两种手术方法治疗双侧声带神经麻痹

目的 通过观察经喉外进路及经支撑喉镜下行CO2激光手术切除杓状软骨治疗双侧声带神经麻痹的疗效,对比两种手术方法的优缺点,择优选取合适的术式。方法 对双侧喉返神经致喉狭窄的13例术后患者进行随访,其中7例行喉外进路杓状软骨切除术声带外展固定,6例行经支撑喉镜下行CO2激光手术切除杓状软骨,13例术前均已行气管切开,术后随访6个月至2年。结果 采用喉外进路杓状软骨切除术声带外展固定7例,术后1次拔管3例,2次拔管2例;采用经支撑喉镜下行CO2激光手术切除杓状软骨6例,术后1次拔管4例,2次拔管1例。结论 两种手术方法各有优缺点。     

喉部分切除术后并发喉狭窄的原因及处理

目的探讨喉癌行喉部分切除术后并发喉狭窄的原因及处理方法。方法回顾性分析2008-2013年住院治疗的28例喉癌术后并发喉狭窄的临床资料,28例患者根据引起狭窄的原因、狭窄的程度及狭窄的部位采取不同的治疗方式。其中2例术后联合放疗引起急性喉梗阻患者予以激素、抗感染治疗;16例患者行支撑喉镜下CO2激光切除术;5例患者行喉裂开术;5例患者行多次及多种联合手术。结果 28例患者中26例拔除气管导管,拔管率92.8%;2例患者手术后瘢痕及肉芽组织增生造成再次狭窄,随访至今仍未拔除气管导管。结论支撑喉镜下CO2激光切除术是喉癌行喉部分切除术后并发喉狭窄的首选方法,合理的修复缺损并喉腔重建、积极抗感染及治疗胃食管反流将会明显的减少喉部分切除术后喉狭窄的发生几率。     

儿童复发性呼吸道乳头状瘤病的联合治疗

目的：探讨儿童复发性呼吸道乳头状瘤病（JO-RRP）的治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析36例JO-RRP患儿的临床资料，针对病情分别采用支撑喉镜下激光切除术（27例）和喉裂开造口激光切除术（9例），对复发≥2次／年或（和）病变范围累及≥2个解剖亚区的28例患儿术后1周给予干扰素治疗。结果：全部患儿术后均无明显误咽，28例（77．8％）已拔除气管套管。并发症包括：声音嘶哑8例，喉狭窄6例，肺部感染3例。结论：支撑喉镜下激光切除术和喉裂开造口激光切除术是治疗JO-RRP的有效术式，术后联合干扰素治疗可抑制复发。     

先天性小喉三例

例 1　女 ,5岁。 1990年 6月 7日因气管切开术后拔管困难 5年转我院治疗。患儿 1985年 9月 14日出生 ,生后即发现喉鸣呼吸急促。 1985年 10月因呼吸道感染喉鸣加重 ,口唇发绀 ,三凹症阳性 ,在当地医院行气管切开术。术后经抗生素、激素和对症治疗呼吸道感染痊愈 ,经多次试堵管 ,拔管困难转来我院。住院后在全身麻醉下行支气管镜检查 ,3 5号支气管镜进声门阻力较大 ,气管、支气管正常。即刻改行支撑喉镜检查 ,术中发现喉结构正常 ,但喉腔短而窄。经内卡钳测量 ,声门前后径为 5 5ｍｍ ,后端横径为 2 5ｍｍ。改用小号气管套管 ,每日多次堵管 …     

