成人HIV/AIDS病人HAART前血小板减少的发生率及相关因素分析

目的描述成人艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人(简称HIV/AIDS病人)在高效抗病毒治疗(HAART)前,发生血小板减少的基本特征,探讨HIV合并血小板减少的发生率及相关因素。方法以2003年6月至2015年12月,在北京地坛医院门诊就诊的3452例HIV/AIDS病人为研究对象,比较HAART前不同基本情况[人口学资料、身体质量指数(BMI)、CD4+T淋巴细胞(简称CD4细胞)计数、病毒载量、是否合并机会性感染及症状体征、其他混合性感染的合并情况及是否服用复方新诺明(SMZ-TMP)情况]的血小板减少的发生率,通过Logistic回归分析HIV/AIDS病人合并血小板减少症的相关因素。结果 HAART前合并血小板减少的有137例(3.97%),其中轻度104例(3.01%),中度19例(0.55%),重度14例(0.41%)。血小板减少的发生率随CD4细胞计数的增加而降低(P0.001)。HAART前HIV RNA≥105拷贝/mL[调整OR值(AOR)=1.903,95%CI:1.125~3.218,P=0.016],CD4细胞计数≤50个/μL(AOR=8.828,95%CI:2.939~26.519,P0.001)及CD4细胞计数51~199个/μL(AOR=3.714,95%CI:1.317~10.479,P=0.013),HBsAg+(AOR=4.949,95%CI:2.372~10.323,P0.001)是发生血小板减少的危险因素。结论成人HIV/AIDS病人HAART前血小板减少发生率较低。低基线CD4细胞计数、高基线病毒载量及合并乙型肝炎是HAART前发生血小板减少的相关因素,因此对存在这些危险因素的病人及早的诊断和治疗是必须的。     

湖南省AIDS病人HAART过程中影响免疫功能重建的因素分析

目的分析高效抗反转录病毒治疗(HAART)过程中影响免疫功能重建的因素。方法 2003年9月至2013年6月,采用回顾式队列分析,从国家艾滋病抗病毒治疗数据库中筛选出按要求完成随访的病人5567例,检测病人基线及HAART治疗9-15个月后的CD+4T淋巴细胞(简称CD4细胞)数量,将CD4细胞200个/μL或较基线增长20%定义为免疫重建不良,采用Logistic回归分析观察其影响因素。结果 HAART有效率为54.25%,共有2547例病人发生免疫重建不良,男性[比值比(OR):1.58,95%可信区间(CI):(1.41~1.76)]、高龄[~60岁OR:2.25,95%CI:(1.38~3.67)]、60岁OR:2.57,95%CI:(1.54~4.31)]、静脉吸毒、基线CD4细胞水平过低、合并丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)[OR:1.68,95%CI(1.26~2.24)]感染、结核菌(TB)感染、病毒抑制不良[5000拷贝OR:4.05,95%CI:(2.82~5.82)]等,均是发生免疫重建不良的危险因素,而乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性未发现与免疫重建相关[OR:0.90,95%CI:(0.71~1.16)]。结论男性、高龄、静脉吸毒、基线CD4细胞水平过低、合并HCV感染、病毒抑制不良等,均是发生免疫重建不良的危险因素,临床上需引起注意。     

凝血酶原活动度与老年散发戊型肝炎患者CD4~+ T细胞计数的相关性

目的探讨可能与老年散发HEV感染患者CD4~+ T细胞计数相关的临床因素。方法通过83例老年散发HEV感染患者的横断面临床资料进行分析,应用流式细胞术计数外周血CD4~+ T细胞。结果 84.34%(70/83)的患者CD4~+ T细胞计数≥400。单因素分析表明,较短病程(P=0.011)、非肝硬化发生(P=0.006)、低AST/ALT值(P=0.042)、低TBil水平(P=0.035)、低TBA水平(P=0.016)和较高的PTA水平(P=0.001)与CD4~+ T细胞计数≥400相关。多因素分析表明,PTA(OR=1.04,95%CI=1.02~1.07,P=0.002)独立与CD4~+ T细胞计数≥400相关。PTA cutoff值为80.28时,其预测CD4~+ T细胞计数≥400的灵敏度为68.6%,特异度为84.6%。结论针对PTA的治疗可能是老年散发戊型肝炎患者细胞免疫治疗的一个方面。     

