±9.06)μmol/L,t值分别为2.210、3.634、5.055、4.290,P值均0.05];治疗48周后,观察组的肝纤维化指标(层黏连蛋白、透明质酸、Ⅳ型胶原片段、Ⅲ型前胶原)与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义[(65.34±11.02)ng/ml vs(102.57±16.41)ng/ml、(91.68±11.53)ng/ml vs(151.23±16.71)ng/ml、(81.02±12.64)μg/ml vs(118.47±18.01)μg/ml、(70.44±13.06)μg/ml vs(91.57±17.16)μg/ml,t值分别为13.840、21.555、12.507、7.200,P值均0.001];治疗12、24及48周时,观察组HBe Ag阴转率分别为29.63%、46.30%、57.41%,显著高于对照组的12.96%、22.22%、25.93%(χ2值分别为4.475、6.948、11.009,P值均0.05);治疗48周后观察组的血清IL-4为(2.69±1.23)pg/ml,显著低于对照组的(4.38±1.44)pg/ml(t=6.558,P0.001),IFNγ水平为(1.82±0.89)pg/ml,显著高于对照组的(1.12±0.56)pg/ml(t=4.812,P0.001);观察组的不良反应率为3.70%,与对照组的1.85%比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.343,P=0.558)。结论 HBe Ag阳性CHB患者应用恩替卡韦联合胸腺肽治疗能够促进肝功能康复,调节免疫功能,提高HBe Ag阴转率并抑制肝纤维化进程。     

替诺福韦酯联合鳖甲煎丸对乙型肝炎肝硬化的疗效

目的研究替诺福韦酯联合鳖甲煎丸对乙型肝炎肝硬化的疗效。方法选取2015年1月至2018年1月湛江中心人民医院收治的186例乙型肝炎肝硬化患者进行前瞻性研究,采用随机抽签法平均分成试验组和对照组,每组93例。对照组予以替诺福韦酯(300 mg/d)治疗,试验组在对照组的基础上加用鳖甲煎丸(口服,3 g/次,3次/d)治疗,均连续治疗12个月。比较两组治疗前后天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、血清白蛋白(albumin,ALB)、总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBil)、透明质酸(hyaluronic acid,HA)、层粘连蛋白(laminin,LN)、Ⅳ型胶原(typeⅣcollagen,Ⅳ-C)、Ⅲ型前胶原(typeⅢprocollagen,PCⅢ)、血清C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、肝癌发病率及病死率的差异。结果治疗12个月后,试验组AST [(65.17±12.39)U/L vs(97.05±18.63)U/L]、ALT [(70.31±11.38)U/L vs(106.83±14.38)U/L]、TBil [(27.30±4.21)μmol/L vs(48.16±6.08)μmol/L]、HA [(102.75±15.44)mg/L vs(152.46±17.08)mg/L]、LN [(100.88±16.32)μg/ml vs(153.72±17.07)μg/ml]、Ⅳ-C [(95.32±11.74)μg/L vs(122.59±13.18)μg/L]、PCⅢ[(100.14±12.56)μg/L vs(152.98±15.41)μg/L]、CRP [(3.28±1.56)mg/L vs(5.11±2.04)mg/L]、TNF-α[(22.17±8.01)μg/L vs(31.95±8.23)μg/L]及IL-1β[(6.57±1.47)ng/L vs(10.18±3.01)ng/L]均显著低于对照组(P均0.05),而ALB[(38.92±4.37)g/L vs(33.65±3.84)g/L]水平显著高于对照组(t=8.726,P 0.001)。试验组患者肝癌发病率为3.23%(3/93),病死率为2.15%(2/93),对照组患者肝癌发病率为4.30%(4/93),病死率为3.23%(3/93),差异均无统计学意义(χ2=0.148、0.206,P=0.700、0.650)。结论替诺福韦酯联合鳖甲煎丸治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化的疗效显著,有利于改善患者的纤维化指标及炎症反应。     