小儿喉气道阻塞的诊断与处理

目的：探讨小儿喉气道阻塞的病因、临床特点及其处理方法。方法：分析6例不同原因引起喉气道阻塞息儿的临床资料,总结其临床特点及处理方法。结果：6例患儿中先天性喉囊肿3例;先天性喉蹼（声门型）1例;先天性舌根囊肿1例,先天性环状软骨畸形1例。除1例先天性舌根囊肿外余例均于术前或术中行气道切开,2例先天性喉囊肿行支撑喉镜下囊肿切除术,1例行喉裂开囊肿切除术。1例先天性舌根囊肿,表面麻醉后直接喉镜下穿刺抽取囊液。1例先天性喉蹼行支撑喉镜下CO2激光切除喉蹼,4例患儿均于术后1周堵管,堵管2周拔管。1例先天性环状软骨畸形予喉裂开置喉模术,术后7周堵管,现术后2个月,堵管随访中。结论：小儿喉气道阻塞在明确病因后应早期积极采取适当的手术治疗方法,去除狭窄、重建气道,对改善通气和发音、恢复小儿正常的喉气道功能极其重要。     

喉气管狭窄的手术治疗分析

目的探讨喉气管狭窄的手术治疗方式和疗效。方法对25例喉气管狭窄的患者进行手术治疗,其中4例喉癌术后肉芽增生,1例喉乳头状瘤反复术后狭窄和1例喉淀粉样变致喉狭窄患者行支撑喉镜＋显微镜下激光手术;9例喉外伤后喉瘢痕狭窄患者行喉成形T形管置入术;1例外伤后气管狭窄、3例气管插管后气管狭窄和1例气管乳头状瘤患者行气管成形T形管置入术;2例气管外伤后狭窄和1例气管插管后气管狭窄患者行气管楔形切除端端吻合术;2例甲状腺恶性肿瘤侵犯气管患者在肿瘤根治基础上行袖状切除端端吻合术。分别观察不同术式的手术疗效。结果术后随访时间6个月至3年,2例支撑喉镜手术后复发,长期带管;6例T形管取出后有肉芽组织增生,经激光切除后4例最终拔管;1例2次行T管置入后仍瘢痕形成,最终行气管楔形切除端端吻合术并拔管,1例仍长期带管,其余8例T形管取出后效果良好,顺利拔管;5例气管楔形切除术或袖状切除端端吻合术者,术后均无气管狭窄。结论喉气管狭窄的治疗应根据病因、狭窄的性质、范围、部位制订个体化治疗方案,才可能获得满意的效果。     

喉显微切割钻在幼年型复发性气管内乳头状瘤治疗中的应用

目的:探讨幼年型复发性呼吸道乳头状瘤(JO-RRP)播散至气管后的治疗方法。方法:14例JO-RRP患儿均在全身麻醉支撑喉镜下应用气管内镜和喉显微切割钻治疗,手术间隔期内均未应用干扰素等药物治疗。结果:14例中,有8例经治疗3~6次后气管内乳头状瘤趋于局限,拔除气管套管,封闭气管造瘘口。随访6个月,气管内黏膜光滑,无乳头状瘤生长。6例尚未拔管,但肿瘤生长有明显减少的趋势。结论:应用喉显微切割钻治疗复发性气管内乳头状瘤,术野清楚,肿瘤切除彻底,并发症少,术后复发周期延长。     

Nd：YAG激光治疗喉狭窄

自1987年以来，我们应用Nd：YAG激光治疗喉瘢痕狭窄11例，随诊4～8年，效果良好。现报告如下。1临床资料喉癌术后喉狭窄9例，男7例，女2例；年龄47～64岁。均因跨声门型喉癌行次全喉切除术或扩大的半喉切除术。术中采用带状肌肌筋膜修补切除侧声带。8例术后应用放射治疗，术后4个月至半年发生喉狭窄，拔管困难，其中1例拔管半个月后出现呼吸困难，再次行气管切开术，喉瘢痕狭窄多出现在前连合部，呈向心状肥厚的瘢痕组织；1例为膜性瘢痕，声门宽度最大处仅0．2～0．3cm；1例在声门下近前连合处证实癌肿复发，经表面麻醉纤维喉镜下YAG激光…     

原发于喉部后连合良性横纹肌瘤一例

本文报道了1例原发于喉部后连合的良性成人型横纹肌瘤病例。患者女,60岁,因“声嘶8个月余”就诊。结合病史、门诊喉镜和CT检查,入院诊断为：喉肿物,考虑良性可能,建议手术治疗。入院后在全身麻醉支撑喉镜下行喉良性肿物切除术,术后病理结果提示：成人型横纹肌瘤。出院时患者声嘶较前明显好转,术后随访1年,未见肿瘤复发。该肿瘤在耳...     

