腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎的效果分析

目的探讨急性胆囊炎患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的效果。方法分析2009年1月—2012年6月在我院住院的40例急性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者的临床资料。结果 40例患者中34例完成腹腔镜胆囊切除术,6例中转开腹手术;患者均无胆漏及肝外胆管损伤等并发症,无死亡病例。结论随着腹腔镜技术的日益成熟和手术经验积累,急性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除术是安全可行的,且局部创伤小、手术时间短、全身反应轻、脏器功能恢复快。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎的效果及预后

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术对急性胆囊炎(AC)患者术中、术后恢复情况及术后血清脂多糖(LPS)、淀粉酶(AMY)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)水平变化的影响。方法选取2015年12月-2017年5月咸阳市中心医院收治的98例AC患者进行回顾性分析,根据不同术式分为观察组(n=49)与对照组(n=49)。对照组行传统开腹胆囊切除术,观察组行腹腔镜胆囊切除术。对比两组术中及术后恢复情况(手术切口长度、手术用时、术中出血量、术后下床活动时间及住院时间)、手术前及术后72 h血清LPS、AMY、ACTH水平、免疫功能[T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3^+、CD4^+、CD4^+/CD8^+)]和术后并发症发生率。计量资料两组间比较采用t检验,计数资料两组间比较采用χ2检验。结果与对照组比较,观察组手术切口短、手术用时少、术中出血量低、下床活动及住院时间短(t值分别为26.782、2.950、28.997、11.559、14.678,P值均<0.05),随访1个月后并发症发生率低(8.16%vs 22.45%,χ2=9.137,P=0.002);手术前两组血清LPS、AMY、ACTH水平及CD3^+、CD4^+、CD4^+/CD8^+比较差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),术后72 h,观察组LPS、AMY、ACTH明显低于对照组(t值分别为8.762、5.370、3.607,P值均<0.001),CD3^+、CD4^+、CD4^+/CD8^+明显高于对照组(t值分别为5.604、6.611、12.025,P值均<0.001)。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗AC疗效显著,可有效改善血清LPS、AMY水平,且对免疫功能影响相对较小,有利于减轻术后应激反应、降低并发症发生率。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗老年急性坏疽性胆囊炎的临床疗效

<正>急性坏疽性胆囊炎属于严重胆囊病变类型,手术切除治疗是此类疾病唯一的根治性措施〔1〕。老年急性坏疽性胆囊炎患者因各器官功能均有生理性减退,同时伴随糖尿病、高血压、冠心病等并发症,在行传统开腹胆囊切除术时术中出血量较多,且术后并发症发生风险较大〔2〕。本文采用开腹胆囊切除术与腹腔镜胆囊切除术对患者临床资料及治疗情况展开回顾性分析,旨在探讨老年急性坏疽性胆囊炎患者更为安全、有效的治疗方法。1资料与方法     

腹腔镜、开腹胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎疗效比较

以往对急性胆囊炎多采取先控制炎症,再行传统的开腹胆囊切除术(OC)治疗.2003年9月～2007年8月,本院采用腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗急性胆囊炎,效果满意.现对LC、OC两种术式治疗急性胆囊炎的疗效作对比分析.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎72例体会

目的总结腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎的体会。方法回顾性分析我院2005年8月-2008年8月72例急性胆囊炎（Acute cholecystitis,AC）腹腔镜胆囊切除术（Laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）患者的临床资料。结果全组LC成功率91．67％,中转开腹8．33％,无死亡病例。结论对于LC临床经验丰富、技术熟练的外科医师,采用LC手术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎是安全的。     

急性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术53例临床分析

目的探讨急性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）的手术技巧。方法急性胆囊炎行LC 53例,中转开腹3例。回顾53例LC操作经验并进行总结分析。结果 50例LC手术成功,手术时间30～180 min,平均79 min,术中出血5～200 ml,平均住院6.5d（3～16 d）。结论急性胆囊炎首选LC。腹腔镜下顺行切除胆囊更加安全、快捷。     

