外生性肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤与肾周脂肪肉瘤的CT特征分析

目的 分析外生性肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤与肾周脂肪肉瘤的CT征象及鉴别要点.方法 回顾性分析本院经病理证实的20例外生性肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤及20例肾周脂肪肉瘤的CT表现,使用两独立样本t检验及Fisher确切概率法对两者间的CT表现进行统计学分析.结果 20例外生性肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤中:肿瘤与肾脏交界面的肾皮质缺陷("杯口征")20例,瘤内血管扩张18例,肿瘤血管延伸至肾实质(肾实质血管蒂)20例,肿瘤血供来自肾动脉分支20例,合并瘤内或(和)周围出血6例,合并其他血管平滑肌脂肪瘤5例.以上这6种征象,多见于或仅见于外生性血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(P均<0.05).20例肾周脂肪肉瘤中:肿瘤内乏脂肪软组织结节20例,伴有肾位移19例,这2种征象多见于或仅见于肾周脂肪肉瘤(P均<0.05).外生性肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤肿块大小通常小于肾周脂肪肉瘤(P<0.05).两者之间的性别分布以及钙化发生率无统计学差异(P均>0.05).结论 特异性的CT表现有助于鉴别外生性肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤与肾周脂肪肉瘤,为临床治疗提供更为准确的影像学依据.     

肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤与肾癌的CT鉴别诊断

目的　探讨血管平滑肌脂肪瘤 (AML)杯口征与劈裂征的形成机制 ,评价其对AML与肾癌的鉴别诊断意义。方法　收集CT或病理诊断直径 5cm以下的AML 30例 ,经手术病理证实直径小于 4cm的原发性肾癌 2 6例 ,分别统计AML组与肾癌组“杯口征”及“劈裂征”的阳性率 ,进行盲法研究并与病理表现相对照。结果　 30例AML中 2 5例杯口征阳性 (83 3% ) ,2 2例劈裂征阳性 (73 3% ) ,其中 7例无或少脂成分AML中 ,杯口征阳性 6例 ,劈裂征阳性 5例 ;2 6例小肾癌中 6例杯口征阳性(2 3 1% ) (P <0 0 0 5 ) ,5例劈裂征阳性 (19 2 % ) (P <0 0 0 5 )。经统计学检验 ,笔者结果及盲法结果与病理结果的差异无显著性意义 (χ2 =2 333,P >0 1;χ2 =0 177,P >0 5 )。结论　杯口征与劈裂征可在一定程度上反映AML的生物学特性 ,结合肿瘤的其他影像特征可帮助AML的定性诊断     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤多层螺旋CT和MRI表现

目的 分析胰腺实性假乳头状瘤(SPNP)的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)和MRI表现,提高对该肿瘤的诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析21例经手术病理证实的SPNP患者的CT和MRI征象.所有患者均行CT 三期动态增强扫描,4例同时行CT平扫检查,14例同时行MRI平扫和多期动态增强扫描.结果 所有肿瘤单发,边界清楚,大多为类圆形,位于胰头5例、颈5例、体4例、尾7例;3例为实性肿瘤且瘤体较小,18例为较大的囊实性肿瘤;CT显示5例钙化,2例出血,5例包膜显示清楚.MRI发现1例钙化,8例出血,14例包膜显示清楚.动态增强扫描所有肿瘤均为乏血供,均无胰管扩张,较大肿瘤压迫周围结构但未见受侵.结论 SPNP具有较为典型的CT和MRI表现,MRI在SPNP特征性征象的显示方面较CT更具优势,MSCT和MRI检查对该肿瘤诊断具有重要价值,两者互为补充.     

肺癌病理类型与肿瘤CT征象关系分析

目的 探讨肺癌临床病理类型与肿瘤CT征象的关系.方法 回顾分析120例肺癌病理及CT征象,行统计学分析和卡方检验.结果 CT征象中,磨玻璃征发生率最高(24.17%),其次是空洞(14.17%),钙化发生率最低,仅为5.83%;腺癌磨玻璃征发生率(46.51%)远高于鳞癌(9.26%)和小细胞癌(17.39%),统计学差异显著(P＜0.01).肿瘤CT边缘征象,分叶和毛刺发生率最高,分别为65.83%、51.67%,其次胸膜凹陷征(31.67%)、血管集束征(20.83%);腺癌发生胸膜凹陷征明显高于其他2组(55.81%,24.07%,4.35%),有显著的统计学差异(P＜0.01);腺癌分叶、毛刺以及血管集束征发生率较鳞癌和小细胞癌高.CT上腺癌磨玻璃征和胸膜凹陷征明显高于鳞癌和小细胞癌(P＜0.01).结论 肺癌的CT征象与临床病理类型密切相关.     

