套入式胰管空肠吻合预防老年人胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘

胰十二指肠切除术(pancreatoduodenectomy,PD)是治疗胰头癌、壶腹癌、胆总管下段癌及十二指肠乳头部恶性肿瘤等疾病的常规手术方法.     

改良胆肠、胰肠吻合重建在胰十二指肠切除术中的应用

总结52例胰十二指肠切除术治疗胆总管下段癌、十二指肠乳头癌及胰头癌的近期治疗结果。其中采用改良胰空肠单层褥式套入端端吻合，胆肠单层内翻缝合术12例。施行标准Whipple术40例。认为行改良术式的胆肠、胰肠吻合操作简便，安全可靠，并发症少，优于标准的Whipple术式。     

胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘发生的危险因素分析

目的 分析胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘发生的危险因素,为临床有效降低术后并发症提供理论依据.方法 回顾性分析2009年9月至2012年9月上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院收治的352例因癌症行胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料,根据术后有无发生胰瘘将患者分为胰瘘组和非胰瘘组进行对列研究.对围手术期可能影响术后发生胰瘘的多种因素进行单因素分析及多变量Logistic回归分析.结果 共49例胰十二指肠切除术后发生胰瘘,胰瘘发生率为13.9％ (49/352).经单因素及多因素分析,术后胰瘘的发生与患者性别和年龄、糖尿病病史、手术时间、术中出血量、是否血管切除重建、胰管是否留置支撑管、胰肠吻合时间、消化道重建方式等均无关;而胰腺质地脆、胰管直径＜3 mm、术前血清总胆红素水平＞ 171 μmol/L、术前黄疸持续时间超过8周、术前血清白蛋白水平＜30 g/L是影响术后胰瘘发生的独立危险因素(P值均＜0.05).结论 胰腺质地、胰管直径、术前黄疸程度、黄疸持续时间及低蛋白血症是影响胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘发生的危险因素.     

胰十二指肠切除术后胰肠吻合口出血与胰管内置管留置空肠长度的关系

目的 探讨胰十二指肠切除术后胰肠吻合口出血与胰肠套入捆扎吻合后胰管内置管留置空肠长度的关系.方法 2006年8月至2011年8月行胰十二指肠切除术63例,均采用Child消化道重建方式,胰肠吻合重建分为A、B、C三组.A组22例,胰肠吻合采用胰腺残端套入空肠捆扎法吻合,胰腺残端外内支撑管长度15 cm;B组21例,吻合方法同A组,胰腺残端外内支撑管长度为5 cm;C组20例,采用胰腺残端与空肠黏膜吻合,胰腺残端外内支撑管长度为5 cm.结果 A组2例(9.1％)发生胰肠吻合口出血,经非手术治疗均痊愈.B组8例(38.1％)发生胰肠吻合口出血,其中2例因出血病死,3例行二次手术止血治愈,3例经非手术治疗痊愈.C组无一例发生胰肠吻合口出血.A组和B组患者发生出血的时间均在术后15 d左右,A、B两组胰肠吻合口出血发生率的差异具有统计学意义(x2=9.428,P=0.009).结论 胰肠套人捆扎吻合术后发生胰肠吻合口出血与胰管内支撑管留置空肠的长度过短有关.     

单全层胰管对空肠黏膜吻合在腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术中的应用

目的探讨单全层胰管对空肠黏膜吻合在腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术中应用的可行性和安全性。方法回顾性收集2020年1月到2022年1月间河北医科大学第二医院采用单全层胰管对空肠黏膜吻合方式行腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除的45例患者的临床资料, 与同期行传统双层胰肠吻合的45例配对患者的临床资料进行比较、分析。结果 90例患者均在腹腔镜下完成胰十二指肠切除术。单全层胰肠吻合患者手术时间为(285.6±92.4)min, 中位胰肠吻合时间为20(15, 35)min, 均显著短于传统双层胰肠吻合患者的(317.0±85.5)min和46(30, 58)min, 差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。两组患者术中出血量、术后并发症发生率、住院时间差异均无统计学意义。结论单全层胰管对空肠黏膜吻合方式安全可靠, 与传统吻合方式相比操作简便、用时短, 适合在腹腔镜下应用推广。     

胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的高危因素分析及防治对策

胰肠吻合13瘘【胰瘘）是胰十二指肠切除术后常见的并发症,易引起术后感染和出血,导致二次手术治疗甚至死亡。与胰瘘发生相关的高危因素很多,可分为患者全身因素、疾病相关因素和手术相关因素三个方面。预防并控制胰瘘的发生,进一步降低胰十二指肠切除术后病死率,是普外科医师面临的巨大挑战。本文试就胰肠吻合口痿相关的高危因素和处理对策进行分析和综述,希望对胰腺外科的临床工作有所帮助。     

