胃癌高发区民用鱼露致突变性及抑制实验研究

本文应用微核试验方法测定了胃癌高发区长乐县的民用鱼露，结果表明鱼露具有明显致突变作用，并发现绿茶、维生素Ｃ、β－胡萝卜素、大蒜素和香菇多糖对鱼露的致突变作用有显著抑制效果，为胃癌防治提供科学依据。     

胃癌同场长乐县饮水类型,改水与胃癌死亡率的研究

胃癌高发现场长乐县漳港乡１６年定群回顾性调查资料表明，饮用河水人群其胃癌死亡率为１２４．０５／１０万，明显高于井水组７４．８５／１０万（Ｐ〈０．０１），在平衡饮食，吸烟，饮酒等因素后，７个沿海乡镇调查结果，饮用河水，井水、自来水组胃癌死亡率依次为８６．０３／１０万，６３．０３／１０万，２９．７８／１０万（Ｐ均〈０．０１）。本文同时对改水效应作了评介，饮用河水，井水与改饮自来水后人群胃癌死亡率的比较     

橡胶职业暴露与胃癌关系的病例-队列研究

为研究橡胶职业暴露与胃癌之间的关系，对某橡胶厂工人进行了２３年（１９７３～９５）的前瞻性研究，应用标化死亡率和病例－队列方法。结果表明，队列人群总的胃癌ＳＭＲ约为１，但男性工人炼胶，女性内胎等工种的胃癌危险度升高，准似然多因素分析表明，对非职业因素的混杂作用进行调整后，胃癌可能与橡胶粉尘，尤其是滑石粉尘有关     

橡胶职业暴露与胃癌关系的病例—队列研究

为研究橡胶职业暴露与胃癌之间的关系，对某橡胶厂工人进行了２３年（１９７３～９５）的前瞻性研究，应用标化死亡率和病例－队列方法，结果表明，队列人群总的胃癌ＳＭＲ约为１，但男性工人炼胶，女性内胎等工种的胃癌危险度升高，准似然多因素分析表明，对非职业因素的混杂作用进行调整后，胃癌可能与橡胶粉尘，尤其是滑石粉尘的有关。     

福建省莆田县1979—1995年居民死因回顾性分析

福建省莆田县是全国胃癌高发县（７０年代后期全国胃癌普查结果发现胃癌调整死亡率莆田县超过全国平均水平２．７～４．７倍），为了掌握居民的主要死因及人群分布特点，为开展预防保健工作提供参考。现将福建省莆田县新度、黄石、笏石、东峤４乡镇１９７９～１９９５年居民死因回顾性调查结果分析如下。１　资料与方法１．１　资料　由莆田市医学科学研究所负责对莆田县４乡镇１９７９～１９９５年全死因资料统计归类汇总。１．２　方法　标化死亡率采用１９８２年全国人口构成为标准。死因资料根据ＩＣＤ－９以根本死因为主死因原则［１］…     

用灰色动态模型预测恶性肿瘤死亡率发展趋势

用灰色动态模型拟合我县１９７７－１９９０年前６位恶性肿瘤死亡率，预测值与实际值一致性好，外推预测１９９１－２０００年我县恶性肿瘤死亡率上升，男性恶性肿瘤死亡率比女性上升明显。肺癌和肠癌上升速度最快，其次为肝癌和胃癌。男性白血病下降，其余５种癌症上升女性食道癌、肝癌、胃癌下降，白血病、肺癌上升。     

饮酒与消化道肿瘤死亡关系的队列研究

本研究以四川省什到疾病监测点为现场，对３５岁以上农民２９９２９人进行了五年的前瞻性队列研究，研究累计饮酒量与消化道肿瘤死亡率的关系。结果显示：不同消化道肿年龄别死亡率随饮酒等级的增加而增加，饮酒组与不饮酒相比死亡高峰提前；饮酒与男性食道癌、胃癌、肝癌和女性肝癌死亡关联显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）。在累讦饮酒星０、１ｋｇ－、１２５ｋｇ－、５００ｋｇ－有四个等级下；男性肝癌的相对危险度（ＲＲ）为１．００、１．     