高频电刀治疗声门型喉癌的手术方法及预后

目的：探讨高频电刀治疗声门型喉癌的手术方法及预后。方法：对20例声门型喉癌患者,应用高频电刀在皿微支撑喉镜下行声带切除术。结果：所有患者术后随访5个月～6年,喉功能和结构保留良好;1例术后半年局部复发,再行全喉切除术,随访5年未见复发;其余19例（其中2例声带前段轻度粘连）未见局部复发和淋巴结转移。结论：在全身麻醉最微支撑喉镜下,应用高频电刀行声门型喉癌切除手术,疗效较好,且无需投入昂贵设备。     

Intraoperative pediatric laryngeal electromyography: experience and caveats with monopolar electrodes.

We report our experience with intraoperative laryngeal electromyography (L-EMG) using direct laryngoscopy and placement of monopolar electrodes under general anesthesia in the evaluation and management of laryngeal dysfunction in pediatric patients. In this series of case studies, we present clinical data on 30 pediatric patients with known or suspected anatomic or neurologic laryngotracheal disorders evaluated with placement of shielded monopolar electrodes into the thyroarytenoid muscles during direct laryngoscopy under general anesthesia. Diagnoses included congenital vocal fold paralysis (VFP), laryngotracheal stenosis, cerebral palsy, laryngeal tumors, traumatic vocal fold dysfunction, and postsurgical VFP. The impact of L-EMG on patient management was assessed. We found that L-EMG objectively supported clinical findings, but provided new objective data relevant toward management recommendations in only a few selected pediatric patients with new-onset vocal fold paralysis or paresis or infiltrative laryngeal tumors, and in selected postsurgical cases involving decannulation decisions. The prognostic utility of L-EMG in newborns with congenital VFP has not been established. A normal L-EMG recording indicates an intact neuromuscular axis, but does not guarantee vocal fold mobility or guarantee muscle function in a partially denervated or deconditioned muscle. The potential for false-negative recordings is the major limitation of this technique.     

Laryngeal lymphangioma--case report

Laryngeal lymphangioma is extremely rare. We have been able to find only seventeen cases reported in world literature. We recently, treated a patient suffering from laryngeal lymphangioma in our department. The female patient, aged 36, complained of hoarseness for several months. Indirect laryngoscopy revealed a growth on her right false vocal cord. Under general anesthesia, tracheostomy and laryngofissure were performed for removal of this neoplasm. The tumor was microscopically diagnosed as lymphangioma. The symptoms disappeared after surgery and there has been no recurrence. The pertinent literature on this rare disease is reviewed.     

支撑喉镜下喉硅胶膜置入及声带缝合手术治疗喉蹼

目的探讨喉硅胶膜置入及声带黏膜缝合术在治疗喉蹼中的价值及预后转归。方法21例喉蹼患者，4例儿童，17例成人；其中既往有双侧声带手术史（声带任克水肿、声带小结、声带息肉、声带角化）8例，喉乳头状瘤手术史6例，喉部外伤史6例，先天性喉蹼1例。患者在全麻支撑喉镜下行喉蹼瘢痕松解后，15例成人行声带黏膜缝合及喉硅胶膜置入术；4例儿童及2例成人行单纯声带黏膜缝合术。结果15例喉硅胶膜置入患者3—4周后取出支撑的硅胶膜，除1例既往曾有喉裂开史，治疗后前联合处仍残留2—3mm粘连带外，其余14例患者声带前联合均获得良好三角形形态，发音明显改善，无呼吸困难。6例行单纯声带黏膜缝合患者呼吸及发音得到明显改善，2例成年患者前联合处残存2～3mm正常黏膜，术后声带即获得很好成形效果；4例患儿术后前联合残留2—3mm粘连。全部患者随诊6个月-3年，无瘢痕再生。结论喉硅胶膜置入及声带缝合手术治疗喉蹼，利于患者呼吸及发音功能的改善，避免颈外入路手术或气管切开及长期声门支撑，创伤小，并发症少。而声带黏膜单纯缝合手术还可以单独应用于粘连带相对较薄（小于5mm）、黏膜相对丰富的儿童及前联合残存正常黏膜的喉蹼患者。     