早期腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性非结石性胆囊炎的效果

目的比较早期(≤72 h)腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性非结石性胆囊炎(AAC)及急性结石性胆囊炎(ACC)的临床疗效。方法2010年11月至2014年9月,该院采用早期(≤72 h)腹腔镜胆囊切除术对125例急性胆囊炎患者行手术治疗,其中AAC 28例,ACC 97例,观察两组患者术后并发症发生率、手术时间、住院时间、中转开腹率、围术期死亡率,并作对比分析。结果两组手术时间,住院时间,围术期死亡率及其他术后并发症未见明显差异(P0.05)。AAC组术中中转开腹率明显高于ACC组(P0.05),胆囊坏疽率明显高于ACC组(P0.05)。结论早期(≤72 h)腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗AAC效果与ACC相似,可作为AAC治疗的可靠选择。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术作为急性胆囊炎治疗选择的评价

目的　对腹腔镜胆囊切除术（ＬＣ）作为急性胆囊炎的治疗选择作出评估。方法　采用回顾性调查方法对ＬＣ治疗的２０７ 例胆囊结石伴急性胆囊炎患者的中转开腹、术后并发症情况及影响中转开腹的一些因素进行研究。结果　本组中转开腹率达３２．３％ ,中转开腹的术后并发症发生率（２０．９％ ）显著高于非中转开腹病例（５．７％ ）。影响中转开腹的因素有患者的性别,急性胆囊炎的胆囊状况,现病史长短,发病至手术的时间及外周血白细胞计数等。结论　对急性胆囊炎选择ＬＣ应慎重,对经判断中转风险较高的病例,不宜选择ＬＣ。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎的效果分析

目的分析腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎的效果。方法在我院收治的急性结石性胆囊炎患者中选取70例,起止时间是2017年3月-2019年6月。按照入院编号分为两组:开腹胆囊切除术35例作为对照组,腹腔镜胆囊切除术35例作为试验组。评定术后疗效。结果在手术、排气、住院时间上,试验组均明显短于对照组(P<0.05)。术后,试验组并发症出现2例(5.7%),少于对照组的8例(22.9%),差异显著(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎疗效优于开腹手术,能减少术后并发症、缩短恢复时间,推荐患者优先选用。     

急性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹危险因素Logistic分析

目的探讨急性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）导致中转开腹的危险因素。方法回顾性分析我院急性胆囊炎患者行LC治疗的临床指标,运用Logistic多因素回归分析方法分析中转开腹的危险因素。结果急性胆囊炎行LC 214例,中转开腹15例。Logistic回归分析结果显示,胆囊壁厚度、血清总胆红素、发作至手术时间、右上腹肌紧张是中转开腹的危险因素。结论急性胆囊炎行LC是安全可行的。根据4种危险因素即胆囊壁厚度、血清总胆红素、发作至手术时间、右上腹肌紧张可以预测中转开腹概率。     

Outcomes of contemporary management of gangrenous and non-gangrenous acute cholecystitis

BackgroundGangrenous cholecystitis (GC) is considered a more severe form of acute cholecystitis. The risk factors associated with this condition and its impact on morbidity and mortality compared with those of non-gangrenous acute cholecystitis (NGAC) are poorly defined and based largely on findings from older studies.MethodsPatients with histologically confirmed acute cholecystitis treated in specialized units in a tertiary hospital between 2005 and 2010 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Data were reviewed retrospectively and patients with GC were compared with those with NGAC.ResultsA total of 184 patients with NGAC and 106 with GC were identified. The risk factors associated with GC included older age (69 years vs. 57 years; P= 0.001), diabetes (19% vs. 10%; P= 0.049), temperature of >38 °C (36% vs. 16%; P < 0.001), tachycardia (31% vs. 15%; P= 0.002), detection of muscle rigidity on examination (27% vs. 12%; P= 0.01) and greater elevations in white cell count (WCC) (13.4 × 10⁹/l vs. 10.7 × 10⁹/l; P < 0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) (94 mg/l vs. 17 mg/l; P= 0.001), bilirubin (19 µmol/l vs. 17 µmol/l; P= 0.029), urea (5.3 mmol/l vs. 4.7 mmol/l; P= 0.016) and creatinine (82 µmol/l vs. 74 µmol/l; P= 0.001). The time from admission to operation in days was greater in the GC group (median = 1 day, range: 0–14 days vs. median = 1 day, range: 0–10 days; P= 0.029). There was no overall difference in complication rates between the GC and NGAC groups (22% vs. 14%; P= 0.102). There was a lower incidence of common bile duct stones in the GC group (5% vs. 13%; P= 0.017). Gangrenous cholecystitis was associated with increased mortality (4% vs. 0%; P= 0.017), but this was not an independent risk factor on multivariate analysis.ConclusionsGangrenous cholecystitis has certain clinical features and associated laboratory findings that may help to differentiate it from NGAC. It is not associated with an overall increase in complications when treated in a specialized unit.Case series which identifies patients at risk of having gangrenous cholecystitis when presenting with acute gallstone disease     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗86例急性结石性胆囊炎患者的临床效果

