肾实质切开取石与肾盂切开气压弹道碎石术治疗无萎缩肾巨大肾结石疗效比较

目的比较肾盂切开气压弹道碎石与肾实质切开取石术治疗无肾萎缩巨大肾结石的效果。方法160例无肾萎缩巨大肾结石患者,随机分为两组,采用肾盂切开气压弹道碎石术(A组,80例)与肾实质切开取石术(B组,80例)治疗。结果A组平均手术时间、平均出血量均较B组明显减少,术后肾功能恢复较好。结论肾盂切开气压弹道碎石术治疗无肾萎缩巨大肾结石,手术时间短,出血少,肾功能损害小,效果满意。     

复杂肾结石微创经皮肾镜穿刺取石术与开放手术的对比分析

目的:对比分析复杂肾结石开放性手术与微创经皮肾镜穿刺取石术的疗效。方法:回顾分析2000年1月至2008年10月我院收治137例复杂肾结石患者的临床资料,其中行开放手术79例(开放组),微创经皮肾镜穿刺取石术58例(微创组)。结果:两组术后发热及并发症无明显差异(P>0.05)。而结石清除率、手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、输血率、平均住院费用等两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:现阶段基层医院处理复杂肾结石,施行开放手术是有效的手术方式。     

复杂性肾结石并慢性肾功能不全的外科治疗

目的:总结2 6例复杂性肾结石并慢性肾功能不全病例的手术经验,提高复杂性肾结石并慢性肾功能不全的治疗水平。方法:采用切开肾盂,肾内肾盂患者可暴露肾窦,甚至分离至肾盏颈,根据结石的特点,必要时可切开部分薄弱区域肾实质及盏颈。结果:手术不损伤肾内主要血管,术中出血少。术后4周复查肾功能,2 6例患者中16例恢复正常,10例明显好转。术后7例有部分小结石残留。结论:复杂性肾结石并慢性肾功能不全的处理原则是早期诊断和处理,及时解除梗阻,最大限度保护肾功能。消极等待不如积极治疗。     

经皮肾镜碎石术对孤立肾功能的长期影响

<正>目的:研究经皮肾镜碎石术(PNL)对孤立肾肾结石患者肾功能的长期影响,并确定导致肾功能恶化的因素。方法:对2002年1月至2009年12月行PNL治疗的孤立肾肾结石患者的资料进行回顾性分析,其中随访时间少于2年的患者被排除。并发症、二次治疗措施和结石清除率被记录下来。肾功能的变化通过术前和术后的肾小球滤过率进行评估。通过单变量和多变量分析对可能影响肾功能的术前、术中和术后因素进行统计学处理,以确     

超声引导下微造漏经皮肾镜取石术治疗孤立肾肾结石

目的探讨超声引导下微造瘘经皮肾镜取石术(MPCNL)治疗孤立肾肾结石的安全性及有效性。方法取2004年8月至2012年9月本院开展的利用MPCNL治疗的孤立肾肾结石病例24例,对该24例接受治疗的患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 24例患者均采用单通道取石,其中18例一次性取石,3例两次取石,其余3例残余小结石经ESWL清除小结石,结石总取净率87.5%,2例出现术后大出血,经介入栓塞治疗后痊愈。平均手术时间90分钟,平均出血量90ml,平均住院时间8天,随访4~18个月,14例肾功能不全患者中,12例肾功能恢复正常,术后大出血介入栓塞患者肾功能有所改善。结论超声引导下MPCNL治疗孤立肾结石具有创伤小,结石取净率高,肾功能影响小,患者恢复快等优点,是一种安全可行,效果确切的治疗孤立肾肾结石的方法。     

复杂肾结石行改良经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗的临床效果观察

目的探讨复杂肾结石行改良经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗的临床效果。方法选取于本院进行治疗的复杂肾结石患者110例,随机分为对照组和观察组。对照组行开放取石治疗方案;观察组行改良经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗方案。比较两组患者治疗效果、手术、住院情况、结石清除以及术后并发症发生情况。结果观察组临床有效率、手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、结石清除率以及术后并发症发生率优于对照组,组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论复杂肾结石行改良经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗手术创伤小,结石清除率高,治疗效果可靠,具有重要的临床意义。     

微创经皮肾镜碎石取石术治疗肾结石的疗效观察

目的分析应用微创经皮肾镜碎石取石术(MPCNL)治疗肾结石的体会。方法对32例肾结石患者采用微创经皮肾穿刺取石术,观察治疗效果及并发症情况。结果 31例患者一期取石成功,一期结石清除率及总结石清除率96.8%。1例因术中出血,留置肾造瘘管后改二期取石,平均术中出血量(186.4±35.8)mL,平均手术时间(78.6±18.4)min,平均住院时间(8.30±1.56)d。患者均获6个月随访,术后肾功能均恢复较好,未出现结石复发病例。结论 MPCNL治疗肾结石,创伤小、并发症低、预后良好。     

