跟腱再断裂的修复

跟腱断裂修复术后 ,由于感染、修复、或功能康复方法不当易导致跟腱再次断裂。二次修复由于常伴有感染、皮肤或跟腱缺损 ,其修复较为困难。我院于 1992年～ 2 0 0 0年共收治此类患者 17例 ,均手术治疗 ,术后随访 1～ 7年 ,效果满意 ,报告如下。1　临床资料本组 17例 ,男 12例 ,女 5例。年龄 19～ 5 6岁。左侧 7例 ,右侧 10例。第一次修复术至二次手术时间 :2周以内 5例 ,2～ 6周 9例 ,6周以上 3例。再断裂原因 :切口感染及皮肤坏死导致的跟腱液化断裂 7例 ,修复方法欠牢固 3例 ,术后跌倒致断裂 4例 ,去石膏后功能锻炼不当断裂 3例 ;跟腱缺损…     

经通道辅助缝合系统微创修复急性闭合跟腱断裂的疗效观察

目的探讨经通道辅助缝合系统(channel-assisted minimally invasive repair,CAMIR)微创修复急性闭合跟腱断裂的疗效。方法 2011年1月-2012年6月,收治30例(30侧)急性闭合跟腱断裂患者。男18例,女12例;年龄22~50岁,平均30.4岁。左侧10例,右侧20例。均为运动损伤。B超检查示跟腱完全断裂;断端距跟骨止点2~8 cm,平均4.4 cm。受伤距手术时间3 h~9 d,中位时间4 d。术中在CAMIR辅助下采用改良Bunnel缝合法修复断裂跟腱。结果手术时间10~25 min,平均17.0 min;切口长1.5~2.5 cm,平均2.0 cm。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无切口感染、下肢深静脉血栓形成、腓肠神经损伤及跟腱再断裂等并发症发生。患者均获随访,随访时间12~24个月,平均16个月。末次随访时患者行走正常,提踵有力,均恢复至跟腱断裂前活动水平。MRI示跟腱愈合、连续;患侧与健侧小腿周径差均小于1 cm,踝关节背伸20~30°、跖屈20~30°。按照Arner Lindholm疗效评定标准,获优28例,良2例,优良率100%。结论 CAMIR辅助微创修复急性闭合跟腱断裂具有对合可靠、创伤小、再断裂及感染率低等优点,最大限度避免了腓肠神经损伤的发生。     

改良跟腱内侧弧形切口治疗闭合性陈旧性跟腱断裂的临床疗效

目的探讨采用改良跟腱内侧弧形切口在闭合性陈旧性跟腱断裂手术治疗中的临床疗效。方法 2011年1月至2017年5月我科收治闭合性陈旧性跟腱断裂患者20例,男14例,女6例;年龄20~51岁,平均(37.7±8.9)岁;踢足球12例,打篮球3例,打羽毛球2例,跑步1例,跳高1例,下楼梯1例。受伤至入院时间为4~8周,平均(5.0±1.3)周。手术采取改良跟腱内侧弧形切口治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂,术后观察切口皮肤情况,出院后根据Arner-Lindholm评分标准进行随访评价。结果术后随访4~36个月,平均16个月。术后切口均为Ⅰ期甲级愈合,未见切口皮肤坏死、感染及深部感染,无跟腱再次断裂发生,根据Arner-Lindholm评分标准评定,优19例,良1例。结论采取改良跟腱内侧弧形切口治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂,可有效保护腱周血运,避免皮肤切口的相关并发症。     

腓骨长肌腱移位修复陈旧性跟腱断裂16例体会

跟腱断裂在小腿和足部肌腱损伤中较常见,陈旧性跟腱断裂手术修复较困难。笔者于2001年2月~2007年7月,利用腓骨长肌腱移位重建跟腱术治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂16例,取得满意效果。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组16例,男14例,女2例;年龄16~48岁。左侧4例,右侧12例;闭合性损伤15例,开放性1例;     

跟腱断裂再手术原因分析及对策

跟腱断裂是临床上较为常见的损伤,处理得当则预后良好,如果处理不够规范则可能出现较为棘手的并发症,需再次手术。现将1992~2005年收治的17例跟腱断裂再手术患者的病因及治疗情况分析报告如下。1临床资料1·1一般资料本组17例,男10例,女7例。年龄16~62岁,平均38·2岁。再手术原     

腓肠肌腱膜皮瓣修复治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂

<正>2005年1月~2013年1月,我科采用腓肠肌腱膜皮瓣翻转修补术治疗26例陈旧性跟腱断裂患者,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组26例,男22例,女4例,年龄18~45岁。患者均有提踵无力及跛行,其中Thompson试验阳性24例。跟腱断裂位置均靠近中段,缺损长3~7 cm。均为陈旧性跟腱断裂,受伤至手术时间5~12周。1.2手术方法连续硬膜外麻醉。跟腱稍偏外侧缘切口入路,显露断裂跟腱及腓肠肌下端。完整切除跟腱坏死瘢痕组织,用可吸收0号爱惜康缝线于断端近侧以上约0.5 cm处水平褥式缝合,从     