目的总结分析腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗急性结石性胆囊炎的临床应用效果。方法回顾性总结2016年5月-2017年5月南京医科大学附属南京江宁医院普外科应用LC治疗急性结石性胆囊炎86例患者的临床资料。结果手术时间为发病后1周内,手术持续时间60~130 min,平均(75.5±10.5)min,术中出血量40~200 ml,平均(70±11.2)ml;术后住院时间3~14d,平均(6±1.5)d。86例患者中急性单纯性胆囊炎40例、急性化脓性胆囊炎38例、急性坏疽性胆囊炎5例,3例慢性胆囊炎急性发作;有6例中转为开腹胆囊切除术,其余80例均成功完成LC,包含1例胆囊十二指肠内瘘加行十二指肠一期修补术。术中行胆道造影20例,1例发现合并有胆总管结石,遂行胆总管探查术、T管引流;另有2例经造影确定存在胆道损伤,均在术中予以修补,1例放置T管引流,1例行一期缝合。1例患者术后胆漏,经保守治疗后治愈,余患者均无胆漏、出血等并发症。结论对于急性结石性胆囊炎,遵守严格的适应证和掌握充分的腹腔镜技术,创伤较小且安全有效。     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis

The application of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (Lap. C) for acute cholecystitis (AC) remains controversial from the viewpoint of its higher rate of morbidity, and conversion to open surgery, in spite of the worldwide acceptance of Lap. C as the gold standard for the treatment of patients with symptomatic gallbladder diseases. The conversion rate has been reported to decrease with experience. Local and overall complication rates were shown to correlate with the time delay between the onset of acute symptoms and the operation. Although percutaneous gallbladder drainage (PGBD) has been reported to be a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of AC, it should be limited to high‐risk groups such as elderly or critically ill patients. Early cholecystectomy within 4 days from the onset is strongly recommended to minimize surgical complications and to increase the chance of a successful laparoscopic approach.     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis

From October 1991 to March 1994, 35 patients (20 men and 15 women) with acute cholecystitis (AC) underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). They ranged in age from 17 to 82 years (mean, 51.7 years). Nine of the 35 patients (25.7%) had either percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) or percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder aspiration (PTGBA) performed preoperatively. The mean operative time was 183.7 min. Four of the 35 patients (11.4%) required conversion to open laparotomy. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 11.2 days and postoperative morbidity rate was 2.9%. There were no major complications and no deaths. In this retrospective study, we divided the patients into three groups according to the surgical timing of LC in relation to onset. Two of the three groups had LC performed more than 7 days after onset; these groups were termed, collectively, the delayed LC group. The group that had LC performed within 7 days of onset we termed the early LC group. The early LC group had a shorter operative time, less blood loss, and a shorter postoperative hospital stay than the delayed LC group, but the differences were not significant. Nevertheless, we suggest that early LC for AC should be employed for patients who are in a stable condition and who have no preoperative associated medical problems. In the delayed LC group, there were no significant differences in findings between patients who received or did not receive either PTGBD or PTGBA. PTGBD and PTGBA are useful procedures for the relief of acute severe symptoms in patients whose condition is refractory to treatments such as i.v. antibiotic infusion and no oral feeding. We conclude that a laparoscopic procedure for patients with AC, when performed by experienced surgeons, is safe, technically feasible, and useful.     