抗反转录病毒治疗人类免疫缺陷病毒/丙型肝炎病毒合并感染者终末期肝病的发生率及危险因素

目的 了解抗反转录病毒治疗(ART) HIV/HCV合并感染人群中终末期肝病的发生率及相关的危险因素.方法 回顾性研究HIV/HCV合并感染者的人口学资料和临床资料.单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析各变量[基线时年龄≥40岁、男性、既往有受血史、HCV持续感染时间、合并HBV感染(HBsAg阳性)、随访末时HIV RNA≥1×104拷贝/mL、随访末时HCV RNA≥1×105拷贝/mL、随访末时CD4细胞计数＞200/μL、随访末时ALT≥2×正常值上限(ULN)、包含奈韦拉平的ART、随访时间、ART持续时间＞5年、HCV基因1b型]与终末期肝病发生的相关性;Kaplan-Meier法分析终末期肝病对HIV/HCV合并感染者生存的影响.结果 共纳入427例HIV/HCV合并感染者,平均随访3.7年,55例患者(12.9％)出现终末期肝病,52例患者死亡,病死率为12.2％.多因素Logistic回归分析显示,基线时年龄≥40岁(OR=2.385,P=0.039)、ALT≥2×ULN(OR=16.374,P=0.000)、合并HBV感染(OR=2.507,P=0.042)、ART持续时间＞5年(OR=3.232,P=0.010)及CD4细胞计数≥200/μL(OR=0.364,P=0.011)与终末期肝病的发生显著相关.在有终末期肝病与无终末期肝病的HIV/HCV合并感染者中,病死率分别为50.9％和6.5％,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.000).结论 随着ART的开展,终末期肝病在HIV/HCV合并感染者中仍较常见,合并终末期肝病明显缩短了HIV/HCV合并感染者的生存期.     

成人HIV/AIDS病人HAART前血小板减少的发生率及相关因素分析北大核心

目的描述成人艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者/艾滋病（AIDS）病人（简称HIV/AIDS病人）在高效抗病毒治疗（HAART）前,发生血小板减少的基本特征,探讨HIV合并血小板减少的发生率及相关因素。方法以2003年6月至2015年12月,在北京地坛医院门诊就诊的3452例HIV/AIDS病人为研究对象,比较HAART前不同基本情况[人口学资料、身体质量指数（BMI）、CD4^＋T淋巴细胞（简称CD4细胞）计数、病毒载量、是否合并机会性感染及症状体征、其他混合性感染的合并情况及是否服用复方新诺明（SMZ-TMP）情况]的血小板减少的发生率,通过Logistic回归分析HIV/AIDS病人合并血小板减少症的相关因素。结果 HAART前合并血小板减少的有137例（3.97%）,其中轻度104例（3.01%）,中度19例（0.55%）,重度14例（0.41%）。血小板减少的发生率随CD4细胞计数的增加而降低（P〈0.001）。HAART前HIV RNA≥105拷贝/mL[调整OR值（AOR）=1.903,95%CI：1.125-3.218,P=0.016],CD4细胞计数≤50个/μL（AOR=8.828,95%CI：2.939-26.519,P〈0.001）及CD4细胞计数51-199个/μL（AOR=3.714,95%CI：1.317-10.479,P=0.013）,HBsAg＋（AOR=4.949,95%CI：2.372-10.323,P〈0.001）是发生血小板减少的危险因素。结论成人HIV/AIDS病人HAART前血小板减少发生率较低。低基线CD4细胞计数、高基线病毒载量及合并乙型肝炎是HAART前发生血小板减少的相关因素,因此对存在这些危险因素的病人及早的诊断和治疗是必须的。     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗相关心肌梗死的危险因素和预测模型的建立