跟腱断裂术后即刻功能锻炼的临床研究

目的:通过与跟腱断裂术后2周进行功能锻炼及下地部分负重行走的比较,探讨跟腱断裂术后即刻功能锻炼及下地部分负重行走对患肢功能及跟腱再断裂的影响。方法:将2012年3月至2013年3月收治的64例闭合性跟腱断裂手术患者分为两。治疗组34例,男18例,女16例;年龄(41.4±7.6)岁;于术后第2天即行功能锻炼及佩戴支具下地部分负重行走。对照组30例,男16例,女14例;年龄(39.9±7.6)岁;术后予患肢短腿石膏跖屈位固定2周,2周后行功能锻炼及佩戴支具下地部分负重行走。两组患者由同一组医生采用相同的手术方式处理,观察并比较两组患者AOFAS踝关节功能评分、跟腱再断裂及伤口并发症情况。结果 :术后2个月AOFAS评分治疗组74.3±3.9,对照组71.7±4.2,治疗组高于对照组;术后1年治疗组93.3±3.9,对照组92.0±4.1,两组比较差异无统计学意义。术后治疗组无跟腱再断裂,对照组1例发生跟腱再断裂;术后治疗组2例发生伤口并发症,对照组1例发生并发症,差异无统计学意义。结论:跟腱断裂术后患者即刻功能锻炼,踝关节AOFAS功能评分优于固定2周后再行功能锻炼,同时不增加术后跟腱再断裂率及并发症发生率,有利于患肢功能恢复。     

“ㄣ”形切口手术治疗闭合性跟腱断裂的临床疗效分析

目的探讨采用"ㄣ"形切口手术治疗闭合性跟腱断裂的疗效。方法笔者自2010-12—2015-08对21例闭合性跟腱断裂采用"ㄣ"形切口手术治疗,跟腱断端使用可吸收线缝合。结果所有患者未发现腓肠神经支配区感觉缺损,21例均得到随访6~24个月,平均12个月,无一例发生切口皮肤坏死,除1例因使用拐杖不当滑倒后跟腱再断裂外,其余均未发现跟腱再断裂。末次随访疗效按Arner Lindholm评分标准评定,优19例,良1例,差1例,优良率95.2%。结论"ㄣ"形切口缝合闭合性跟腱断裂皮肤,对合可靠,皮肤皱褶小,皮肤张力小,对皮肤血供影响小,皮肤发生坏死的可能性小,跟腱再断裂及切口感染概率小,治疗闭合性跟腱断裂优于传统直形切口。     

腓骨短肌转移治疗跟腱修复术后再断裂

[目的]总结以腓骨短肌转移治疗跟腱修复术后再断裂的手术方法和效果。[方法]本组患者共11例,男10例,女1例。年龄26～51岁,平均37.5岁。外院予行初次手术时均为新鲜闭合性断裂,所用术式包括腓肠肌腱瓣翻转缝合1例和直接端端缝合10例。初次修复术后因皮肤坏死、功能操练不当或再次受伤而发生再断裂。再断裂至再次手术的时间为1～3周。再次手术时均采用腓骨短肌转移修复跟腱;1例局部皮肤坏死者予以清创、跟腱修复并游离移植股前外侧皮瓣覆盖创面。术后6周依次采用长腿石膏前托、长腿管型石膏、短腿管型石膏固定;积极而循序渐进地进行功能操练。[结果]所有病例术后随访12～18个月,平均14个月。手术切口均顺利愈合,1例游离移植皮瓣完全存活。2例术后发生足部外侧感觉减退,术后2～3周恢复。所有患者均未发生跟腱的再次断裂及足内翻畸形。根据Arner/Lindholm跟腱修复疗效标准进行评定,优6例,良4例,差1例,优良率为90.9%。[结论]腓骨短肌移植可以填补跟腱缺损,同时保证修补部位的力学强度和愈合,从而利于术后功能操练的顺利进行,并且对踝关节的外翻功能不会造成明显损害,是治疗跟腱修复术后再断裂的良好选择。     

改进带蒂腱膜修补术治疗再发性跟腱断裂

目的：了解改进带蒂腱膜修补术治疗再发跟腱断裂的长期疗效。方法：对平均病程为3个月的12例再发跟腱断裂患者进行了平均6．15年的术后随访，所有患者均采用改进带蒂腱膜修补术的手术方法，并用Amer-Lindholm疗效评定标准进行评定。结果：术辱疗效优8例(65．8％)，良3例(25％)，差1例(9．2％)，优良率达90．8％。结论：再发跟腱断裂手术较为困难，本术式涪疗再发跟腱断裂取得了良好的手术疗效。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.