肝豆状核变性患者灰质结构MRI形态学初步研究

目的 :利用基于体素的形态测量学(voxel-based mor phometry,VBM)方法,探讨肝豆状核变性(Wilson’s disease,WD)患者全脑灰质结构变化特点。方法 :采集30例WD患者(WD组)及30例健康志愿者(对照组)的大脑3.0 T MRI高分辨力T1WI图像,通过FSL-VBM软件进行数据预处理后,利用AFNI软件行双样本t检验,比较2组全脑灰质体积差异,运算结果经FDR校正(P=0.001,α0.05)。结果 :WD组与对照组比较,双侧的尾状核、苍白球、丘脑背内侧核、小脑半球、中央前后回、岛叶、额中回,脑桥基底部,左侧的后扣带回及丘脑枕灰质体积萎缩;双侧的岛叶及胼胝体,右侧的颞上回、额上回、红核,左侧的颞中回、额内侧回存在灰质体积增生。结论:WD患者灰质核团及大脑皮层存在广泛灰质体积萎缩,而部分皮层区域及少数灰质核团存在灰质体积增生;灰质异常脑区对解释其临床症状具有重要意义。     

应用优化的基于体素的形态测量学方法显示强迫症患者脑灰质异常

目的 运用优化的基于体素的形态学方法(VBM)研究中国汉族人群强迫症(OCD)患者脑灰质结构异常以及与临床症状的相关性.方法 选取20例OCD患者和年龄、性别匹配的20名正常对照者,进行高分辨3.0 T MR扫描,在统计参数图(SPM)5软件中采用优化的VBM方法处理三维T1结构像,然后比较OCD患者与正常对照组脑灰质体积的差异.并提取代表OCD患者有差异脑区体积平均值的特征值,与临床评分以及病程进行Pearson相关性分析.结果 与正常对照组相比,经过错误发现率(FDR)校正,OCD患者双侧丘脑以及左侧小脑的灰质体积增大,同时没有发现OCD患者相对正常对照组灰质体积减小的区域.代表OCD患者左侧丘脑体积特征值为0.5782～0.8890,平均为0.6813±0.0718,右侧丘脑体积特征值为0.5546～0.9062,平均为0.6869±0.0808,两者呈正相关(r=0.94,P＜0.01).结论 运用优化的VBM方法发现,OCD患者双侧丘脑及左侧小脑灰质体积增加,为OCD患者临床症状学的差异提供了脑结构的神经影像学证据,提示双侧丘脑以及小脑在OCD发生的病理生理机制当中具有重要作用.

Abstract：

Objective To explore changes of gray matter volume in patients with obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD) in Chinese Han population using optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) ,and investigate its relationship with clinical symptoms. Methods Twenty patients with OCD and 20 age,sex and handedness matched healthy controls were scanned using 3D-T1 images on a 3.0 T MR system. The high resolution T1WI was preprocessed according to the optimized VBM protocol in Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM5). Two-sample t test was performed to characterize the differences of the gray matter volume (GMV) between the OCD patients and healthy controls, and the correlations between the GMV and symptom severity and cumulative illness duration were examined using Pearson correlation in SPSS 16. 0, respectively.Results Compared to controls, OCD patients demonstrated increased GMV in left thalamus, right thalamus and left cerebellum after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. No areas of significantly decreased GMV was observed in OCD patients in relative to healthy controls. The mean eigenvalue ranged from 0. 5782 to 0. 889 representing the left thalamus volume of OCD patients was 0. 6813 ± 0. 0718, and that ranged from 0. 5546 to 0. 9062 was 0. 6869 ± 0. 0808 tor right thalamus. The mean eigenvalues were positively correlated in bilateral thalamus (r = 0. 94, P ＜ 0. 01). Conclusion Using optimized VBM, the current research indicates that the pathophysiology of OCD is associated with GMV abnormalities not only in corticostriato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit, but also in the cerebellum.     