胰十二指肠切除术后胰胆瘘的预防

胰胆瘘是胰十二指肠切除术(PD)后早期常见而又凶险的并发症。1987～1999年,我院共实施PD41例,术后均无胰胆瘘发生。现结合临床资料,对PD后胰胆瘘的预防措施探讨如下。1　资料与方法1.1　临床资料　本组41例中,男26例、女15例,年龄36～68岁、平均52岁。其中胰头癌22例,壶腹癌14例,胆总管下段神经纤维瘤1例,胃窦癌胰头转移1例,慢性胰腺炎3例。全部病例均经病理证实。1.2　手术方法　34例参考Whipple切除范围,行半胃切除、肝总管横断加胆囊切除,胰腺于门静脉干、肠系膜上静脉左侧1～2cm处切断(术中均彻底切除钩突部胰腺),距屈氏韧带15cm处切…     

胰十二指肠切除术后胰肠吻合口瘘临床分析

目的回顾分析胰十二指肠切除术后发生胰肠吻合口瘘病例以减少手术并发症.方法对1986年1月～2001年6月62例胰十二指肠切除术病例资料行回顾性分析.结果 62例中,发生胰肠吻合口瘘9例,发生率14.5%,其中1986年1月～1991年12月发生胰肠吻合口瘘5例,发生率62.5%(5/8);1992年1月～2001年6月发生胰肠吻合口瘘4例,发生率7.4%(4/54).围手术期死亡2例,死亡率3.2%,占胰瘘的22.2%.死因为胰瘘致全身衰竭.结论要降低胰肠吻合口瘘的发生率,重点在于手术技巧及方式的改进.手术前后的支持治疗、应用生长抑素、控制感染、有效的胃肠减压是必须的.一旦发生胰瘘,若早期诊断,及时采取综合治疗,可以使绝大部分的胰肠吻合口瘘得到治愈.     

胰十二指肠切除术后胰肠吻合口瘘临床分析

目的：回顾分析胰十二指肠切除术后发生胰肠吻合口瘘病例以减少手术并发症。方法：对1986年1月－2001年6月62例胰十二指肠切除术病例资料行回顾性分析。结果：62例中，发生胰肠吻合口瘘9例，发生率14．5％，其中1986年1月－1991年12月发生胰肠吻合口瘘5例，发生率62．5％（5／8）；1992年1月－2001年6月发生胰肠吻合口瘘4例，发生率7．4％（4／54）。围手术期死亡2例，死亡率3．2％，占胰瘘的22．2％。死因为胰瘘致全身衰竭。结论：要降低胰肠吻合口瘘的发生率，重点在于手术技巧及方式的改进。手术前后的支持治疗、应用生长抑制、控制感染、有效的胃肠减压是必须的。一旦发生胰瘘，若早期诊断，及时采取综合治疗，可以使绝大部分的胰肠吻合口瘘得到治愈。     

陈氏胰肠吻合技术在胰十二指肠切除术中的应用效果观察

目的 观察胰十二指肠切除术中采取陈氏胰肠吻合技术的临床应用效果及安全性。方法 回顾性选择行胰十二指肠切除术的患者100例,术中行陈氏胰肠吻合技术60例(陈氏改良组)、行传统胰管空肠黏膜吻合技术42例(传统组)。比较两组术中相关指标(胰肠吻合时间、出血量)及住院时间,术后胰瘘(分为A、B、C级)、再次手术、腹腔感染、胃排空障碍、消化道出血发生情况及存活情况。结果 陈氏改良组术中胰肠吻合时间及住院时间均短于传统组(P均<0.05);两组术中出血量比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。陈氏改良组术后发生胰瘘10例(16.7%),其中A级2例(3.3%)、B级5例(8.4%)、C级3例(5.0%);传统组术后发生胰瘘14例(33.3%),其中A级4例(9.5%)、B级6例(14.3%)、C级4例(9.5%);陈氏改良组术后胰瘘发生率低于传统组(P<0.05)。两组再次手术及术后腹腔感染、胃排空障碍、消化道出血发生率比较均无统计学差异(P均>0.05)。陈氏改良组病死3例(5.0%),传统组5例(11.9%),两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 与传统胰管空肠黏...     

Pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy: the conservative treatment of choice

Background:

A pancreatic fistula (PF) is the most common complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), and its reported incidence varies from 2% to 28%. The aim of the present study was to analyse the treatment of a complicated PF comparing the surgical approach with conservative techniques.

Methods:

From January 2000 through to August 2006, 121 patients were submitted for PD. The study consisted of 70 men and 47 women, with a median age of 60 years (SD ± 12). The main indications for PD were pancreatic duct carcinoma in 52 patients (44.5%), ampullary carcinoma or adenoma in 18 (15.4%) and islet cell tumour in 11 (9.4%). Reconstruction by pancreatogastrostomy was performed in 65 patients (55.6%), and pancreatojejunostomy in 52 patients (44%).

