高胆固醇诱发Oddi括约肌功能紊乱实验研究

目的:探讨高胆固醇血症胆管 Oddi括约肌功能改变特征及病理组织基础。方法:纯种新西兰兔24只,随机分为3组,喂饲胆固醇饲料制作高胆固醇血症模型。采用胆管造影,单腔管测压,一氧化氮合酶定量分析等方法,研究胆管 Oddi括约肌影像、功能及病理组织学的特征。结果:高胆固醇血症胆管Oddi括约肌近侧低压段基础压力实验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(20.9±6.1) mmHg,(25.6±9.1) mmHg显著高于对照组(11.7±2.8) mmHg,(P＜0.01, P＜0.01), 远端高压"阀门"段的基础压力实验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(138.4±45.5) mmHg,(144.5± 40.4) mmHg与对照组(69.3±9.8) mmHg比较,差异非常显著(P＜0.01,P＜0.01)。胆囊容积增大,实验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(3.4 ±1.0) mL, (3.9 ±1.9) mL明显大于对照组(2.0±1.9) mL(P＜0.05, P＜0.01)。一氧化氮合酶定量分析各组间无明显差异(P＞0.05 )。实验组胆管 Oddi括约肌细胞体积增大,细胞膜扭曲呈波浪状。细肌丝疏松,排列紊乱,密体分布不均,形态大小不一致,长轴与细肌丝纵轴成角。线粒体肿胀,嵴消失,聚集於细胞核一端。染色质浓集於细胞核边缘。结论:高胆固醇可损害胆管Oddi括约肌的舒张功能,诱发Oddi括约肌功能紊乱,导致胆管Oddi括约肌排胆阻力增加而致胆囊淤胆。     

高胆固醇血症对兔Oddi括约肌超微结构的影响

目的 观察高胆固醇(Ch)血症对兔Oddi括约肌(sphincter of Oddi，SO)细胞超微结构的影响。方法 纯种大耳白兔16只，随机分为2组，每组8只。对照组饲以标准饲料，实验组饲以掺有Ch的标准饲料，每天1g，每周6d，停喂1d，共4周，制作高Ch模型。常规制片，透射电镜观察。结果 高Ch血症兔SO部分肌细胞骨架结构排列紊乱，密体、密斑分布不均，数量减少，肌丝扭曲、疏松；细胞器肿胀、扩张。可见少量合成表型平滑肌细胞及肌成纤维细胞。结论 Ch作用于SO质膜引起超微结构改变，是SO舒张、收缩功能受损的病理基础。     

局解手术学杂志 2007年第16卷主题词索引

(根据《医学主题词注释字顺表》标引主题词,按主题词汉语拼音顺序排列)外文字母Mirizzi综合征Mirizzi综合征的腹腔镜治疗对策及胆管损伤的预防(莫晓东等)16(6):396Oddi括约肌Oddi括约肌运动调节与功能障碍的诊断和治疗(李宝山等)16(2):125一氧化氮在高胆固醇血症家兔Oddi括约肌中的含量变化(王小军等)16(4):229A奥奥美拉唑奥美拉唑、阿莫西林、果胶铋联合治疗消化性溃疡疗效观察(陈俊峰)16(3):160B鼻、扁、标、病鼻窦经单鼻孔蝶窦入路垂体腺瘤切除45例分析(马玉新等)16(1):25非侵袭性真菌性鼻窦炎术中及术后应用洁尔阴冲洗液疗效分析(董…     

高胆固醇饲料诱导兔红细胞膜脂蛋白、脂质过氧化和膜流动性的改变

观察１４只雄性家兔在高胆固醇饲料的喂养下可能诱发的红细胞膜脂蛋白、脂质过氧化和膜流动性的改变。在喂养二个月前后的对比观察中，发现血浆总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著升高（Ｐ＜０．００１），红细胞膜低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、膜共轭双烯和膜流动性均显示明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０１～０．００１）。结果提示，高胆固醇饲料不仅可以引起高脂血症，而且可以诱导红细胞膜脂蛋白成分、脂质过氧化和膜流动性的改变。红细胞膜的这些物理和化学性质的改变，可能同微血管流变性质的改变有密切联系     

胆系不完全结扎术对家兔Oddi括约肌内NOS和VIP的影响

目的探讨胆总管不完全结扎术和胆囊不完全结扎术对家兔Oddi括约肌(sphincter of Oddi,SO)内NOS和VIP数量的影响。方法将24只成年家兔随机分成正常对照组8只,胆总管不完全结扎组8只,胆囊不完全结扎组8只。结扎术1周后应用免疫组化链酶亲和素-过氧化物酶法(SABC法)观察各组家兔SO内一氧化氮合酶(NOS)和血管活性肠肽(VIP)的变化。结果胆总管不完全结扎组和胆囊不完全结扎组较对照组SO内NOS和VIP的光密度值显著升高。结论家兔分别行胆总管不完全结扎和胆囊不完全结扎处理后,其SO平滑肌中的NOS和(或)VIP的数量增多。     