1977—2008年常熟市胃癌死亡率趋势的时间序列分析

目的对1977—2008年常熟市胃癌死亡趋势进行趋势分析。方法观察原始序列图特点、序列的随机性和平稳性,确定适宜的时间序列模型进行预测分析。结果 1977—2008年常熟市胃癌死亡率呈下降趋势,模型为Xt=42.7471-0.7910t,系数呈显著性,估计2011年该市的胃癌死亡率15.85/10万。结论常熟市胃癌死亡率呈下降趋势,可用直线模型预测该市的胃癌死亡率。     

浙江省安吉县胃癌发病、死亡研究

目的：了解浙江省安吉县2007—2009年居民胃癌发病规律，为制订胃癌防治干预措施提供科学依据。方法：收集浙江省肿瘤登记系统中2007—2009年安吉县胃癌发病资料，计算发病率、标化发病率，对2007—2009年安吉县男女性胃癌发病趋势进行分析。结果：2007—2009年3年胃癌发病率分别为53．2／10万、52．4／10万、50．9／10万；胃癌年均发病率52．1／10万。2007—2009年3年胃癌死亡率分别为49．8／10万、47．9／10万、47．3／10万；胃癌年均死亡率48．3／10万。结论：安吉县总的胃癌标化发病率大致呈逐年下降趋势，其中男性胃癌标化发病率大致呈逐年下降趋势，而女性却稍有上升。安吉县胃癌死亡率大致呈逐年下降趋势。     

金昌队列人群胃癌疾病负担研究

目的 分析金昌队列人群中胃癌造成的疾病负担及其变化趋势。方法 应用历史队列研究方法收集金昌队列人群2001－2013年胃癌全死因资料及2001－2010年胃癌住院患者资料,应用死亡率、潜在减寿年(PYLL)、潜在工作损失年(WPYLL)、住院费用等指标评价胃癌造成的疾病负担,运用Spearman秩相关分析、平均增长速度描述疾病负担的变化趋势。结果 2001－2013年间金昌队列人群中因胃癌死亡213人、年均粗死亡率为38.30/10万,未呈现显著变化趋势。男性胃癌死亡196人、粗死亡率为56.17/10万,女性胃癌死亡17人、粗死亡率为8.21/10万,男性粗死亡率为女性的6.84倍。胃癌死亡者以50~79岁年龄段为主(176人,构成比为82.62%),<50岁年龄组胃癌死亡率呈增长趋势、年均增长速度为0.77%。因胃癌而造成的人均PYLL(APYLL)以8.43%的平均速度随年份呈下降趋势,人均WPYLL(AWPYLL)以10.46%的平均速度随年份呈下降趋势。2001－2010年该队列人群胃癌住院患者例均费用为8 102.23元,日均费用为463.45元,无明显变化趋势。结论 金昌队列人群胃癌疾病负担严重,男性尤为突出,有年轻化表现;胃癌所致PYLL及 WPYLL十余年来无明显变化趋势、而APYLL及 AWPYLL随年份呈下降趋势;住院患者直接经济负担平稳无变化。     

我国恶性肿瘤死亡率流行病学特征分析

目的分析我国恶性肿瘤死亡率的流行病学特征,为肿瘤防治提供科学依据。方法对1973—2005年我国恶性肿瘤死亡率资料进行回顾性分析。结果1973—1974年我国恶性肿瘤死亡率为80．79／10万人,1990—1992年我国恶性肿瘤死亡率为106．76／10万人,2004～2005年我国恶性肿瘤死亡率为128．63／10万人,恶性肿瘤死亡率呈上升趋势;1973～1974年我国恶性肿瘤死亡率前3位为胃癌、食管癌和肝癌;1990～1992年我国恶性肿瘤死亡率前3位为胃癌、肝癌和肺癌;2004—2005年我国恶性肿瘤死亡率前3位为肺癌、肝癌和胃癌。目前,肺癌为我国男性和女性恶性肿瘤的头号杀手。结论我国恶性肿瘤死亡率呈上升趋势,应大力开展有针对性的肿瘤防治措施。     