索拉非尼治疗原发性肝癌的效果及对患者血清血管内皮生长因子受体2、胎盘生长因子水平的影响

目的探究索拉非尼治疗原发性肝癌(PHC)的临床效果及其对患者血清血管内皮生长因子受体(VEGFR)2和胎盘生长因子(PLGF)水平的影响。方法选取2014年7月-2016年3月在复旦大学附属金山医院接受治疗并确诊为PHC的患者110例,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组各55例。对照组给予常规治疗,试验组在常规治疗的基础上服用索拉非尼。采用ELISA检测2组患者血清VEGFR-2、PLGF水平,收集患者肝功能指标(AST、PT、TBil、Alb、ALT)。计量资料2组间比较采用独立样本t检验,组内干预前、后比较采用配对样本t检验;计数资料2组间比较采用χ2检验。结果试验组患者治疗后血清VEGFR-2、PLGF水平与治疗前相比均显著下降[(7053.2±1836.1)ng/L vs(8721.4±2427.8)ng/L,t=4.089,P0.001;(468.4±136.5)pg/ml vs(656.8±191.4)pg/ml,t=5.975,P0.001];试验组治疗后VEGFR-2、PLGF水平均显著低于对照组患者治疗后水平[(7053.2±1836.1)ng/L vs(8097.5±2325.4)ng/L,t=2.64,P0.05;(468.4±136.5)pg/ml vs(643.3±195.8)pg/ml,t=2.48,P0.05];试验组患者治疗前后AST、ALT水平比较差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为4.302、3.097,P值均0.05),治疗后试验组患者AST、ALT水平均显著低于对照组治疗后水平(t值分别为2.56、2.39,P值均0.05)。与对照组相比,试验组患者随访结果较好,患者病情控制率增加,差异有统计学意义(27.3%vs 47.3%,χ2=4.705,P=0.030);40个月试验组患者治疗后总生存率较高(43.6%vs69.1%,χ2=7.245,P=0.007)。结论索拉非尼对PHC患者的治疗结果较好,可显著降低患者血清VEGFR-2、PLGF水平,并且可以显著增长患者确诊后的生存时间和预后效果。     

熊去氧胆酸联合甘草酸二铵治疗原发性 胆汁性胆管炎的效果观察

目的对比熊去氧胆酸(UDCA)联合甘草酸二铵与单用UDCA治疗原发性胆汁性胆管炎(PBC)的生化学应答和肝脏硬度变化情况。方法选取2014年1月-2016年3月就诊于河北医科大学第三医院中西医结合肝病科的PBC患者66例,均行FibroTouch检测,以肝脏硬度值表示肝纤维化程度,对比分析UDCA联合甘草酸二铵与单用UDCA治疗PBC患者4、12、24和48周的肝生化学应答和治疗24、48周后肝脏硬度值变化情况。两组间计量资料比较采用两独立样本t检验,治疗前后生化学指标及肝脏硬度值比较采用配对t检验。结果 UDCA联合甘草酸二铵治疗组与单用UDCA对照组比较,联合治疗组AST水平在治疗后4周[(38. 4±15. 4) U/L vs (61. 6±28. 8) U/L,t=2. 684,P=0. 012]、12周[(36. 4±12. 6) U/L vs (58. 1±24. 8) U/L,t=2. 953,P=0. 006)]、24周[(37. 0±8. 5) U/L vs (52. 9±17. 2) U/L,t=3. 134,P=0. 004]、48周[(34. 9±7. 9) U/L vs (48. 6±12. 7) U/L,t=3. 242,P=0. 003]均显著低于对照组;联合治疗组ALP水平在治疗24周[(91. 6±15. 1) U/L vs (137. 3±55. 6) U/L,t=2. 970,P=0. 006]、48周[(71. 3±14. 7) U/L vs (128. 7±45. 5) U/L,t=4. 503,P 0. 001]均显著低于对照组。对照组、联合治疗组肝脏硬度值治疗后24周[(12. 9±6. 8) kPa vs (13. 9±7. 6) kPa,t=4. 814,P 0. 001;(13. 4±7. 0) k Pa vs (15. 8±9. 7) k Pa,t=3. 031,P=0. 010)]、48周[(12. 6±6. 4) kPa vs (13. 9±7. 6) kPa,t=3. 928,P=0. 010;(12. 0±5. 7) k Pa vs (15. 8±9. 7) k Pa,t=3. 044,P=0. 010)]均较治疗前显著降低;但两组之间肝脏硬度值在治疗24周、48周无显著差异(P值均 0. 05)。结论 UDCA联合甘草酸二铵治疗PBC可改善患者的血清生化学应答反应,优于单用UDCA治疗,两组治疗24周、48周肝脏硬度值较治疗前有显著下降,有利于病情稳定。FibroTouch在PBC患者定期随访监测时对判断肝纤维化有无进展有一定的应用价值。     