Echo-Planar Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Deglutitive Vocal Fold Closure: Normal and Pathologic Patterns of Displacement

Abnormalities of vocal fold closure during deglutition predispose to aspiration due to impairment of airway protection. Conventional assessment of deglutitive vocal fold motion with laryngoscopy does not permit visualization through a complete adduction-abduction cycle. We determined spatiotemporal patterns of deglutitive vocal fold adduction through echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging in 15 normal volunteers and 6 patients with vocal fold paralysis. In normal volunteers, deglutitive vocal fold adduction was synchronized with laryngeal elevation, with complete vocal fold closure at the apex. Patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis demonstrated reduced elevation and medial movement of the involved vocal fold. At maximal laryngeal elevation the uninvolved vocal fold attained a position superior to the paralyzed fold, resulting in level differences and an interglottic gap. Patients with bilateral vocal fold paralysis demonstrated reduced elevation and medial movement of both vocal folds. These findings indicate that normal and abnormal patterns of vocal fold displacement can be distinguished noninvasively through the use of echo-planar imaging. Laryngoscope, 106:568-572, 1996     

支撑喉镜下CO2激光分离联合硅胶膜置入治疗继发性声带粘连

目的 探讨支撑喉镜下应用CO2激光分离切除声带蹼样粘连后置入硅胶膜治疗继发性声带粘连的临床疗效.方法 以21例继发性声带粘连的成年患者为研究对象,其中,发生于双侧声带任克水肿、声带小结、声带息肉、声带白斑手术后16例,喉乳头状瘤手术后4例,喉部外伤导致声带粘连1例,粘连范围均为声带前1/3～1/2;均在支撑喉镜下应用CO2激光分离并切除声带前部正中粘连带后,置入的硅胶膜使其隔离声门前端分离的创面并经喉内、外联合进路缝合固定于颈前皮肤;术后3周取出硅胶膜,随访半年,观察疗效.结果 20例患者术后3周顺利取出硅胶膜,1例患者术后2周因颈部软组织感染取出硅胶膜后痊愈;术后随访6个月,除1例患者再次发生声带前联合粘连外,其余20例患者声带前联合均获得良好三角形形态,无瘢痕及肉芽形成,声嘶均明显改善.结论 支撑喉镜下CO2激光分离联合硅胶膜置人隔离创面3周治疗声带粘连,创伤小,效果好,并发症少.     

Bilateral vocal fold paralysis and adhesion in anterior spinal artery syndrome

The purpose of this report is to present a rare case of anterior spinal artery syndrome (ASAS) in which there proved to be a combined lesion of paralysis and adhesion. A 26-year-old woman with a history of ASAS complained of difficulty of tracheal decannulation. In 1988, she was intubated and underwent tracheotomy because of respiratory muscle weakness, and she was decannulated in 1990. In 1998, she had cesarean delivery under general anesthesia, and postdelivery dyspnea necessitated tracheotomy again. On her first visit to us, endoscopic examination revealed bilateral vocal fold immobility at the midline without an apparent web. Direct laryngoscopy under general anesthesia revealed a posterior glottic adhesion and scarring, which were treated by excision of the scar and local steroid injection. The left vocal fold gradually regained mobility, permitting decannulation 3 months after treatment. This complicated vocal fold immobility was found to be due to adhesion and partial paralysis combined.     