2015年天津市户籍居民恶性肿瘤死亡及去死因期望寿命分析

目的 探讨天津市户籍居民恶性肿瘤死亡及去死因期望寿命情况。方法 收集2015年天津市户籍居民全死因登记资料,按照全球疾病负担中恶性肿瘤分类标准进行分类,计算各类恶性肿瘤死亡率及去除之后对期望寿命的影响。结果 2015年天津市户籍居民因恶性肿瘤死亡17 641例,粗死亡率为171.79/10万,标化率为86.32/10万。其中男性死亡10 165例,粗死亡率为197.39/10万,标化率为95.41/10万,女性死亡7 476例,粗死亡率为146.04/10万,标化率为76.65/10万。男性恶性肿瘤死亡排前5位的是肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、结直肠肛门癌和胰腺癌;女性恶性肿瘤死亡排前5位的是肺癌、乳腺癌、肝癌、结直肠肛门癌和胃癌。去除恶性肿瘤后男性和女性期望寿命分别增长3.53岁和2.88岁,其中去除肺癌之后分别增长1.25岁和0.97岁,远超过其他恶性肿瘤。结论 肺癌是造成天津市户籍居民死亡及期望寿命减少的主要疾病,亟需采取有效的预防措施加以遏制。     

2015—2018年乌海市恶性肿瘤死因及寿命损失

  目的  分析乌海市居民恶性肿瘤死亡分布特点,为制定相应干预措施提供依据。  方法  根据2015—2018年乌海市居民死亡资料,计算恶性肿瘤死亡率、死因构成、死因顺位及寿命损失指标等。  结果  乌海市居民男性、女性和合计恶性肿瘤死亡率分别为199.66/10万、122.99/10万和163.02/10万,标化死亡率分别为216.47/10万、142.68/10万和180.45/10万,男女性别比为1.52:1。男性和女性的前3位恶性肿瘤死因均为肺癌、胃癌和肝癌。15~岁组死亡率最低（2.46/10万）;而85~岁组死亡率最高（3 042.28/10万）。14岁以前主要恶性肿瘤死因为白血病,15岁以后为肺癌、胃癌和肝癌。恶性肿瘤导致的潜在减寿年数（potential years of life lost,PYLL）占全死因的46.9%,男性和女性中均为肺癌最高;男性平均减寿年数（average years of life lost,AYLL）最高是肝癌,女性最高是乳腺癌,其次为宫颈癌。  结论  恶性肿瘤已经成为乌海市居民的主要致死原因之一,肺癌、胃癌和肝癌是严重危害乌海市居民健康的恶性肿瘤死因,也应重点防治女性乳腺癌和宫颈癌的发生。应有针对地开展提高居民健康水平的健康教育工作。     

自贡市1988年—1990年恶性肿瘤流行病学特征分析

恶性肿瘤是危害我国人民身体健康的主要死因之一,目前已位居全死因第三位。本文用自贡市1988年～1990年的恶性肿瘤死亡资料,分析自贡市恶性肿瘤的流行病学特征。结果表明:自贡市恶性肿瘤标化死亡率58.79/十万。城市男女标化死亡率分别为112.58/十万和64.21/十万,农村男女标化死亡率分别为65.02/十万和33.21/十万。全市前五位死因是肝癌、食道癌、肺癌、胃癌和肠癌。城市肺癌居首位,农村肝癌居首位。去恶性肿瘤全市居民人均寿命可提高1.57岁。     

Lung cancer rates as an index of tobacco smoke exposures: validation against black male approximate non-lung cancer death rates, 1969-2000

BACKGROUND: Researchers use lung cancer death rates (rates) as an index of the cumulative burdens of smoking. That index lacks direct validation and calibration. So this study directly validates and calibrates that index against annual approximately non-lung (all-sites minus lung and stomach) rates from 1969 to 2000 in United States black men, then estimates their cancer death rate smoking-attributable fractions (SAFs). METHODS: This study uses linear regression, age-adjusted rates from http://www.seer.cancer.gov/canques, and the formula SAF = (1- ((rate in the unexposed) / (rate in the exposed))). Estimated rates in the unexposed range between the 1969 rate and the rate predicted for a population with no smoking-attributable lung cancers. Stomach and lung cancer rate SAFs were based on published cohort studies. RESULTS: Lung cancer death rates predicted 98% and 97% of the variances in approximately non-lung cancer death rates throughout their 1969-1990 34% rise and subsequent declines, respectively (each P < 0.0001). The findings suggest that the SAF of the all-sites cancer death rate in black men peaked at 66% in 1990. CONCLUSIONS: Lung cancer death rates were a good index of smoke exposure for predicting approximately non-lung cancer death rates in black men. Smoking may cause most premature cancer deaths in black men.     