蒙药清肝九味散治疗酒精性肝纤维化的效果观察

目的观察蒙药清肝九味散对酒精性肝纤维化患者影像学指标的改善情况,探讨清肝九味散治疗肝纤维化的疗效。方法收集2015年10月-2017年1月期间内蒙古通辽市科尔沁区第一人民医院消化内科病房及门诊就诊的酒精性肝纤维化患者104例,随机分为试验组(n=52)和对照组(n=52)。实验组给予蒙药清肝九味散,对照组给予还原型谷胱甘肽片。收集患者治疗前、后的肝功能指标、肝脾超声检查结果及Fibro Scan检测的肝硬度值(LSM)。符合正态分布的计量资料组间比较采用独立样本t检验,组内比较采用配对样本t检验;非正态分布的计量资料组间比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验。结果 2组患者临床症状及体征均有不同程度改善,试验组与对照组患者治疗前后ALT、AST、GGT、LSM水平比较差异均有统计学意义(试验组:Z值分别为-3.09、-7.19、-8.27,t=7.13,P值分别0.002、0.001、0.001、0.001;对照组:Z值分别为-3.28、-4.60、-5.06,t=8.54,P值分别为0.001、0.001、0.001、0.001);治疗后试验组与对照组AST、GGT水平比较差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-2.02、-2.15,P值分别为0.04、0.03);试验组与对照组患者治疗前后肝右叶斜径、门静脉内径、门静脉速度、脾厚度、脾静脉内径比较差异均有统计学意义(试验组:t值分别为6.48、11.02、2.20、3.30、5.30,P值分别为0.001、0.001、0.030、0.001、0.001;对照组:t值分别为3.51、6.31、2.68、3.06、4.71,P值分别为0.01、0.001、0.01、0.001、0.001);治疗后2组间肝右叶斜径、门静脉内径比较差异均有统计学(t值分别为3.96、3.53,P值分别为0.02、0.01)。结论蒙药清肝九味散治疗酒精性肝纤维化具有较好的疗效,能够有效改善酒精性肝纤维化患者LSM和腹部彩超等影像学相关指标。     

二甲双胍、阿卡波糖及西格列汀治疗2型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪性肝病的疗效

目的比较二甲双胍、阿卡波糖及西格列汀治疗2型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪性肝病(nonalcoholicfattyliverdisease,NAFLD)患者的临床效果。方法选择2016年9月到2018年9月于宝鸡市第二人民医院就诊的2型糖尿病合并NAFLD患者240例,采用随机数字表将其分为阿卡波糖组、西格列汀组及二甲双胍组,每组80例。所有患者均给予饮食控制及运动指导,二甲双胍组服用二甲双胍0.5g/次,3次/d;阿卡波糖组服用阿卡波糖50mg/次,3次/d;西格列汀组服用西格列汀100mg/次,1次/d;3组患者均治疗6个月。检测3组患者空腹血糖(fastingplasmaglucose,FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2 h postprandial blood glucose,2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c)、空腹胰岛素水平(fasting insulin,FIns)、胰岛素抵抗指数(homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistanceindex,HOMA-IR)、血清脂联素(adiponecti,ADN)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartateaminotransferase,AST)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-glutamyl transpeptidase,γ-GT)、肝脂肪含量及受控衰减参数(controlled attenuation parameters,CAP);统计3组患者治疗期间不良反应(包括头疼、腹泻、恶心及低血糖)发生率。结果治疗前,二甲双胍组、阿卡波糖组及西格列汀组患者的性别[男性:43(53.75%)vs 41(51.25%)vs 40(50.00%)]、年龄[(51.24±5.15)岁vs(51.13±5.11)岁vs(51.08±5.10)岁]、糖尿病病程[(4.37±0.43)年vs(4.26±0.43)年vs(4.42±0.44)年]、轻度脂肪肝比例[33(41.25%)vs 31(38.75%)vs 35(43.75%)]、FPG [(7.43±0.74)mmol/L vs(7.59±0.76)mmol/L vs(7.52±0.75)mmol/L]、2h PG [(12.34±1.21)mmol/L vs(12.34±1.23)mmol/L vs(12.25±1.22)mmol/L]、HbA1c [0.0821±0.0082 vs 0.0843±0.0084 vs 0.0836±0.0083]、FIns [(10.55±1.06)m IU/L vs(10.39±1.04)mIU/L vs(10.46±1.05)mIU/L]、AST [(67.18±6.72)U/L vs(67.05±6.71)U/L vs(67.23±6.72)U/L]、ALT [(56.24±5.62)U/L vs(56.11±5.61)U/L vs(56.38±5.64)U/L]、γ-GT [(62.18±6.21)U/L vs(61.89±6.19)U/L vs(62.05±6.20)U/L]、HOMA-IR [3.50±0.52 vs 3.51±0.53 vs 3.50±0.52]、ADN[(456.38±45.64)ng/mlvs(452.95±45.29)ng/mlvs(454.67±45.46)ng/ml]、肝脂肪含量[(13.17±2.32)%vs(13.06±2.31)%vs(13.14±2.31)%]及CAP [(274.38±27.44)dB/m vs(275.16±27.52)dB/m vs (273.08±27.31)dB/m]的差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。治疗后,二甲双胍组、阿卡波糖组及西格列汀组患者FPG [(6.42±0.64)mmol/L vs(6.11±0.61)mmol/L vs(5.66±0.56)mmol/L]、2h PG [(10.38±1.04)mmol/L vs(9.42±0.95)mmol/L vs(8.77±0.88)mmol/L]、HbA1c [0.0749±0.0074 vs 0.0679±0.0068 vs 0.0631±0.0063]、FIns [(9.43±0.94)mIU/L vs(9.11±0.91)mIU/L vs(8.52±0.85)mIU/L]、HOMA-IR [2.70±0.40 vs 2.47±0.35 vs 2.14±0.30]、ADN[(582.49±58.25)ng/ml vs(643.62±64.36)ng/ml vs(748.39±74.84)ng/ml]、AST [(44.59±4.46)U/L vs(40.36±4.04)U/L vs(36.14±3.61)U/L]、ALT [(42.58±4.26)U/L vs(40.33±4.03)U/L vs(38.79±3.88)U/L]、γ-GT [(45.38±4.54)U/L vs(40.83±4.08)U/L vs(35.46±3.55)U/L]、肝脂肪含量[(10.26±1.03)%vs(8.77±0.88)%vs(7.15±0.72)%]及CAP [(250.23±25.02)d B/m vs(241.63±24.16)d B/m vs(233.09±23.31)dB/m],差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。西格列汀组FPG、2h PG、HbA1c、FIns、HOMA-IR、AST、ALT、γ-GT、肝脂肪含量及CAP值水平均显著低于其他2组,ADN水平高于其他2组,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。二甲双胍组、阿卡波糖组和西格列汀组患者不良反应发生率分别为17.50%(14/80)、13.75%(11/80)、11.25%(9/80),差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.300,P=0.522)。西格列汀组患者治疗后FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、 FIns、HOMA-IR、ADN、AST、ALT、γ-GT、肝脂肪含量和CAP均显著低于治疗前(P均0.001)。结论西格列汀治疗2型糖尿病合并NAFLD疗效较好且可有效改善肝功能。     