目的:筛选经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)相关心肌梗死(PMI)的危险因素,建立PMI发生风险的危险模型。方法:回顾性分析了北京大学人民医院801例择期PCI患者的临床基线特征、冠状动脉造影检查结果及PCI操作资料,并就此根据临床实际情况分为PMI组(n=113)和无PMI组(n=688)。同时利用多元Logistic回归分析筛选PMI的独立危险因素并建立危险模型。结果:PMI发生率为14.1%(113/801),经过多元Logistic回归分析发现PMI的独立危险因素包括年龄(OR=1.040,95%CI:1.015~1.065,P=0.001),多支病变(OR=1.740,95%CI:1.028~2.945,P=0.039),支架数目(OR=1.787,95%CI:1.404~2.275,P=0.000),旋磨(OR=4.046,95%CI:1.336~12.252,P=0.013),并建立了危险模型。该模型的ROC曲线下面积为0.706(95%CI:0.657~0.754)。结论:年龄、多支病变、支架数目及旋磨均为PMI发生的独立危险因素,由此建立的危险模型能够较好地指导临床工作者评估PMI风险。     

抗结核药物导致肝损伤的临床特征及危险因素分析

目的总结分析抗结核药物导致肝损伤的临床特征及危险因素。方法选取2017年1月—2018年12月在深圳市第三人民医院诊断为抗结核药物导致肝损伤的129例住院患者,分为肝功能异常组51例(39.53%),药物性肝损伤组78例(60.47%),其中肝衰竭13例(10.08%)。回顾性分析患者的实验室指标、治疗和预后资料。计数资料两组间比较采用χ~2检验,正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用独立样本t检验,非正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U秩和检验。通过多因素logistic回归分析药物性肝损伤、肝衰竭的风险因素。结果药物性肝损伤组和肝功能指标异常组间合并慢性HBV感染比例(χ~2=5.616,P=0.018)、无症状肝损伤比例(χ~2=9.451,P=0.002)、肝衰竭比例(χ~2=9.453,P=0.002)、需调整抗结核方案比例(χ~2=16.787,P0.001)、首次肝损伤时间(Z=-4.001,P 0.001)、肝功能恢复时间(Z=-1.735,P 0.001)、肝性脑病比例(χ~2=4.114,P=0.043)比较,差异均有统计学意义。多因素logistic回归分析显示,首次肝损伤时间 8周(OR=3.94,95%CI:1.02～15.25,P=0.047)、无症状肝损伤(OR=7.64,95%CI:1.63～35.86,P=0.010)是发生药物性肝损伤的独立危险因素。合并慢性HBV感染(OR=14.42,95%CI:2.66～78.09,P=0.002)、首次肝损伤时间8周(OR=11.97,95%CI:2.03～70.50,P=0.006)是发生肝衰竭的独立危险因素,Alb≥35 g/L(OR=0.07,95%CI:0.01～0.51,P=0.010)是其保护因素。结论抗结核药物会导致严重肝损伤,合并HBV感染、无症状肝损伤、发现肝损伤时间晚、低蛋白会增加严重肝损伤发生风险。定期随访、肝功能监测、适当营养支持和HBV筛查对降低抗结核期间的肝损伤风险具有重要意义。     

