胸膜孤立性纤维瘤的多层螺旋CT表现及病理对照

目的探讨胸膜孤立性纤维瘤(SFTP)的MSCT表现特点。方法回顾性分析8例经病理证实的SFTP患者的MSCT表现,观察肿瘤的部位、大小、形态、包膜、边界、密度、强化方式及程度、与周围组织的关系,并对照手术、病理学检查进行总结。8例术前均接受CT平扫及增强检查,并行MPR、MIP、VR及CTA等图像后处理。7例行手术切除,其中1例术前行穿刺活检;1例穿刺活检后未手术;8例全部经HE染色及免疫组化确诊。结果 8例SFTP,均位于胸腔,呈单发的结节或肿块,包膜完整,长径约2.7~19.0cm。4例有浅分叶,6例有瘤蒂。CT平扫8例SFTP定位明确,边界清晰,4例密度均匀,2例有囊变,1例有钙化。CT增强肿瘤血供丰富,动脉期3例较均匀强化,3例巨大肿块内多发粗大肿瘤血管,静脉期为不均匀明显强化,表现为"地图样"。CTA:3例巨大肿块供血动脉明确。镜下见梭形肿瘤细胞,周围大量胶原纤维束。免疫组化:CD34(+)7例,1例CD34(-),Bcl-2(+)7例,CD99(+)8例、CK(-)8例、EMA(-)与SMA(-)8例、S-100(-)8例,Ki-67(5%)8例。结论 SFTP是一种罕见肿瘤,MSCT对SFTP能准确定位,其平扫及增强表现具有一定的特征,尤其是增强动脉期粗大肿瘤血管的显示、"地图状"强化方式、静脉期明显强化及CTA供血动脉的清晰显示对SFTP的术前诊断具有重要价值。     

睾丸副睾肿块的CT和MRI表现

目的探讨睾丸副睾肿块的CT和MRI影像学表现。方法回顾性分析20例经手术病理证实的睾丸副睾肿块,其中3例行CT平扫及增强扫描,3例行CT直接增强,8例行MRI平扫及PWI动态增强,6例行MRI平扫,然后观察肿块的分布、形态大小、境界、内部结构、强化特点及周围侵犯转移情况及影像学显示方法,并与病理结果对比。结果病理结果示21个睾丸副睾肿块,睾丸肿块18例,副睾肿块2例,恶性肿块12例(精原细胞瘤5例,胚胎性癌3例,畸胎瘤1例,淋巴瘤1例,附睾横纹肌肉瘤1例,阴茎根部原始神经胚叶肿瘤1例),良性肿块8例(畸胎瘤1例,睾丸间质细胞瘤2例,非异性炎性肿块1例,结核1例,表皮样囊肿2例,单纯囊肿1例);恶性肿块4个局限睾丸,8个累及被膜及附睾,良性肿块1例累及附睾。影像学结果示恶性肿块直径平均大于50mm,肿块大多实性结节状,结节间纤维分隔,肿块强化不均匀,其中3例向周围侵犯及伴淋巴结转移;良性肿块直径平均小于20mm,肿块部分强化不均匀,较少伴淋巴结转移。MRI多序列及灌注检查,分辨肿块内、外组织成分,周围组织累及情况,鉴别肿块良、恶性方面优于CT检查。结论睾丸副睾肿块CT、MRI表现有一定特征,CT、MRI检查有助于诊断及鉴别诊断,对提示其良、恶性有意义。     

