腹腔镜贲门周围血管离断术联合脾切除治疗门脉高压症在中国的现状

在中国,贲门周围血管离断联合脾切除术是治疗门脉高压症最主要外科术式.近年来,腹腔镜的广泛应用,为经典的外科术式开辟了新的途径.腹腔镜贲门周围血管离断术联合脾切除术作为一种新技术逐渐被外科医生接受,文献报道逐渐增多.本文将就20年来国内人们对腹腔镜下贲门周围血管离断术联合脾切除术治疗肝硬化门脉高压症的研究进展进行简要综述.     

贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症100例分析

贲门周围血管离断术(包括脾切除)是常用于治疗肝硬化、门静脉高压症的手术之一。1999—01／2002—12我们采用周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症100例，现报告如下。     

选择性贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症23例临床观察

目的 观察选择性贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症的临床疗效。方法采用选择性贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症23例。结果术后患者腹水、食管胃底曲张明显减轻,门静脉压和门静脉血流量明显下降;术后胃肠功能恢复时间平均3．3d;均未发生胃潴留;至术后1个月,所有患者均未发生肝性脑病和门脉高压性胃病。术后随访复发出血率为5．9％（1／17）。结论选择性贲门周围血管离断术兼有分流术和断流术的优点,治疗门静脉高压症安全有效。     

脾切除贲门周围血管离断术治疗晚期血吸虫病并门静脉海绵样变

目的 目的 探讨晚期血吸虫病门静脉高压症合并门静脉海绵样变的外科治疗方式。 方法 方法 对湖南省血吸虫病防治 所附属湘岳医院18例晚期血吸虫病合并门静脉海绵样变患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 结果 16例患者行脾切除贲 门周围血管离断术; 2例患者先行内镜食管曲张静脉套扎术, 后因再次食管静脉曲张破裂出血, 分别于术后32、 40个月行脾 切除贲门周围血管离断术。术后随访6～72个月, 未再发现食管胃底静脉曲张。结论 结论 脾切除贲门周围血管离断术适用 于晚期血吸虫病门静脉高压合并门静脉海绵样变的治疗。     

晚期血吸虫病脾切除加周围血管离断术后再出血的手术治疗

目的 目的 观察晚期血吸虫病门静脉高压脾切除术加周围血管离断术后再出血的手术治疗效果。方法 方法 2002年10 月-2011年10月, 采用左侧经胸食管切开曲张静脉缝扎加贲门周围血管再离断术 （部分患者加做胃底大弯侧部分切除术）, 治疗晚期血吸虫病门静脉高压症脾切除加断流术后再出血的患者。随访1～9年, 观察疗效。结果 结果 共手术治疗43例, 其 中择期手术27例, 急诊手术16例, 平均随访时间为6.8年, 止血率为100%。术后死亡1例, 死亡原因为从事重体力劳动后 再出血。2例解黑色柏油样大便, 均经保守治疗后消失。其余病例均恢复良好。结论 结论 左侧经胸食管切开曲张静脉缝扎 加贲门周围血管再离断术治疗晚期血吸虫病门静脉高压症脾切除加断流术后再出血, 效果满意。     