颈部淋巴结结核患者疾病进展的危险因素分析

目的 分析颈部淋巴结结核患者规范抗结核治疗过程中疾病进展的临床特征,并进行相关影响因素分析,为该疾病治疗提供新的理念及依据。方法 回顾性分析2020年3月至2022年3月成都市公共卫生临床医疗中心确诊为颈部淋巴结结核并进行规范抗结核治疗患者的临床资料。根据疾病转归分为进展组与未进展组,对两组患者性别、年龄、免疫细胞计数及合并症等基线资料进行统计分析,并对影响疾病进展及复发的相关因素进行单因素与多因素分析。结果 本研究共纳入颈部淋巴结结核患者129例,其中进展组70例,未进展组59例。进展组与未进展组患者CD4⁺T淋巴细胞计数(P <0.001)、CD8⁺T淋巴细胞计数(P=0.005)、NK细胞计数(P <0.001)、合并纵隔淋巴结肿大(P <0.001)、初治与复治(P <0.001)、是否耐药(P=0.004)差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析发现较低的NK细胞计数(OR=39.968,95%CI 9.324～171.333,P<0.001)、复治(OR=24.118,...     

奈韦拉平相关肝毒性的发病率及危险因素

目的 了解接受含奈韦拉平(NVP)的联合抗逆转录病毒治疗(cART)后获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)患者肝毒性的发生率,评估相关的危险因素.方法 回顾性研究本地区2003年3月2008年6月开始接受cART的AIDS患者的人口学和临床资料.单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析各变量与肝损害发生的相关性;Kaplan-Meier方法分析合并HCV感染和未合并HCV感染者肝损害的危险性.结果 330例患者中267例接受了基于NVP的cART,63例接受了基于依非韦仑(EFV)的cART,两组患者肝毒性发生率差异有统计学意义(49.8%比31.7%,x2=6.691,P-0.01).267例接受基于NVP的cART的患者,随访期间有133例(49.8%)出现了至少1次1级以上ALT升高,百人年发生率为28.5.基线期ALT升高(OR=14.368,P=0.017)、合并HCV感染(OR=3.009,P=0.000)与NVP相关肝毒性的发生显著相关.与未合并HCV感染者相比,合并HCV感染者发生肝毒性的可能性更大(x2=16.764,P=0.000).133例发生肝毒性反应的患者中,1例合并NVP相关重度皮疹死亡,尚未发现死于急性肝衰竭的病例,23例(17.3%)曾暂时停止cART或将NVP替换为EFV.结论 本队列接受含NVP的cART患者肝毒性较常见,基线期ALT水平升高、合开HCV感染是发生肝毒性反应的危险因素.     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术围术期红细胞输血危险因素分析

目的:分析非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)围术期红细胞输血的危险因素并探讨大量输血的相关因素。方法:选取2013年2月至2017年10月在我院接受单纯OPCAB治疗的1 257例患者,根据输血情况分为输血组603例,其中少量输血(≤4 U)471例、大量输血(4 U)132例,未输血组654例。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析与OPCAB围术期红细胞输血及大量输血相关的因素。结果:OPCAB围术期红细胞输血比例为47.97%(603/1 257)。输血组与未输血组患者年龄、性别、体重指数(BMI)、吸烟史、慢性心力衰竭、术前静脉应用儿茶酚胺类药物和硝酸酯类药物的差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,BMI(OR=0.902,95%CI:0.867~0.937,P0.001)、女性(OR=1.562,95%CI:1.344~1.817,P0.001)、年龄(OR=1.025,95%CI:1.007~1.044,P=0.008)、术前静脉应用儿茶酚胺类药物(OR=9.051,95%CI:1.037~78.979,P=0.046)和硝酸酯类药物(OR=1.359,95%CI:1.057~1.747,P=0.017)是OPCAB围术期红细胞输血独立危险因素。BMI(OR=0.875,95%CI:0.819~0.935,P0.001)、年龄(OR=1.031,95%CI:1.005~1.059,P=0.021)、术前静脉应用硝酸酯脂类药物(OR=1.771,95%CI:1.175~2.669,P=0.006)和儿茶酚胺类药物(OR=11.381,95%CI:2.050~63.193,P=0.005)与大量输血独立相关。结论:年龄、女性、低BMI、术前静脉应用硝酸酯类药物或儿茶酚胺类药物是OPCAB围术期红细胞输血危险因素;除女性因素,其余均与大量输血相关。     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.