Results:

Thirty-five patients (30%) developed a PF. Amongst these, 20 were managed conservatively and 14 were reoperated. These two groups of patients were compared with patients without a PF for analysis. There was no significant difference in the mean age, the gender ratio, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, surgical time and blood replacement, number of associated procedures, vascular resection and type of reconstruction between the three groups. There were five post-operative deaths (4.2%), three patients (21.4%) in the surgical treatment group (P < 0.01). Mean total number of complications (P= 0.02) and mean length of hospital stay (P < 0.001) were greater in the surgical group. The medium delay between the pancreatic resection and reoperation was 10 days (range, 3–32 days). Completion splenopancreatectomy was required in five patients whereas conservative treatment including debridement and drainage was applied in nine patients.

Conclusion:

The surgical approach for a PF is associated with a higher mortality and morbidity. There is no advantage in performing completion pancreatectomy (CP) instead of extensive drainage as a result of the same mortality and morbidity rates and the risk of endocrine insufficiency. In cases of complicated PF, radiological or surgical conservative treatment is recommended.     

Tailored pancreatic reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a single-center experience of 892 cases

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic reconstruction following pancre-aticoduodenectomy (PD) is still debatable even for pancreatic surgeons. Ideally, pancreatic reconstruction after PD should reduce the risk of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) and its severity if developed with preservation of both exo-crine and endocrine pancreatic functions. It must be tailored to control the morbidity linked to the type of reconstruction. This study was to show the best type of pancreatic reconstruc-tion according to the characters of pancreatic stump. METHODS: We studied all patients who underwent PD in our center from January 1993 to December 2015. Patients were categorized into three groups depending on the presence of risk factors of postoperative complications: low-risk group (ab-sent risk factor), moderate-risk group (presence of one risk fac-tor) and high-risk group (presence of two or more risk factors). RESULTS: A total of 892 patients underwent PD for resection of periampullary tumor. BMI >25 kg/m2, cirrhotic liver, soft pancreas, pancreatic duct diameter <3 mm, and pancreatic duct location from posterior edge <3 mm are risk variables for development of postoperative complications. POPF de-veloped in 128 (14.3%) patients. Delayed gastric emptying occurred in 164 (18.4%) patients, biliary leakage developed in 65 (7.3%) and pancreatitis presented in 20 (2.2%). POPF in low-, moderate- and high-risk groups were 26 (8.3%), 65 (15.7%) and 37 (22.7%) patients, respectively. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were significantly lower with pan-creaticogastrostomy (PG) in high-risk group, while pancre-aticojejunostomy (PJ) decreases incidence of postoperative steatorrhea in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Selection of proper pancreatic reconstruc-tion according to the risk factors of patients may reduce POPF and postoperative complications and mortality. PG is superior to PJ as regards short-term outcomes in high-risk group but PJ provides better pancreatic function in all groups and therefore, PJ is superior in low- and moderate-risk groups.     

Total closure of pancreatic section for end-to-side pancreaticojejunostomy decreases incidence of pancreatic fistula in pancreaticoduodenectomy

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a serious complication and results in prolonged hospitalization and high mortality. The present study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of total closure of pancreatic section for end-to-side pancreaticojejunostomy in pancreaticoduode-nectomy (PD).METHODS: This was a prospective randomized clinical trial comparing the outcomes of PD between patients who un-derwent total closure of pancreatic section for end-to-side pancreaticojejunostomy (Group A) vs those who underwent conventional pancreaticojejunostomy (Group B). The primary endpoint was the incidence of pancreatic fistula. Secondary endpoints were morbidity and mortality rates.RESULTS: One hundred twenty-three patients were included in this study. The POPF rate was significantly lower in Group A than that in Group B (4.8% vs 16.7%, P<0.05). About 38.3%patients in Group B developed one or more complications;this rate was 14.3% in Group A (P<0.01). The wound/abdomi-nal infection rate was also much higher in Group B than that in Group A (20.0% vs 6.3%, P<0.05). Furthermore, the average hospital stays of the two groups were 18 days in Group A, and 24 days in Group B, respectively (P<0.001). However, there was no difference in the probability of mortality, biliary leakage,delayed gastric emptying, and pulmonary infection between the two groups.CONCLUSION: Total closure of pancreatic section for end-to-side pancreaticojejunostomy is a safe and effective method for pancreaticojejunostomy in PD.     