胃间质瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的:探讨胃间质瘤的CT和MRI的表现,以提高诊断正确率。材料和方法:回顾性分析13例经病理学及免疫组化证实的胃间质细胞瘤患者的临床资料和CT、MRI表现。13例均行CT平扫和增强扫描,其中4例行MRI平扫和增强扫描。结果:肿瘤均为单发,腔内型3例,腔外型6例,哑铃型4例,圆形或类圆形9例,分叶形4例,直径3.0~10.4cm,平均7.5cm。CT平扫示肿瘤呈均匀等密度3例,肿块周边呈等密度,中间呈略低密度或低密度9例,呈高、低、等混杂密度1例。增强扫描示3例呈中度明显增强,10例中度不均匀增强,以静脉期明显。MRI平扫示1例肿块信号均匀,3例肿块信号不均匀,增强扫描肿块信号均匀或不均匀增强。病理检查10例恶性,3例良性。结论:胃间质瘤CT、MRI具有一定的特征性表现,对诊断有一定的价值,但不能定性,确诊需要依靠电镜检查和免疫组化。     

卵巢支持-间质细胞瘤的CT表现

目的 分析卵巢支持-间质细胞瘤(SLCT)的CT表现,提高对本病的认识和影像诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的6例卵巢SLCT的CT图像,其中4例行增强扫描.结果 6例SLCT均为单侧,CT平扫5例呈囊实性肿块,1例呈实性.4例增强扫描囊壁、间隔及肿瘤实性部分呈进行性、明显强化.3例睾酮升高,2例泌乳素升高,1例甲胎蛋白(AFP)升高.免疫组织化学检查:Inhibin-α(+)6例,Vimentin(+)4例,Calretinin(+)2例,CD99(+)1例,Ki-67(+)1例,CK20(+)1例.结论 卵巢SLCT的CT表现有一定特点,单侧附件区、椭圆形、囊实性或实性肿块,边缘清晰,实性部分进行性、明显强化,结合临床资料特别是血清睾酮水平升高,有助于诊断与鉴别诊断.     

胃肠道间质瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的 探讨CT和MRI对胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)的诊断价值. 资料与方法 回顾性分析29例经免疫组织化学证实的GIST的CT和MRI表现.25例患者行CT检查,6例行MRI检查,其中2例行CT和MRI检查. 结果 29例GIST中,良性6例,恶性23例.位于胃15例,小肠9例,结肠1例,直肠2例,肠系膜2例.肿块直径约(8.6±3.6)cm.位于消化道的27例中,腔外生长者23例(85.2%),腔内、外生长者4例(14.8%).25例行CT检查者中,肿块密度均匀3例,不均匀22例.增强后均匀强化2例,不均匀强化23例.6例行MRI检查者中,T1WI肿块呈均匀低信号2例,不均匀低信号4例;T2WI均呈不均匀高信号,增强后不均匀强化.11例影像学随访检出复发8例,其中5例经口服STI-571治疗患者中4例观察到肿瘤缩小和液化,1例肿瘤增大. 结论 GIST的CT和MRI表现有一定特征性.消化道来源的腔外生长肿块,伴有囊变、坏死或与消化道相通和增强后均匀或不均匀强化,应考虑GIST可能.CT和MRI在GIST诊断和随访中起重要作用.     

外周原始神经外胚叶肿瘤CT、MRI及病理分析

目的 研究外周原始神经外胚叶肿瘤的CT、MRI表现及病理特征.方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的9例外周原始神经外胚叶肿瘤的临床、影像及病理资料.4例行CT检查,5例行MRI检查.结果 本组9例,上颌窦2例,胸壁2例,股骨、眼眶、椎管、肩部及腋窝各1例.8例肿瘤为单发,类圆形多见,5例为软组织肿块伴邻近骨质破坏,囊变坏死少见,未见钙化,CT平扫密度多均匀,MRI平扫为T1等肌肉信号、T2不均匀高信号,增强扫描多为明显强化.2例出现淋巴结转移.肿瘤免疫组化均表达CD99,不表达白细胞共同抗原(LCA).结论 外周原始神经外胚叶肿瘤的CT及MRI表现为非特异性,但能很好地显示肿瘤及侵袭范围,其最终诊断依靠病理和免疫组织化学检查.     