中药清脂降粘颗粒对高粘血症兔脑软膜微血管口径的影响及血液中ET-1和NO含量的变化

目的观察中药清脂降粘颗粒(QZJLp)对高粘血症模型兔软脑膜血管口径的影响及血浆内皮素-1(ET-1)和一氧化氮(NO)水平的变化。方法采用高胆固醇饲料喂养家兔法复制高粘血症模型,观察两种剂量(0.5g,3次/日和1.0g,3次/日)QZJLp喂饲实验兔14天和35天后,其软脑膜微血管的舒缩变化,同时检测ET-1和NO的血液含量。结果与对照组比较,模型兔软脑膜微血管口径缩小,ET-1明显增加,NO降低;QZJLp喂饲14天～35天,微血管逐步扩张,ET-1不断降低,NO显著升高。结论QZJLp能有效改善实验性高粘血症兔软脑膜微循环,这种作用可能与QZJLp对血管内皮细胞分泌ET-1/NO的调节作用有关。     

肺炎衣原体感染致C57BL/6J小鼠内皮功能异常

目的：研究肺炎衣原体感染对C57BL/6J小鼠主动脉内皮依赖舒张反应及动脉粥样硬化形成的影响。方法：32只C57BL/6J小鼠分为肺炎衣原体感染并胆固醇饲料喂养组、胆固醇饲料喂养组、肺炎衣原体感染组和对照组，喂养24周，取主动脉弓标本分析动脉粥样硬化斑块面积，远端胸主动脉作血管舒张功能测定，血样品作血脂、一氧化氮水平及内皮素浓度测定。结果：肺炎衣原体感染并胆固醇饲料喂养组、胆固醇饲料喂养组和肺炎衣原体感染组乙酰胆碱引起的动脉平均最大舒张百分数明显低于对照组(P＜0.01)，且一氧化氮水平也较低，单纯肺炎衣原体感染小鼠无明显动脉粥样硬化形成。结论：肺炎衣原体感染可损害C57BL/6J小鼠动脉内皮功能，一氧化氮途径可能参与其发展。     

补阳还五汤提取物对家兔高胆固醇血症和血液流变性影响的实验研究

目的 :观察补阳还五汤提取物对高胆固醇血症和血液流变性的影响。方法 :采用高胆固醇饲料喂养家兔法复制高胆固醇血症模型 ,观察补阳还五汤提取物 (BDE)对TCh、TG和血液流变学的影响。结果 :BDE处理的兔TCh、TG显著降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,全血表观粘度(低切 10s- 1 )、红细胞聚集指数 (EAI)均显著降低 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :补阳还五汤提取物能有效降低TCh、TG和改善血液流变性。     

甲硫氨酸诱发家兔高同型半胱氨酸血症促进LDL氧化修饰

目的:探讨甲硫氨酸诱发家兔高同型半胱氨酸血症与LDL氧化修饰的关系。方法:将家兔32只随机分为甲硫氨酸(M)组9只,胆固醇(Ch)组9只,甲硫氨酸+胆固醇(M+Ch)组9只和对照(C)组5只。M、Ch和M+Ch组每日先分别喂予含3%甲硫氨酸、3.75%胆固醇和3%甲硫氨酸+3.75%胆固醇的饲料20g后,再自由进食与C组一样的饲料。16周末,心脏穿刺取血测有关指标。结果:①M、M+Ch组血清同型半胱氨酸、ox-LDL和TBARS显著高于C组和Ch组(P＜0.01);②同型半胱氨酸体外诱发LDL氧化修饰随LDL和同型半胱氨酸浓度的增高而增加(P＜0.01)。结论:甲硫氨酸诱发的高同型半胱氨酸血症具有促进脂质过氧化和LDL氧化修饰的作用。     

纤维蛋白原在动脉粥样硬化发生中的作用

在家兔及培养的家兔主动脉平滑肌细胞上，观察了纤维蛋白原在动脉粥样硬化发生中的作用，Ｆｇ有其代谢产物对ＳＭＣ生长的影响，结果发现，高胆固醇饲料在诱发高胆固醇血症的同时，血浆中Ｆｇ含量也逐渐升高，二者在早期有明显的正相关。尸检病人冠脉ＡＳ病灶免疫组化分析发现，病灶内皮下及血管间质有大量Ｆｇ及其降解产物存在。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