“Civilization-associated” diseases in Europe and industrial countries outside of Europe: Regional differences and trends in mortality

In the present study, the causes of early death among men and women 55 to 64 years old in the countries of Europe, the United States, Canada, Japan, and Australia were compared for the period 1958 to 1976. Evaluation of the death rates from heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, cancer of the stomach, cancer of the lung, cirrhosis of the liver, and all causes has provided the following picture for the 26 countries studied. In 1976, the highest death rate for all causes examined for a single country was almost two times that for the country showing the lowest figure. For the individual causes of death the highest figure was between three and eight times the lowest. The death rates for men were one and one-half to three times those for women (average of all countries considered); for lung cancer the sex ratio was 7 to 1, males to females. When the individual countries were compared, the percentage changes in death rates between 1958 and 1976 ranged from a reduction by 70% to an increase of four times the 1958 figures. When comparing both sexes, the percentage change was as follows: For women, the relative reduction of total mortality was five times that for men and for cerebrovascular diseases, double. For cancer of the stomach, the reduction was almost the same for both sexes. The relative rise in cirrhosis of the liver among men was about twice that among women, whereas the increase in lung cancer in women was twice as high as that in men. There was an average increase in heart disease among men of 11% but an average reduction among women of 16%. Although the greatest reduction of heart diseases and the second greatest reduction of total mortality among men have taken place in the United States, there are a number of other countries where a similar development of overall mortality was observed. The extreme reduction observed for Japan deserves special attention.     

Stomach cancer-related mortality rate is higher in young Japanese women than in men

This study compares stomach cancer-related mortality rates in Japan with those in European and Asian countries and analyzes trends in stomach cancer-related mortality rates according to gender in young Japanese over the period of 1957-1997. From official death certification numbers and population estimates, we obtained stomach cancer-related mortality rate for all ages and various ages according to gender. Japan's ranking compared to other countries in death percentage of all cancers which are attributable to stomach cancer was fourth for both men and women.In Japan and Ireland, total elimination of deaths from stomach cancer in men resulted in increased life expectancy of 0.68 and 0.22 y respectively, whereas the corresponding figures for women were 0.42 and 0.14 y respectively. The sex ratios of stomach cancer-related mortality rates were 0.75, 0.63, 0.80 and 0.94 for 25-29, 30-34, 35-39 and 40-44 y age groups, respectively, in 1997. The sex ratio of relative risk ranged from 0.62 to 0.92 in 25-40 y age groups during the observation period. The life expectancy in 30-34 y age group increased by 0.66 y for men and 0.41 y for women in 1995 after elimination of stomach cancer-related deaths. Our results suggest that stomach cancer-related mortality rates are still high in Japan and young women are at higher risk of stomach cancer-related death relative to young men and that sex ratio is stable or slightly decreased over the 40-y period. It is important to monitor this trend continuously in the next few years.     

1988—2017年中国居民胃癌死亡趋势分析

目的 分析1988—2017年中国胃癌死亡率时间变化趋势,为制定胃癌防控措施提供科学依据。 方法 数据来源于WHO国际癌症研究中心和《中国卫生统计年鉴》,采用SPSS 22.0汇总和计算1988—2017年中国胃癌死亡率数据,采用Joinpoint回归模型分析胃癌死亡率时间变化趋势。 结果 1988—2017年间,中国居民城市男性、城市女性、乡村男性、乡村女性的胃癌标化死亡率平均年度变化百分比(average annual percent change,AAPC)分别为-2.45%、-2.80%、-2.28%、-2.88%,期间城市男性与城市女性胃癌标化死亡率年度变化百分比(annual percent change,APC)基本没有变化;乡村男性1988—2008年间(APC=-1.19%,P<0.01)与2008—2017年间(APC=-4.71%,P<0.01)不同,乡村女性1988—2004年间(APC=-1.32%,P<0.01)与2004—2017年间(APC=-4.83%,P<0.01)不同。城市男性、城市女性、乡村男性、乡村女性胃癌截缩死亡率AAPC分别为-2.49%、-3.03%、-3.27%、-4.19%,城市女性、乡村男性、乡村女性胃癌截缩死亡率的变化趋势与其标化死亡率的变化趋势基本相似,而城市男性胃癌截缩死亡率仅在1988—1996年期间有下降(APC=-4.91%,P<0.01),1996—2017期间无下降趋势。城市居民中,除男性50～54岁、女性65～69岁胃癌死亡率无下降趋势以外,其他年龄组均呈下降趋势;乡村居民中,除男性30～34岁及75～84岁、女性25～39岁及80～84岁胃癌死亡率无下降趋势以外,其他年龄组均呈下降趋势。 结论 1988—2017年期间中国居民胃癌死亡率总体呈下降趋势,但下降的趋势在城乡之间有差异,乡村居民胃癌死亡率下降幅度高于城市居民,不同年龄之间胃癌死亡率下降趋势有差异。     