解剖性肝切除术治疗肝内胆管结石的效果观察

目的探讨解剖性肝切除术在治疗肝内胆管结石中的疗效。方法回顾性分析2013年7月-2015年12月于遵义医学院附属医院行肝切除术的117例肝内胆管结石病患者的临床资料,其中行解剖性肝切除66例(试验组)、非规则性肝切除51例(对照组)。记录患者手术时间,术中出血量,术后当日引流量,术后第3天血清AST、ALT及TBil值,术后住院时间,以及出院后2个月~2年患者的一般情况,肝功能指标,腹部B超、CT或MRI检查结果,统计有无结石残留、复发情况。计量资料组间比较采用t检验,计数资料组间比较采用χ~2检验。结果试验组的手术时间显著长于对照组[(303.1±51.6)min vs(246.5±36.2)min,t=6.963,P0.01),但是与对照组相比,其术中出血量少[(467.9±80.6)ml vs(565.9±92.0)ml,t=6.026,P0.01]、术后当日引流量少[(212.6±54.9)ml vs(358.3±69.4)ml,t=12.682,P0.01]、术后并发症少(10.6%vs 25.5%,χ~2=4.497,P=0.034)、术后残石率低(4.5%vs 15.7%,χ~2=4.192,P=0.041)、住院时间短[(13.4±2.6)d vs(21.9±3.2)d,t=15.427,P0.01],试验组术后第3天血清AST、ALT、TBil水平均显著低于对照组[AST:(62.7±25.4)U/L vs(114.8±37.0)U/L,t=9.024,P0.01;ALT:(91.3±35.7)U/L vs(149.5±53.3)U/L,t=7.067,P0.01;TBil:(31.8±10.4)μmol/L vs(51.3±14.3)μmol/L,t=8.531,P0.01]。结论解剖性肝切除在尽可能保留残肝功能的前提下,做到彻底清除病灶,具有术后残石率及复发率低、术后恢复快等特点,其疗效优于非规则性肝切除。     

六味五灵片联合丹参注射液治疗乙型肝炎肝纤维化疗效观察

目的:观察六味五灵片联合丹参注射液治疗乙肝肝纤维化的临床疗效。方法:78例慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化患者随机分为治疗组和对照组(各39例)。对照组患者采用丹参注射液30 ml,加入10%葡萄糖注射液250 ml静脉滴注,一次/d,治疗组患者在对照组基础上加服六味五灵片1.5g,3次/d,两组患者均以30天为1个疗程。结果:30天后,治疗组患者的ALT、TBiL水平分别为(56.99±23.47)U/L和(17.31±2.57)μmol/L,均低于对照组[(78.55±47.43)U/L和(20.11±2.64)μmol/L,P0.05,而A/G比值高于对照组(1.37±0.25)vs.(1.25±0.19),P0.01。治疗后两组患者肝纤维化指标PCIII、HA、LN均有所下降,且治疗组的下降幅度大于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:六味五灵片联合丹参注射液可显著改善乙型肝炎肝纤维化患者的肝功能,提高临床疗效。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.