原位低温肾动脉阻断下无萎缩性肾实质切开取石术治疗复杂性肾结石

采用原位低温、阻断肾动脉下无萎缩性肾实质切开取石术治疗16例复杂性肾结石,结石全部取出,出血量平均140ml。无严重并发症,受损的肾功能术后均有不同程度改善。本术式具有出血少,取石彻底,安全,及对肾功能影响小的优点。     

经皮肾镜取石术治疗多囊肾并肾结石12例报告

目的:探讨B超结合X线引导经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)治疗多囊肾并肾结石的可行性及安全性。方法:2009年9月~2013年9月吗,广西医科大学第一附属医院及解放军303医院应用PCNL治疗多囊肾并肾结石患者合计12例。结果:12例患者肾脏均成功建立经皮肾通道,无中转开放手术者,无严重并发症发生。术后1~7天复查无石率91.7%(11/12)。1例残留结石行ESWL治疗。手术时间50~140min,平均(95.3±30.9)min;术中出血量10~200ml,平均(97.5±69.8)ml。术前术后血清肌酐均值分别为(165.71±46.32)μmol/L及(139.43±32.63)μmol/L,差异无统计学意义(P=0.223)。7例肾功能不全患者术后血清肌酐水平均有不同程度恢复,其中3例恢复至正常水平。术后住院时间4~7d,平均(5.67±1.15)d。随访5~24个月,无结石复发,肾功能稳定。结论:PCNL治疗多囊肾并肾结石是有效的、安全的。     

肝下下腔静脉阻断与控制性低中心静脉压在复杂肝切除术中应用的比较

目的:比较肝下下腔静脉(IIVC)阻断与控制性低中心静脉压(CLCVP)技术在复杂肝切除术中应用的安全性及有效性。方法:回顾性分析2016年3月—2017年12月行复杂肝切除术的103例原发性肝癌患者临床资料,术中所有患者均采用Pringle法控制入肝血流,其中56例行IIVC阻断(IIVC阻断组),47例行CLCVP技术(CLCVP组)降低中心静脉压(CVP)。比较两组切肝过程中CVP的变化、切肝过程出血量、手术总出血量、术中尿量、输血率、术后并发症发生率、术后肝功能与肾功能变化。结果:两组患者一般资料差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。与切肝前对比,两组患者在切肝过程中CVP均明显下降,但IIVC阻断组CVP较CLCVP降低更明显,且IIVC阻断组切肝过程中出血量、手术总出血量、术后第3天ALT和术后第3、7天TBIL均明显低于CLCVP组(均P0.05)。两组患者术中尿量、输血率及术后并发症发生率、肾功能情况差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:IIVC阻断联合Pringle法操作简单方便,相对于CLCVP技术,其对全身血流动力学影响较小,肝功能恢复更快,且更容易降低CVP,减少术中肝脏断面出血,有利于提高复杂肝切除术的安全性。     

Urgent superselective segmental renal artery embolization in the treatment of life-threatening renal hemorrhage

INTRODUCTION: Renal hemorrhage is a major life-threatening condition that can be caused by trauma, operation, biopsy, as well as sudden spontaneous rupture of renal tumors or aneurysms. We report our experience with superselective segmental renal artery catheterization and embolization as therapeutic options for such cases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Over the last 8 years, 28 patients with severe renal hemorrhage were admitted for evaluation and possible further treatment. Twenty of them had a history of previous biopsy (6 of them one of a transplanted kidney), 1 patient had a recent percutaneous nephrostomy, 4 patients presented with renal mass ruptures (2 patients renal cell carcinoma, 1 patient angiomyolipoma, 1 patient hemorrhagic cysts), 1 patient had rupture of a renal aneurysm during delivery, 1 patient suffered bleeding after partial nephrectomy, and 1 patient was hospitalized after a car accident. They all presented with clinical signs of hemodynamic instability. Angiographic investigation of the kidneys preceded further intervention in all cases. 26 out of the 28 patients underwent superselective embolization of the specific bleeding vessel with the use of microcoils and/or Gelfoam particles. RESULTS: All patients treated by superselective segmental renal artery embolization had a successful outcome, including a steady renal function and a stable clinical course. No complications occurred. CONCLUSION: Superselective segmental renal artery catheterization and embolization is a safe and efficient method for the treatment of patients with severe renal hemorrhage, preserving healthy renal parenchyma and renal function.     