脊髓型颈椎病患者解压术后大脑皮层结构重塑的MRI研究

目的 应用基于体素形态学测量(VBM),研究脊髓型颈椎病(CSM)患者解压术前、后大脑感觉运动网络(SMN)内的脑区灰质体积的改变,探讨CSM患者大脑感觉运动皮层结构损伤机制及其参与术后结构重塑的神经机制.方法 采用3.0T磁共振对21例CSM患者与21名匹配健康对照者进行容积MRI扫描,并进行随访复查;基于VBM方法,采用独立或配对样本t检验比较CSM患者解压术前、术后大脑感觉运动皮层灰质体积改变情况,及Pearson线性分析异常脑区灰质体积改变情况和临床功能评估之间的相关性.结果 与健康对照者比较,CSM患者术前左侧小脑前叶、左侧顶下小叶、右侧额中回、右侧中央前/后回灰质及双侧岛叶灰质体积减小;CSM患者术后3个月复查,左侧小脑后叶、右侧颞中回及颞上回、右侧丘脑、双侧辅助运动区灰质体积较术前减小,左侧顶下小叶、右侧顶上小叶、右侧中央前回/中央后回灰质体积增加;较健康对照者双侧岛叶灰质体积减小及双侧小脑前叶灰质体积增加(GRF校正).术前及术后3个月复查时CSM患者组异常区域灰质体积与日本骨科协会评估治疗(JOA)评分、颈椎功能障碍指数(NDI)评分及病程并无明显相关性(P＞0.05).结论 CSM患者解压术前、术后存在感觉运动皮层灰质体积异常,提示脊髓病变可导致大脑结构损伤;解压术后局部灰质趋于正常提示皮质重塑参与CSM术后恢复;CSM患者术前术后感觉运动皮层存在结构性损伤与重塑.     

早期帕金森病患者脑灰质结构异常的MRI初步研究

目的:研究早期帕金森病(Parkinson disease,PD)患者全脑灰质体积异常脑区。方法:采集1.5TMRI高分辨T1WI,运用基于体素的形态学测量技术(voxel-based morphometry,VBM)对15例早期PD患者及15例健康老年人(对照组)的大脑灰质图像进行比较,并对2组数据的灰质体积差异采用国际通用的统计参数图表示。结果:早期PD患者与对照组比较,右侧部分脑区灰质体积萎缩,包括右侧颞叶中下回、枕中回、梭状回;左侧部分脑区体积增加,包括左侧楔叶、舌回、左海马旁回、梭状回、楔前叶及中央前回。结论:VBM方法能较全面、准确、定量地反映早期PD患者存在的脑灰质体积异常区域,为早期PD患者出现复杂的非运动症状提供影像学依据。     

先天性耳聋患者脑基于体素的形态测量学研究

目的应用基于体素的形态测量学方法(VBM)研究先天性耳聋患者的灰质和白质变化情况。资料与方法对18例先天性耳聋患者和22名健康自愿者全脑进行三维磁共振成像数据采集,应用(diffeomorphic anatom-ical registration through exponential lie algebra,DARTEL)对灰质和白质进行VBM分析。以簇体积>100个体素,且P<0.001为差异有统计学意义。结果与健康自愿者相比,耳聋患者灰质体积增大的脑区为左侧颞横回和双侧小脑(P<0.001);灰质体积减小的脑区为双侧楔回、左侧梭状回和右侧中央前回(P<0.001);白质体积减小的脑区为双侧前扣带回、左侧胼胝体、左侧舌回和右侧额中回(P<0.001)。结论先天性耳聋患者灰质和白质发生改变,反映了脑可塑性重组及患者使用手语交流导致脑结构发生的改变。     

基于体素的形态学测量无常规MR异常的颞叶癫痫的灰质改变

目的 利用基于体素的形态学分析(voxel-based optimized morphometry,VBM)及基于统计参数图的个体脑结构分析(individual brain atlases using SPM,IBASPM)软件,分析无常规MR异常的颞叶癫痫患者全脑灰质结构的改变.方法 对30例颞叶癫痫患者及40例正常健康志愿者行全脑扫描,扫描序列为磁化快速梯度回波(magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo,MPRAGE)扫描序列,获得高分辨T1WI图像,数据分析采用以SPM5(statistical parametric mapping 5)软件包为基础的VBM及IBASPM技术进行处理,利用SPSS16.0分别进行统计学分析.结果 通过比较,VBM显示颞叶癫痫患者双侧扣带前回、右侧扣带中回、左侧丘脑、双侧中央后回、左侧中央前回、左侧颞上回及右侧颞下回不同程度的灰质体素值减少,癫痫组灰质总体积明显小于对照组,有显著性差异(P<0.05).癫痫组的双侧扣带前回、右侧扣带中回、左侧颞上回及右侧颞下回灰质体素值均小于对照组相应脑区,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),癫痫组的左侧丘脑、双侧中央后回、左侧中央前回灰质体素值与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论 利用VBM及IBASPM技术,说明无常规MR异常的颞叶癫痫灰质总体积明显减小,并显示局灶性灰质体素值改变的脑区,提示了病变的主要部位,为临床精确治疗提供信息.     