Effect of Blumgart anastomosis in reducing the incidence rate of pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy

BACKGROUND Pancreatic fistula is one of the most serious complications after pancreatoduodenectomy for treating any lesions at the pancreatic head. For years, surgeons have tried various methods to reduce its incidence. AIM To investigate and emphasize the clinical outcomes of Blumgart anastomosis compared with traditional anastomosis in reducing postoperative pancreatic fistula. METHODS In this observational study, a retrospective analysis of 291 patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy, including Blumgart anastomosis (201 patients) and traditional embedded pancreaticojejunostomy (90 patients), was performed in our hospital. The preoperative and perioperative courses and longterm follow-up status were analyzed to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods. Moreover, 291 patients were then separated by the severity of postoperative pancreatic fistula, and two methods of pancreaticojejunostomy were compared to detect the features of different anastomosis. Six experienced surgeons were involved and all of them were proficient in both surgical techniques.RESULTS The characteristics of the patients in the two groups showed no significant differences, nor the preoperative information and pathological diagnoses. The operative time was significantly shorter in the Blumgart group (343.5 ± 23.0 vs 450.0 ± 40.1 min, P = 0.028), as well as the duration of pancreaticojejunostomy drainage tube placement and postoperative hospital stay (12.7 ± 0.9 d vs 17.4 ± 1.8 d, P = 0.031;and 21.9 ± 1.3 d vs 28.9 ± 1.3 d, P = 0.020, respectively). The overall complications after surgery were much less in the Blumgart group than in the embedded group (11.9% vs 26.7%, P = 0.002). Patients who underwent Blumgart anastomosis would suffer less from severe pancreatic fistula (71.9% vs 50.0%, P = 0.006), and this pancreaticojejunostomy procedure did not have worse influences on long-term complications and life quality. Thus, Blumgart anastomosis is a feasible pancreaticojejunostomy procedure in pancreatoduodenectomy surgery. It is safe in causing less postoperative complications, especially pancreatic fistula, and thus shortens the hospitalization duration. CONCLUSION Surgical method should be a key factor in reducing pancreatic fistula, and Blumgart anastomosis needs further promotion.     

Pancreatic reconstruction techniques after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a review of the literature

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Postoperative pancreatic fistula is the most troublesome complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy, and is an on-going area of concern for pancreatic surgeons. The specific pancreatic reconstruction technique is an important factor influencing the development of postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Areas covered: In this paper, we briefly introduced the definition and relevant influencing factors of postoperative pancreatic fistula. We performed a search of all meta-analyses published in the last 5 years and all published randomized controlled trials comparing different pancreatic anastomotic techniques, and we evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of different techniques.

Expert opinion: No individual anastomotic method can completely avoid postoperative pancreatic fistula. Selecting specific techniques tailored to the patient’s situation intraoperatively may be key to reducing the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula.     

胰瘘发生的相关因素及防治措施

胰瘘是胰肠吻合术后的常见并发症,其发生后病情凶险、病死率高。因而早期发现并给予有效的预防、治疗至关重要,针对胰瘘的诊断标准、影响胰瘘的相关因素及胰瘘防治措施的研究进展作进一步的综述。     

Risk factors and managements of hemorrhage associated with pancreatic fistula after pancre-aticoduodenectomy

BACKGROUND: Post-pancreaticoduodenectomy pancreatic fistula associated hemorrhage(PPFH) is one of the leading lethal complications. Our study was to analyze the risk factors and managements of hemorrhage associated with pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy, and to evaluate treatment options.METHOD: We analyzed 445 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy or pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy and evaluated the relevance between clinical data and PPFH.RESULTS: The incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF) was 27.42%(122/445), and the incidence of PPFH was 4.49%(20/445). Among the 20 patients with PPFH, 7died and 13 were cured. Interventional angiographic therapy was performed for 10 patients and 5 were successfully treated. Relaparotomy was performed for 5 patients and 2 were successfully cured. Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that several risk factors were related to PPFH: the nature of tumor(carcinoid/low-grade or high-grade malignancy), preoperative day 1 serum prealbumin, preoperative day 1 total bilirubin(TBIL), operative time, blood loss in the operation, operative method(vascular resection and revascularization), postoperative day 3 TBIL, biliary fistula, and the grade of POPF. The multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the nature of tumor and the grade of POPF were independently risk factors of PPFH. Receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that preoperative day 1 serum prealbumin level 173 mg/L and postoperative day 3 TBIL level ≥168 μmol/L were the risk factors of PPFH.CONCLUSIONS: The risk of PPFH was found to be increased with high potential malignancy and high grade of POPF. Angiography-embolization is one of the major and effective therapies for PPFH. Extraluminal-intraluminal PPFH is more serious and needs more aggressive treatments.     

Combined invagination and duct-to-mucosa techniques with modifications:anew method of pancreaticojejunal anastomosis

BACKGROUND:Soft pancreatic texture and a small main pancreatic duct are thought to be the most significant risk factors for the occurrence of pancreatic fistula (PF),a common and serious complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).This is in part due to the technical difficulties of pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) posed by a soft gland with a normal-sized duct.To deal with this problem,we developed a new anastomotic technique which combines the two most widely used techniques,namely,the invagination techniq...