儿童卵巢扭转的影像学征象及卵巢坏死评估

【摘要】目的：探讨影像学征象在儿童卵巢扭转的诊断及卵巢坏死评估中的价值。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的33例儿童卵巢扭转的临床及影像学资料。所有患者行CT和/或MRI检查,统计各影像征象的发生率。按手术病理结果将病例分为坏死组和为非坏死组,比较两组间各影像征象发生率的差异。结果：33例卵巢扭转各征象发生率由高到低分别为增强扫描无强化征（85.7%）、附件出血征（60.6%）、附件最大径≥5cm（57.6%）、蒂样突起征（39.4%）、偏心性壁增厚征（36.4%）、果盘征（27.3%）、子宫患侧移位征（24.2%）、包膜下积液征（9.1%）。附件出血征的发生率在坏死组与非坏死组间具有统计学差异（χ2=22.074,P＜0.001）;其余征象在两组间均无统计学差异（P均＞0.05）。结论：增强扫描无强化征是儿童卵巢扭转最常见的影像学征象,但不能提示卵巢坏死;附件出血征可提示卵巢坏死,为临床治疗方案的选择提供依据。     

原发性前纵隔肿瘤73例CT分析

目的 探讨原发性前纵隔肿瘤的CT特征性表现及鉴别诊断.方法 回顾性分析73例经病理证实的常见前纵隔肿瘤(37例胸腺瘤,17例生殖细胞肿瘤,19例淋巴瘤)的患者CT表现,包括肿瘤有无脂肪密度、囊变、钙化、强化、纵隔侵犯和淋巴结肿大.结果 58.8％ (10/17)的生殖细胞瘤发现脂肪密度,出现率显著高于其他前纵隔肿瘤(P＜0.001).73.7％(14/19)淋巴瘤发现纵隔肿大淋巴结,显著高于其他前纵隔肿瘤(P＜0.001).其他CT征像在这些前纵隔肿瘤中无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论 前纵隔肿瘤CT扫描发现脂肪密度和纵隔淋巴结肿大为特异性征像,脂肪密度的出现高度提示生殖细胞肿瘤,而前纵隔肿瘤伴有淋巴结肿大高度提示淋巴瘤.     

甲状腺微小乳头状癌的CT特征性征象与病理的对照研究

目的:探讨甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)CT特征性征象与病理特点的相关性.方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的72例共77枚PTMC的CT特征性征象,包括平扫CT值、强化方式、假包膜征、边缘中断征及钙化情况,并观察相应的病理组织学特点,评估PTMC的CT特征性征象与病理的相关性.结果:测量69枚PTMC的平扫CT值,病理表...     

MRI对纤维源性软组织肿瘤的诊断价值

【摘要】目的：总结分析纤维源性软组织肿瘤的MRI表现，提高诊断水平。方法：回顾性分析经病理证实的70例纤维源性软组织肿瘤患者（良性组20例，中间性组30例，恶性组20例）的MRI资料，并对三组肿瘤的大小、瘤内信号、瘤周水肿、侵袭性及肿瘤特殊征象进行统计学分析。结果：肿瘤大小在三组病变中差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.01）；瘤周水肿、坏死囊变、“筋膜尾征”在三组病变中差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.01），在恶性组中最为多见；肿瘤的侵袭性征象在中间性组和恶性组中更多见，与良性组的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。此外，韧带样纤维瘤病的“树根征”及皮肤隆突性纤维肉瘤的“皮肤尾征”、“脂肪尾征”以及黏液样纤维肉瘤的“筋膜尾征”等征象均为其特征性影像表现。结论：肿瘤大小、侵袭性、瘤周水肿、坏死囊变结合肿瘤的特殊征象进行综合分析，可提高纤维源性软组织肿瘤的术前定性诊断符合率。     

儿童畸胎瘤样肾母细胞瘤的CT诊断价值分析

目的 分析儿童畸胎瘤样肾母细胞瘤(TWT)的CT特征,提高该病的临床诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析7例手术病理证实的TWT患儿的临床资料及CT表现,并进行CT分型、分期,结合国内外文献总结其特点。结果 7例TWT患儿男女比例5∶2,年龄6个月～5岁11个月,位于右肾3例,左肾3例,双肾1例;其中4例肿瘤边界欠清,包膜不完整;5例为囊实性,4例可见“囊中囊”、“瘤中瘤”征象;5例病灶内有明确脂肪成分,5例伴钙化,CT分型Ⅰa型3例、Ⅰb型2例、Ⅱa型2例、未见Ⅱb型;增强后肿瘤强化不均匀,实性部分呈渐进性强化,6例血供丰富,残肾明显强化呈“杯口状”;4例肾周脂肪间隙模糊,2例见同侧肾静脉瘤栓,1例见肾盂、上段输尿管内瘤栓,2例邻近腹膜种植,3例肾门、腹膜后淋巴结肿大,无远处转移;CT分期为Ⅰ期1例、Ⅱ期2例、Ⅲ期3例、Ⅴ期1例,符合率85.7%(6/7);3例行术前化疗后复查CT显示肿瘤部分退缩。结论 儿童TWT CT表现具有一定特征,肿瘤内发现脂肪成分、“囊中囊”、“瘤中瘤”征象有助于该病诊断,CT分期准确率高,可指导临床治疗。     

前列腺癌MRI及CT征象的敏感性分析

目的：比较分析MRI及CT显示前列腺癌征象的敏感度。方法：回顾性分析20例经病理证实的前列腺癌患者的MRI及CT图像并与病理结果进行对照,CT均行平扫加增强扫描及MPR重建;MRI行常规轴面、矢状面及冠状面扫描。结果：MRI及CT均显示19例前列腺体积增大;10例侵犯精囊,2例侵犯膀胱,2例侵犯直肠前壁,盆腔区域淋巴结转移3例,髂骨转移1例;CT显示密度不均匀者18例,含小钙化者2例,4例包膜未受侵犯;MRI显示所有病例信号不均匀,少量出血1例;2例包膜未受侵犯。结论：MRI对病灶的信号改变敏感,对病灶内合并少量出血时更敏感,较CT对包膜侵犯有更高的敏感度,但对微小的包膜侵犯诊断的敏感度低,CT对小钙化较敏感,CT及MRI对于前列腺中央区的小癌灶均不敏感。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.