2种不同方式的声带囊肿手术比较

目的:比较声带囊肿电子喉镜下切除和支撑喉镜下显微切除的疗效.方法:电子喉镜及频闪喉镜确诊为声带囊肿的患者92例,随机分为电子喉镜手术组48例及支撑喉镜手术组44例,术前及术后1周、3个月及6个月行电子喉镜检查及嗓音测试.结果:支撑喉镜手术组1例声门暴露不佳,改为电子喉镜下手术.其余均一次性完成手术.电子喉镜组和支撑喉镜组3个月内复发的病例分别是2例和1例,经X2检验,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).2组术前及术后1周、3个月及6个月嗓音声学测试经t检验均差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).结论:电子喉镜下声带囊肿切除具有视野清晰,操作准确,创伤小,兼有对喉部病变放大作用,能达到支撑喉镜下声带囊肿显微手术相同疗效,电子喉镜还能完成支撑喉镜下无法进行的声带囊肿手术.     

Mucosal bridge of the vocal fold]

Mucosal bridge of the vocal fold is a newly recognized laryngeal disease need to be differentiated from the functional voice disorder. A 16-year-old woman with deteriorating hoarseness presented for indirect laryngoscopy and laryngofiberoscopy of just slight swelling of the bilateral vocal folds. Since the laryngeal stroboscopy revealed the decrease of wave formation at the swelling portion, we performed an endolaryngeal microsurgery and discovered a sulcus in a side of the vocal fold and a mucosal bridge in the other side. Resection of the bridge followed by the voice therapy increased the voice range and decreased the hoarseness. This case suggests that the laryngeal stroboscopy and microscopic examination with direct laryngoscopy are the most important for diagnosing the mucosal bridge of the vocal fold.     

Laryngeal schwannoma with extralaryngeal extension

Schwannomas of the larynx are rare. Furthermore, a laryngeal schwannoma extending to the neck region is extremely rare. The present case report describes a 37-year-old male patient with a history of hoarseness and cervical swelling on the left side for over 10 years. He presented with dyspnea on exertion. Fiberoptic laryngoscopy revealed a large submucosal mass in the left false and true vocal folds, and the left vocal fold was immobile. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed the presence of multiple tumors throughout the body, in addition to extension of the laryngeal tumor to the left neck region in a dumbbell shape. After analysis of the results of examinations including imaging tests and pathological examinations, a diagnosis of schwannomatosis was made. A tracheostomy was performed, along with resection of the laryngeal tumor. Following disarticulation of the cricothyroid joint and rotate ion of the thyroid cartilage, the intralaryngeal part of the tumor was smoothly removed without median or lateral thyrotomy. At the 3-month follow-up, the patient's vocal fold mobility was found to have recovered. Although uncommon, our procedure was very effective for the treatment of laryngeal schwannomas. By this approach, safe removal of the tumor was possible, without any injury to the laryngeal mucosa.     

两种不同方式的声带息肉手术比较

目的比较全麻显微支撑喉镜和表麻电子喉镜下声带息肉摘除优缺点及术后的疗效.方法选取我院门诊声带息肉患者72例,随机分为两组,一组行支撑喉镜手术,另一组行电子喉镜手术,每组36例,每例患者均在术前及术后1月行电子喉镜检查及嗓音声学测试.结果支撑喉镜手术组一次性完成手术33例,改用电子喉镜下手术2例,需电子喉镜补充手术1例,电子喉镜手术组一次性完成手术35例,需2次完成手术1例.两组术后嗓音声学参数均明显优于手术前,统计学上差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).结论电子喉镜下声带息肉摘除是微创手术,具有视野清晰、操作准确、创伤小、痛苦小、门诊手术、费用少等优点,能完成支撑喉镜下无法完成的手术,术后疗效和支撑喉镜下手术相仿.