Incidence and mortality of cancer in Navarra, 1993-1997. Tendencies in the last 25 years

Between 1993-1997, there were 14,023 new cases of cancer registered in Navarra. In men, the most frequently diagnosed cancers were in the following order: lung, prostate, colon and rectum, stomach and bladder, which accounted for 60% of all the cancer cases. In women the sites of breast, colon and rectum, body of uterus, stomach and ovary accounted for 57% of the total number of cases. In the same period, 1993-1997, 3,875 men and 2,332 women died of cancer. 60% of all the deaths caused by malignant tumours in men were due to the sites of lung, colon and rectum, prostate, stomach and bladder. In women the sites of breast, colon and rectum, stomach, pancreas and liver, accounted for 51% of deaths from cancer. Amongst men in Navarra there has been an important increase in the last two decades of the rates of incidence and mortality of cancers related to the habit of smoking (lung, oral cavity and pharynx or pancreas). The global risk of dying from cancer was higher in the late 90s than in the 70s and 80s. From 1995 onwards, cancer mortality advanced from second place to occupy the first place as the cause of death amongst men in Navarra. Amongst women, cardiovascular diseases continue to be the first cause of death. Amongst women the global risk of death from cancer fell by 20% between 1975 and 1997, due principally to a fall in cases of stomach cancer. Tumours related to the habit of smoking have not so far shown substantial increases amongst women in Navarra. Breast cancer has increased in recent years, although its incidence and mortality amongst women in Navarra continues to be somewhat lower than the average in the European Union and the United States. Invasive cervical cancer remains at very low rates with respect to many European countries, including Spain. In both sexes there has been an increase in colorectal cancer and melanoma, while the incidence and mortality of stomach cancer continues to fall.     

2012-2014年重庆市万州区居民恶性肿瘤死因构成 及顺位分析

摘要:目的　了解2012-2014年重庆市万州区居民恶性肿瘤死因构成及顺位情况,为恶性肿瘤的防治工作提供依据。方法　资料来源于2012-2014年万州区疾病预防控制中心收集的居民死亡病例,输入DeathReg2005,应用SPSS13.0进行统计学分析,计算死亡率、标化死亡率、期望寿命和去肿瘤死因期望寿命。结果　2012-2014年,万州区恶性肿瘤年均死亡率189.50/10万。男性恶性肿瘤年均粗死亡率为251.41/10万,女性恶性肿瘤年均粗死亡率为127.56/10万,不同性别之间差异有统计学意义（χ2＝962.88,P＝0.000＜0.01）,除宫颈癌、乳腺癌外,肺癌、食管癌、肝癌、胃癌、肠癌、白血病、膀胱癌、鼻咽癌死亡率男女差异均有统计学意义（P＝0.000＜0.01）,其恶性肿瘤死亡率男性均明显高于女性。恶性肿瘤中,肺癌死亡率为55.17／10万,居第1位,其次为食道癌和肝癌;居民平均期望寿命77.21岁,去恶性肿瘤死因后期望寿命增加4.12岁。结论　肺癌、食道癌、肝癌、胃癌、肠癌、白血病以及女性乳腺癌、宫颈癌是危害万州区居民健康的主要恶性肿瘤死因,是万州区制定恶性肿瘤防控策略的重点。