局部注射辛伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠股骨髁骨小梁的改建效应

背景：局部注射具有成骨作用的辛伐他汀,可显著增加骨质疏松大鼠股骨颈及股骨髁部的骨密度及力学强度,分析局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。 目的：进一步研究骨质疏松大鼠股骨内局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。为将辛伐他汀应用于临床骨质疏松局部治疗提供实验基础。 方法：18只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后3个月,制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。实验大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,分别在实验大鼠的右侧股骨髓腔内单次注射辛伐他汀溶液5 mg、10 mg,对照组单纯注射空白载体。分别在注射后1个月处死大鼠并取材。Micro-CT扫描并定量分析骨组织形态变化。 结果与结论：给药后1个月,Micro-CT扫描结果显示,辛伐他汀治疗组的骨微结构参数如骨皮质厚度、骨小梁密度及连接率明显优于对照组。说明疏松骨骼单次注射小剂量辛伐他汀可显著促进股骨髁部骨小梁改建,改善骨骼微结构,可为强化局部、防治骨质疏松骨折的新选择进一步提供实验基础。     

石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究

中药石斛早在《神农本草经》中就被列为上品,其应用历史悠久,具有养阴生津、补肾益气、润喉护嗓、活血明目、抗癌防老等功效。本文对国内外石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究进行了综述。     

膝关节骨性关节炎的关节镜治疗体会

目的我科自2001～2005年4月对59例67膝的骨性关节炎（0A），进行关节镜检查及镜下清理术。方法镜检：膝关节骨性关节炎伴不同程度滑膜炎，滑膜皱壁粘连纤维片，关节软骨不同程度破坏。镜下清除增生滑膜，松解粘连，去除剥脱软骨、修复关节面。结果随访2月～4年，平均1.5年，术后综合评估2月～1年，优良率94％；1～2年，优良率79.2％；2年以上优良率54.8％。结论关节镜对膝关节骨性关节炎诊断能提供了比较全面的资料，并对骨性关节炎早期有良好疗效，具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和重复治疗等优点。     

Pathways of the realization of immunomodulating effects of neurotransmitters

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 4, pp. 401–404, April, 1993     

Anatomical study of distribution of valves of the cutaneous veins of adult''s limbs

Since the cutaneous veins of the four limbs have been used as autogenous grafts in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, knowledge of distribution of the valves is increasingly required depending upon the use. In the gross anatomical study of distribution of valves of the trunci venae, there has been argument about locational relationships between the venous roots and the valves in the vicinity of the roots and the inter-valvular distance. However, there have been only few reports discussing detailed information about valves of the cutaneous veins of the four limbs. The authors observed patterns of distribution of the cutaneous venous valves of the four limbs of cadavers prepared for practice in anatomy. The following parts were excised from each cadaver: the cephalic, basilic, and the great saphenous veins, which originate from the acral venous network and flow into the proximal deep veins, and the venous roots communicating with these veins. An incision was made on each excised vein in the direction of the long axis under observation with a stereoscopic microscope, and the inter-valvular distance and the distance between the valve and the orifice of venous root in the vicinity of the valve were measured. The inter-valvular distance varied with type of the truncus venae, and it varied according to area even in the same truncus venae.     

Characterization of sterols of three digenetic trematodes of buffalo

Sterols of three digenetic trematodes were isolated and characterized by infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sterols identified were cholesterol, cholestanol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-methylcholestanol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholestanol, 24-ethylcholesterol and 24-ethylcholestanol.     

Mechanisms of generation of slow components of bioelectric activity in diagnostics of functional state of the gastrointestinal tract

New electrophysiologic devices were used for the diagnostics of the state of excitable structures in the gastrointestinal tract and correction of their motor functions. Bioelectrical and biomechanical activities form the basis of functioning of internal organs. The mechanisms of generation of slow bioelectrical activity that are important for clinical and physiological studies are described. One of these mechanisms is a capacitance parametric transducer converting the energy of contractions into specific electric signals reflecting muscle functions. Another mechanism results from slow oscillations of resting potentials of interrelated excitable cells in large neuromuscular structures of internal organs. The elaborated procedure is efficient for preventing early postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 10, pp. 448–452, October, 1999     

胃小弯侧血管弓的MDCT解剖

目的：研究正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的多排螺旋CT表现。方法：回顾性分析51例正常成人的上腹部CT资料,观察胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的显示情况、血管弓形态及其与胃壁的关系。结果：51例均显示胃小弯侧血管弓,血管弓贲门部属支、胃体部属支和幽门部属支分别显示46例、15例和10例;血管弓与胃壁紧邻41例。结论：MDCT检查可良好显示正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管。     

Assessment of the efficacy of treatment of hemangiomas

Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995