低温下肾蒂阻断肾实质切开取石术治疗复杂性肾结石25例报告

目的：探讨低温下肾蒂阻断肾实质切开取石术在复杂性肾结石治疗中的应用。方法：选择复杂性肾结石患者25例，阻断前静脉注射肌苷2．0g，均采用低温下阻断肾蒂，沿Brodel线作肾实质切开取石术。结果：25例肾蒂阻断17～45min，术中出血150～450ml，手术时间100～160mln，结石残留2例。术后随访6个月～4年，术后肾功能恢复良好。结论：低温肾蒂阻断肾实质切开取石术是治疗复杂性肾结石的重要方法，结石取净率高，并发症少，对肾功能无影响。     

Nonoperative management of major blunt renal lacerations with urinary extravasation: report of two cases

Two cases of major blunt renal trauma with urinary extravasation managed by conservative treatment are presented herein. The first case: A 13-year-old girl fell from a bicycle. A computed tomographic (CT) scan showed right renal laceration with retroperitoneal hematoma. Renal arteriography showed evidence of fresh arterial bleeding without visualization of the lower pole. She was treated conservatively with superselective arterial embolization of the lower pole. She developed no urinoma with normal renal function. Renal renin and blood pressures stayed within the normal range in follow up studies. The second case: A 12-year-old boy fell from a tree and hit his right flank. A CT scan showed fragmentation of right renal cortex with retroperitoneal hematoma. He was treated conservatively as his vital signs remained stable, no active arterial bleeding was found no renal arteriography and both renal pelvis and ureters were well visualized by intra venous pyelography. Retroperitoneal hematoma was absorbed without formation of urinoma. Renal function remained within normal limits in follow up studies.     

常温下阻断肾蒂肾切开取石治疗复杂性铸型肾结石

目的 探讨常温下阻断肾蒂肾实质切开取石治疗复杂性铸型肾结石的临床疗效.方法 对20例复杂性铸型肾结石患者均采取常温下阻断肾蒂肾实质或+肾盂切开取石术.手术前、后检查包括腹部平片、静脉尿路造影、CT、B超、尿素氮、肌酐等项目并术后随访.结果 20例患者均顺利完成取石,一次性取净结石17例,结石残余残留率为15％.手术时间...     

Factors that can minimize bleeding complications after renal biopsy

Renal biopsy is a very important diagnostic tool in the evaluation of renal diseases. However, bleeding remains to be one of the most serious complications in this procedure. Many new techniques have been improved to make it safer. The risk factors and predictors of bleeding after percutaneous renal biopsy have been extensively reported in many literatures, and generally speaking, the common risk factors for renal biopsy complications focus on hypertension, high serum creatinine, bleeding diatheses, amyloidosis, advanced age, gender and so on. Our primary purpose of this review is to summarize current measures in recent years literature aiming at minimizing the bleeding complication after the renal biopsy, including the drug application before and after renal biopsy, operation details in percutaneous renal biopsies, nursing and close monitoring after the biopsy and other kinds of biopsy methods.     

Descending thoracic aortic aneurysm repair with the aid of partial cardiopulmonary bypass: heparin-coated circuits versus nonheparin-coated circuits

BACKGROUND: We have performed descending thoracic aortic aneurysm repairs with partial cardiopulmonary bypass, including heparin-coated circuits. The aim of this study was to evaluate (i) the impact of partial cardiopulmonary bypass on distal organ function and surgical outcomes; and (ii) the effectiveness of using heparin-coated circuits for preventing bleeding complications. METHODS: From July 1980 to June 2004, 309 patients underwent descending thoracic aortic aneurysm repairs using partial cardiopulmonary bypass. Their mean age was 61 years (range 19-81 years). One hundred of the 309 patients underwent repair of descending thoracic aortic aneurysm with heparin-coated circuits. Blood data for renal and hepatic function were collected on the day before the operation and postoperative days. RESULTS: The in-hospital mortality was 15%. Distal organ dysfunction included spinal cord dysfunction in 2 patients (0.7%) and renal failure necessitating hemodialysis in 15 patients (5%, 15/297: excluded 12 dialysis patients). Multivariate analyses showed that preoperative hemodialysis and emergency operation were risk factors for operative mortality and that emergency operation was a risk factor for requiring hemodialysis. Renal and hepatic function normalized by 2 weeks after surgery. There were no significant differences between the heparin-coated group and nonheparin-coated group in amounts of packed red cells, fresh frozen plasma, and platelets transfused during the procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed that partial cardiopulmonary bypass is a safe and effective method for distal perfusion. Using this technique, descending thoracic aortic aneurysm repair can be performed with acceptable mortality and morbidity. However, the superiority of heparin-coated circuits over nonheparin-coated ones was not proved.     