特发性全身性癫痫分数低频振幅及局部一致性的静息态f MR I研究

目的：观察特发性全身性癫痫(IGE)患者静息状态下全脑功能改变情况。方法采用3.0T MR扫描仪对23例 IGE患者(IGE组)及23例健康志愿者(对照组)行全脑3D 结构相及静息态功能磁共振成像(RS-fMRI)扫描,进行全脑分数低频振幅(fALFF)及局部一致性(ReHo)功能分析,并对比 IGE组相比对照组 fALFF及 ReHo 改变的脑区,分析 IGE 组差异脑区与患者病程的相关性。结果与正常对照组相比,IGE组 fALFF升高的脑区位于双侧中央前回、左侧辅助运动区、左侧扣带回、左侧中央旁小叶、左侧距状裂周围皮层、左侧枕上回、左侧枕中回及右侧楔前叶;fALFF降低的脑区位于双侧颞下回、右侧海马旁回、右侧岛叶、右侧楔前叶及左侧顶下小叶(P<0.005)。ReHo 升高的脑区位于左侧距状裂周围皮层、左顶上小叶、左中央后回及右中央前回;ReHo降低的脑区位于右侧梭状回、左侧豆状核、右侧额下回、右内侧额上回、左侧枕中回、右侧岛叶及双侧顶下小叶(P<0.005)。IGE组 fALFF及 ReHo的差异脑区与患者病程均无相关性。结论 IGE患者脑内广泛的脑区功能异常改变可能是 IGE复杂临床表现的神经病理基础。联合应用 RS-fMRI的2种分析方法能较全面地评价静息状态下脑功能状态的改变情况,为 IGE 神经病理生理机制的研究提供可靠的功能神经解剖学依据。     

特发性全身性癫痫患者脑灰质结构基于体素的形态学测量的研究

目的 运用基于体素的形态学测量(VBM)方法分析特发性全身性癫痫患者(IGE)和正常人全脑灰质体积的差异.方法采用GE 3.0T HDX 超导型磁共振扫描仪对28例IGE患者和25例正常对照进行全脑高分辨解剖像扫描.在Matlab 7.0平台上采用SPM5软件包对图像进行处理.采用双样本t检验,将P< 0.005、像素簇大小＞200个体素的脑区作为有统计学差异的脑区.结果 与正常对照相比,IGE患者显示双侧大脑半球广泛脑区的灰质体积减少,包括双侧扣带回、双侧额中回、右侧额上回、右侧额叶直回、右楔叶、左侧尾状核头;与正常对照相比IGE患者灰质体积增加的脑区包括左侧颞上回、左侧屏状核、右侧豆状核.结论 VBM能揭示IGE患者存在广泛脑区灰质密度异常,灰质密度减低脑区多与认知功能相关,是引起癫痫患者认知功能下降的原因之一.     

遗忘型轻度认知损害的全脑灰质基于体素的MRI形态分析

目的：利用优化基于体素的MRI形态分析（voxel-based morphometry,VBM）,研究遗忘型轻度认知损害（amnestic mild cognitive impairment,aMCI）和正常老年人的脑灰质体积变化。方法：选取aMCl患者20例和正常老年对照18例,MRI排除脑内其他病变,然后行高分辨率三维T1WI扫描。应用优化VBM方法处理数据,将脑组织分割成灰质、白质和脑脊液,最后应用两样本t检验比较两组被试灰质体积改变。结果：VBM结果显示与正常老年对照组比较,aMCI患者组双侧额颞叶出现广泛的灰质体积减少,具体脑区为右侧海马钩回、双侧额下回、双侧额中回、右侧额上回、双颞叶额中回、左侧颞下回、左侧颞上回、右侧顶上小叶、左侧枕中回等结构灰质体积小于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）。结论：VBM方法可显示aMCl患者全脑灰质萎缩情况,对临床早期诊断aMCl患者有重要价值,具有广阔的临床应用前景。     

原发性闭角型青光眼手术前后静息态功能MRI的局部一致性研究

目的 应用静息态功能磁共振分析原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)患者小梁网联合周边虹膜切除手术前后自发性脑活动的变化.方法 40例术前PACG患者及40例年龄、性别匹配的正常健康对照组(HC)均接受静息态fMRI检查,10例PACG患者于术后3个月复查静息态fMRI.计算所有受试者全脑ReHo值,采用两样本t检验比较40例术前PACG患者与HC组ReHo值差异;同时,采用配对样本t检验比较10例PACG患者术前与术后ReHo值差异.结果 与HC组对比,术前PACG组ReHo减低的脑区包括右侧梭状回,双侧枕中回,左侧枕下回,左侧颞中回,双侧中央前回,左侧顶上小叶,右侧中央后回,左侧中央旁小叶;ReHo升高的脑区包括双侧小脑后叶,双侧额上回(AlphaSim校正,P＜0.01,33个体素).10例PACG患者术后与术前对比,右侧颞中回、左侧楔叶神经活动一致性增加,右侧额上回、右侧额下回神经活动一致性减低(AlphaSim校正,P＜ 0.01,33个体素).结论 PACG患者术前存在视觉以及情感认知调节相关脑区局部一致性异常;此外,通过青光眼手术,PACG患者视觉区域出现脑功能活动重塑,为进一步研究PACG的神经病理机制以及监测PACG的治疗提供了一定帮助.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.