脾大部切除贲门周围血管离断联合侧侧肠系膜上静脉下腔静脉分流术治疗肝硬变门静脉高压症出血的疗效分析

目的分析脾大部切除贲门周围血管离断联合侧侧肠系膜上静脉下腔静脉分流术治疗肝硬变门静脉高压症出血的临床疗效。方法选择2010年12月—2013年12月鹤壁市人民医院普外科收治的肝硬变门静脉高压症出血患者111例,将其按照手术方法分为对照组55例和试验组56例。对照组行脾切除贲门周围血管离断联合脾肾静脉分流术,试验组行脾大部切除贲门周围血管离断联合侧侧肠系膜上静脉下腔静脉分流术,观察手术前后两组门静脉系统血流动力学指标、自由门静脉压(FPP)、血清免疫球蛋白、促吞噬肽(Tuftsin)浓度、外周血细胞计数、血小板计数及手术效果。结果术前两组患者FPP和门静脉直径、流速、流量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);术后试验组患者FPP、门静脉直径小于对照组,流速及流量低于对照组(P0.05)。术前两组患者IgG、IgM、IgA及Tuftsin浓度比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后试验组患者IgG、IgM、Tuftsin浓度高于对照组(P0.01)。手术前后两组患者白细胞和血小板计数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者均顺利完成手术,试验组患者并发症发生率为39.3%,低于对照组的58.2%(P0.05)。结论脾大部切除贲门周围血管离断联合侧侧肠系膜上静脉下腔静脉分流术治疗肝硬变门静脉高压症出血效果确切,能够有效降低门静脉压、控制出血和维持脾脏功能,在促进患者早期康复和提高生存质量方面具有非常重要的意义。     

肝硬化门脉高压症70例术前肝功能评估及术后并发症分析

门静脉高压症所致的上消化道出血是肝炎后肝硬化致死性并发症之一 ,本文对 70例肝炎后肝硬化门脉高压症手术治疗患者的术后存活率进行前瞻性分析 ,旨在探讨此类患者手术治疗的适应证及手术时机的选择问题 (外科术式及其它技术因素未列入本研究范畴 )。材料与方法一、对象70例手术治疗的患者为近 7年来本院肝病科诊治的乙型肝炎肝硬化合并门静脉高压症而在本院或外院行相关手术者 ,其中男性 5 4例 ,女性 16例。年龄最轻者 3 8岁 ,最高者 62岁。术式选择 :单纯脾切除 4例 ;断流术 (脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术 ) 5 4例 ;分流术 12例。术期选择…     

完全腹腔镜与开腹行脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗门脉高压症的临床效果比较

目的探讨完全腹腔镜与开腹行脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗门脉高压症的安全性及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析该院72例门脉高压症患者完全腹腔镜与开腹行脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术的临床治疗效果。结果完全腹腔镜组术中平均出血量、术后并发症发生率、住院时间与病死率明显低于开腹组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论门脉高压症患者行完全腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术,安全可靠,创伤小,出血量少,并发症少,恢复快,值得临床推广。     

中心性脾肾分流联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗门脉高压症103例分析

目的探讨中心性脾肾分流联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗门脉高压症的效果。方法自1994年至2005年我院采用中心性脾肾分流联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗103例门静脉高压症患者,对资料进行回顾分析。结果择期手术96例,死亡2例。急诊手术7例均获得成功。术前、术后自由门静脉压分别为3.56±0.32kPa和2.74±0.36kPa。术后随防84例,食管胃底静脉曲张消失或明显好转79例,67例明显脾功能亢进症患者症状消失,再出血5例,肝性脑病11例,远期死亡6例。结论中心性脾肾分流联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗门脉高压症既保留了分流术和断流术的优点,又克服了二者的缺点,是当前治疗门脉高压症的理想术式。     

腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压并发食管胃底静脉曲张患者疗效研究

目的 比较采用腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术与开腹手术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症并发食管胃底静脉曲张(EV)患者的疗效及对门脉血流动力学的影响。方法 2016年3月～2021年3月我科诊治的45例肝硬化门静脉高压症患者,其中20例接受开腹脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术,另25例接受腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗。采用放射免疫分析法检测血浆内皮素(ET)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(ATⅡ)和肾素活度(PRA),使用多普勒超声诊断仪测量门静脉血流量PVF)、门静脉血流流速(PVV)、门静脉直径(PVD)和肝动脉血流量(HAF)。结果 腹腔镜组手术时间、术中出血量、术中输血量、术后引流管拔除时间、术后排气时间和拆线时间分别为(213.5±20.7)min、(362.8±56.9)ml、(312.5±20.7)ml、(3.8±0.6)d、(2.7±0.4)d和(7.9±1.5)d,与开腹组【分别为(188.4±16.9)min、(415.2±50.7)ml、(349.4±23.6)ml、(5.1±0.9)d、(3.2±0.5)d和(11.3±2.1)d】比,差异显著(P<0.05);术后1 m...     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.