Microalbuminuria and deterioration of renal function after elective repair of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm

AIMS: Renal dysfunction affects the prognosis of patients after aortic surgery. However, the factors associated with the postoperative deterioration of renal function has not been clarified precisely. METHOD: We prospectively examined renal function in 80 patients (age: 73 +/- 7 years, 66 males) who required the elective repair of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Serum creatinine (Scr) was measured. 24-h-creatinine clearance (Ccr) and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) were determined. Renal volume and mean renal length were calculated using the data obtained by ultrasonography. 48 patients showed normal UAE (< 30 mg/day), and 24 had microalbuminuria (30-300 mg/day) and 8 had overt proteinuria (> 300 mg/day). Scr were 0.9 +/- 0.4, 1.0 +/- 0.3 and 2.1 +/- 1.3 mg/dl, respectively. RESULTS: On Day 5 after surgery, 12 patients (15%) showed deterioration of renal function as defined either by an increase in Scr (> or = 0.5 mg/dl) or by a decrease in Ccr > or =20%). The acute deterioration of renal function was related to mean renal volume, mean renal length, duration of operation and the use of antibiotics. At Month 12 after surgery, Scr increased in the overt proteinuria group. The deterioration of renal function at Month 12 was found in 8 patients (10%) with microalbuminuria or overt proteinuria, and related to preoperative Ccr, UAE, mean renal volume, mean renal length, smoking status and blood pressure. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the deterioration of renal function occurred in considerable number of patients with AAA after elective operation on acute and chronic phase, although the development of end-stage renal failure is rare. Factors related to the acute and late deterioration appears to be different. UAE and renal size should be measured, even if Scr is in normal range at preoperative observation.     

超选择性肾动脉栓塞术治疗医源性肾损伤出血

目的观察超选择性肾动脉栓塞术治疗医源性肾损伤出血的疗效及对肾功能的影响。方法收集11例医源性肾损伤出血患者,先行超选择性肾动脉造影,明确出血部位和性质,再行超选择插管,采用弹簧圈、明胶海绵进行栓塞治疗;术后随访612个月。结果对11例患者行肾动脉造影均可明确出血部位。10例一次栓塞止血成功;1例经2次栓塞后仍有持续血尿,行经尿道膀胱积血块清除术后血尿消失。随访期间无血尿发生。结论超选择肾动脉栓塞术是治疗医源性肾损伤出血的安全、有效的方法,能最大程度保护肾功能,可作为首选治疗方法。     

Role of renal sympathetic nerve activity in renal failure associated with obstructive jaundice in the rat.

The propensity for renal failure associated with obstructive jaundice and liver disease may be related to enhanced vasoconstriction of the renal vascular bed with resultant decreases in renal blood flow. Renal sympathetic nervous activity may be a mediator of this effect. The increased renal production of prostaglandins which has been observed in previous models of bile duct ligation may serve to counterbalance the effects of such vasoconstricting influences. This study was undertaken to assess the effect of bile duct ligation on renal function and prostaglandin production in the rat. Furthermore, this study was designed to determine if renal sympathetic nerve activity contributes to the development of renal failure after bile duct ligation. Sprague-Dawley rats underwent either sham operation (n = 8), bilateral renal denervation (n = 10), bile duct ligation alone (n = 11), or bile duct ligation and bilateral renal denervation (n = 10). Renal function was assessed before and 4 days after operation. Bile duct ligation resulted in a 46% decrease in creatinine clearance (p less than 0.01), a 33% decrease in urinary sodium excretion (p less than 0.01), a twofold increase in urine flow (p less than 0.01), and twofold increases in urinary excretion of PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and thromboxane B2 (p less than 0.01). Renal denervation did not prevent the decreases in creatinine clearance and sodium excretion seen after bile duct ligation and had no effect on the changes in urine flow and prostaglandin excretion. These findings demonstrate that bile duct ligation in the rat results in impaired renal function, accompanied by increases in renal prostaglandin production. In addition, this study indicates that the perturbations in renal function and renal prostaglandin production induced by bile duct ligation are not mediated by renal sympathetic nerve activity.     

环孢素A减量联合骁悉治疗急性环孢素A肾中毒

目的：探讨环孢素A（CsA）对移植肾的早期毒性与其血清浓度的相关性及对急性CaA肾中毒的诊断与治疗。方法：回顾性地对12例肾移植术后发生CsA毒性反应患者的CsA服用量和全血CsA浓度进行分析，拟诊CsA肾毒性反应后联合应用骁悉（MMF）并减少CsA用量，观察肾功能恢复情况，结果：12例发生CsA肾中毒患者的CsA服用剂量均超过8mg/(kg.d)，其中8例（70％）血清CsA谷值浓度超过400μg/L(HPLC法），经过减少CsA用量并联合应用MMF，12例发生CsA肾中毒患者的肾功能都有不同程度的改善，结论：长时间服用CsA剂量过大是引起CsA肾毒性反应的主要原因，减少CsA用量是有效减少CsA对移植肾毒性的有效方法，改硫唑嘌呤为MMF可有效防止因CsA的低剂量而致的排斥反应。