急性胆囊炎腹腔镜与开腹手术的对比分析

目的对比分析急性胆囊炎腹腔镜与开腹手术的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2001年至2008年急性胆囊炎或慢性胆囊炎急性发作行胆囊切除术病例200例,其中行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）67例,开腹胆囊切除术（OC）133例。结果LC组的术中出血量、手术时间、下床活动时间、肠道功能恢复时间、住院时间明显低于OC组（P〈0.05）;两组术后并发症发生率无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论LC治疗急性胆囊炎的临床效果优于OC。     

胆囊部分切除术治疗胆囊形态异常合并泥沙样结石性胆囊炎的效果分析

目的探讨腹腔镜下胆囊部分切除术治疗胆囊形态异常合并泥沙样结石性胆囊炎的应用价值。方法选取2010年7月-2014年1月于大连市友谊医院行腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆囊部分切除术治疗的胆囊形态异常合并泥沙样结石性胆囊炎患者18例。所有患者均伴有胆囊形态的异常,表现为胆囊折叠或胆囊腺肌症;病变部位皆位于胆囊的远端。术前将胆囊病变部分和正常胆囊拟保留部分分别做胆囊收缩试验。术中胆道镜检查胆囊管通畅,胆囊壁弹性好,无明显慢性炎症。切除有病变的胆囊后,4-0可吸收线连续两层缝合胆囊。计量资料组间比较采用独立样本t检验。结果所有患者手术均获成功,手术时间平均(98.0±9.0)min,排气时间平均(22.8±2.5)h。术后6 h下床活动并进水,24 h后进食;术后5~7 d痊愈出院,无胆漏等并发症发生。随访6~80个月,患者术前临床症状消失,无结石复发。术后6~12个月胆囊代偿性扩张,体积平均(30.29±4.23)cm3,较术前(21.72±4.34)cm3明显增大(t=-13.00,P0.001);术后胆囊收缩平均(56.9±10.9)%,较术前(48.5±12.7)%显著提高(t=-6.11,P0.001)。结论腹腔镜结合胆道镜行胆囊部分切除术治疗胆囊形态异常合并泥沙样结石性胆囊炎,对保护胆囊及胆囊功能具有重要意义,在严格掌握适应证的情况下有望成为手术保胆治疗的一种新术式。     

Dissection of the gallbladder from the liver bed during laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute or subacute cholecystitis

Current literature suggests that early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for acute cholecystitis (AC) can be safely performed within 72 h of symptom onset. However, for various reasons, in clinical practice, fibrosed gallbladders are frequently encountered during early LC for AC. The subserosal layer of the gallbladder wall can be divided into an inner and an outer layer. The inner layer has an abundant vasculature and some fibrous tissue; it abuts the muscularis propria. The outer layer consists of abundant fat tissue; it abuts the serosa or the liver parenchyma. In both patients with AC and those without cholecystitis, dissection of the gallbladder in the outer layer facilitates removal of the gallbladder without tearing the gallbladder or injuring the liver parenchyma behind the liver bed. However, in patients with AC lasting 72 h or more, the subserosal layer becomes solid and thick due to inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrotic change. Thus, adequate dissection of the outer layer becomes difficult. However, there is a layer between the inner and outer layers that can be dissected bluntly and easily. Thus, we could dissect the gallbladder from its liver bed safely, surely, and quickly by using our original technique which was validated by histological examination.     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in gallstone patients with acute cholecystitis

It remains controversial whether patients with gallstones with acute cholecystitis should be operated on early, or whether surgery should be delayed until the acute phase subsides. To help resolve this question, we retrospectively studied 109 patients with acute cholecystitis, 56 of whom underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy after acute cholecystitis had subsided (delayed group) and 53 of whom underwent early laparoscopic cholecystectomy—within 7 days after admission (early group). On admission, the inflammatory findings in the two groups were very similar; however, at operation, the inflammatory findings were alleviated in the delayed group, while they remained unchanged in the early group. The mean operative time for the two groups was very similar. As for intraoperative complications, there was no conversion to laparotomy in either group, and there were no major complications in either group. The total hospital stay was 37.7 ± 14.4 days for the delayed group and 12.7 ± 2.0 days for the early group, showing a highly significant difference (P < 0.001). Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy seems to be better than delayed treatment for patients with gallstones with acute cholecystitis. Received: April 27, 1998/Accepted: November 27, 1998