儿童纵隔神经母细胞瘤的CT与MRI诊断

目的 探讨儿童纵隔神经母细胞瘤的CT与MRI表现及其诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析21例经病理证实的儿童纵隔神经母细胞瘤的CT和MRI表现.19例行CT检查,8例行MRI检查.结果 20例肿瘤位于后纵隔,呈椭圆形或不规则形软组织肿块,突向肺野,边界较清楚.CT平扫示肿瘤密度较均匀12例,密度不均匀7例,15例肿瘤内伴有钙化.13例行增强检查,7例均匀强化,6例不均匀强化.8例MRI检查T1WI示肿瘤呈等或稍低信号,与胸壁肌肉相近,T2 WI呈不均匀稍高信号,3例肿瘤内伴出血、囊变呈混杂信号.结论 儿童患者,CT或MRI检查发现后纵隔肿物,特别是其内伴钙化者,诊断时应首先考虑神经母细胞瘤.     

炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤的MSCT和MRI诊断

目的：探讨炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤（IMT）的MSCT和MRI表现及其临床诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的15例IMT患者的CT和MRI表现,其中11例行CT检查,4例行MRI检查。结果：15例中病变发生于腹腔9例、鼻窦和鼻腔1例、肺部2例、左侧腮腺1例、肘关节及膝关节周围各1例。主要CT和MRI表现为肿块密度及信号不均匀,11例出现囊变、坏死,增强后肿块实性部分呈均匀或不均匀中度或明显强化,坏死、囊变区无明显强化,2例关节周围肿块可见包膜。病理示肿瘤由梭形细胞及炎症细胞组成,免疫组织化学染色肌源性蛋白阳性表达。结论：CT和MRI检查对IMT的定位和定性诊断及鉴别诊断具有一定价值,但IMT的确诊有赖于组织病理学及免疫组织化学检查。     

胸部良恶性孤立性纤维性瘤的MSCT表现与病理对照

目的探讨胸部孤立性纤维瘤的MSCT的特点及病理相关性。方法回顾性分析12例经手术或活检病理证实的胸部孤立性纤维瘤的CT特点及病理对照。所有患者均行CT平扫,其中10例平扫后行增强扫描。结果 12例孤立性纤维瘤,9例与胸膜宽基底相连,3例位于肺内。病灶呈胸部单发肿块,呈丘状、椭圆形或呈铸型生长肿块,可见浅分叶,9例密度均匀,3例见囊变坏死,2例见散在钙化。增强扫描9例轻中度均匀强化,3例呈"地图样强化",内见囊变坏死。6例见蒂状结构,2例为血管蒂。病理及免疫组化:10例为良性孤立性纤维瘤,2例为恶性孤立性纤维瘤。镜下见瘤细胞稀疏区和密集区共存,可见血管外皮细胞瘤样分支状血管;细胞稀疏区胶原化较明显;细胞密集区由梭形细胞构成,形成人字形或席纹状排列。免疫组化:所有肿瘤CD34(+)、Vimentin(+)、S-100(-),9例Bcl-2(+)、11例CD99(+)。结论胸部良恶性孤立性纤维瘤的MSCT表现有一定的特征性,可明确病变的部位、血供情况及周围组织关系,为临床手术提供重要的影像支持,确诊仍需要病理学及免疫组化。     

鼻腔及鼻旁窦神经鞘瘤的影像学表现

目的 分析鼻腔和鼻旁窦神经鞘瘤的CT与MRI表现,提高诊断及鉴别水平.资料与方法 经病理证实的鼻腔、鼻旁窦神经鞘瘤8例,均行CT平扫,其中4例行增强扫描;MRI检查2例,同时行平扫和增强扫描.结果 良性4例,恶性4例.肿瘤原发于鼻腔4例,上颌窦3例,筛窦1例,无一例发生颈淋巴结转移.肿块在CT上多呈较均匀中等密度,3例密度不均;MRI T1WI呈中等信号,T2WI示中等或不均匀稍高信号,增强扫描肿瘤呈轻至中度强化或边缘强化.结论 鼻腔、鼻旁窦神经鞘瘤的CT与MRI表现无显著特异性,均能很好地显示肿瘤侵犯范围及骨质破坏情况.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.