转基因细胞CHL－2B6的建立和在遗传毒理试验代谢活化中的应用

应用稳定表达ＣＹＰ２Ｂ６的转基因细胞系ＣＨＬ－２Ｂ６对一组前致突变物／致癌物进行双核微核试验，同时以母细胞系ＣＨＬ为对照，结果表明：５种前致突变物ＮＮＫ、ＤＥＮ、ＮＭ、ＭＢＩ和ＣＰ均能诱导ＣＨＬ－２Ｂ６细胞的徽核率显著增加，其中ＮＮＫ、ＣＰ和ＡＦＢ１具有剂量－反应关系，在最高受试浓度微核率约增加３～８倍。显示转基因细胞系ＣＨＬ－２Ｂ６在化学致癌物的遗传毒理学研究方面具有重要的应用价值．     

烹调烟雾冷凝物的DNA损伤和细胞转化作用研究

为全面评价烹调烟雾的危害，收集居民家用脱排油烟机中的烹调烟雾冷凝物，经干燥脱水后，应用人外周血淋巴细胞非程序ＤＮＡ合成试验（ＵＤＳ）及ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ３Ｔ３细胞体外培养系统，检测居民厨房中烹调烟雾冷凝物的ＤＮＡ损伤作用及对ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ３Ｔ３细胞的毒性与转化作用。结果表明受试物在加Ｓ９和不加Ｓ９时，均能提高ＣＰＭ值，ＤＮＡ放射比活性Ｒ值均随测试浓度的增加而升高；受试物对ＢＡＬＢ细胞具有明显的细胞毒性与转     

巢湖源水和饮用水的诱变性研究

采用组合致突变性试验对以巢湖水为水源的合肥市四水厂的水源水、沉淀池出水和出厂水有机浓集物的诱变性进行了研究。结果表明巢湖源水及其氯化饮用水，在细菌，真核细胞以至整体动物试验中都呈现一定诱变性。混凝沉淀 工艺可除去部分诱变物。出厂水浓集物的致突变能力最强，其次为水源水，沉淀地出水最弱，多种方法联合应用，提高了饮水中诱变物检测的敏感性。研究还表明四种试验对饮水致突变性的检出敏感性顺序依次为ＳＣＥ＞微核     

抚仙湖水质的诱变性及其诱变因素分析

为探讨抚仙湖水质的诱变性及诱变因素，用蚕豆根尖细胞微核检测法，检测抚仙湖水质的诱变性。用高灵敏度的电感耦事氩等离子体发射光谱法（ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）检测水体中５种诱变性离子浓度。用ＧＣ／ＭＳ（色相色谱／质谱）联机检测水体中的有机化学污染物，结果表明，抚仙湖水质具有诱变性，且呈现水域性差异；水质的诱变性非水体中诱变性离子所致，但与水体中有机化合的种数有显著的相关性。     

色拉油烹调油烟的致突变性研究

流行病学调查揭示,烹调烟雾是我国肺癌的主要因素这一〔１,２〕。为了解城市居民通常食用的色拉油在烹调过程中产生的油烟的致突变性,应用姐妹染色单体互换（ＳＣＥ）指标对居民家用脱排油烟机收集油进行了实验研究。现将结果报告如下。样品收集与处理　选择数户以色拉油为食用油、普通膳食结构、使用煤气为燃料的居民家庭,收集脱排油烟机中的接漏油（油烟雾凝集物）,外观为黄色,样品混合后干燥脱水,于－２０℃低温保存。实验方法　淋巴细胞培养及制片按文献方法进行〔３〕。结果　受试物在加Ｓ９与不加Ｓ９两种实验条件下,均出现阳…     

新疆黑,白桑椹及喀什小檗抗诱变研究

为了解新疆部分可食性野生植物是否具有开发利用价值，对产于新疆吐鲁番地区的黑，白桑椹和阿克苏地区的喀什小檗的水溶性提取液用Ａｍｅｓ试验，小鼠骨髓微核试验，ＳＯＳ显色反应进行了诱变与抗变诱变研究。结果表明；三种受试物在上述三项试验中均无透变性，却有明显地抗诱变作用。提示黑，白桑椹和喀什小檗可开发利用。     

转基因细胞系CHL-3A4的建立及其代谢活化作用

目的建立ＣＨＬ３Ａ４细胞系为某些遗传毒性化合物的代谢途径研究提供模型细胞系，并用于新合成化学物质的致突变性检测。方法应用ＲＴＰＣＲ和ＤＮＡ重组技术从人肝组织中克隆细胞色素Ｐ４５０３Ａ４基因的ｃＤＮＡ至ＢｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔＭ１３载体上，经限制性内切酶图谱分析和克隆片段部分序列测定，证实为ＣＹＰ３Ａ４ｃＤＮＡ。然后构建真核细胞重组表达质粒ｐＲＥＰ９３Ａ４，导入中国仓鼠ＣＨＬ细胞。结果建立了ＣＨＬ３Ａ４转基因细胞系，双核细胞微核试验证明该细胞系能代谢活化黄曲霉毒素Ｂ１（ＡＦＢ１）、杂色霉菌毒素（ＳＴＣ）、环磷酰胺（ＣＰＡ）。结论所建ＣＨＬ３Ａ４细胞系确实能表达人细胞色素Ｐ４５０３Ａ４，并能代谢活化ＡＦＢ１、ＳＴＣ、ＣＰＡ。     

厄多司坦致突变作用研究

目的 研究厄多司坦的致突变效应。方法 Ａｍｅｓ试验、ＣＨＬ细胞染色体畸变试验、小鼠骨髓微核试验。结果 在±Ｓ９ｍｉｘ条件下,每皿厄多司坦的１．６７、０．５６、０．１９、０．０６和０．０２ｍｇ５个剂量对ＴＡ９７、ＴＡ９８、ＴＡ１００、ＴＡ１０２４个菌株无致突变作用;在±Ｓ９ｍｉｘ条件下的染色体畸变试验中,厄多司坦的２．４９、１．２５、０．６２５、０．３１３ｍｇ·ｍｌ＾－１４剂量浓度对ＣＨＬ细胞染色体     

S_9对大肠杆菌原噬菌体诱导试验的影响

Ｓ_９对大肠杆菌原噬菌体诱导试验的影响江苏镇江医学院（镇江２１２００１）端礼荣，李君荣大肠杆菌（Ｅ·ＣＯｌｔ）原噬菌体诱导试验法，国内已开始用于致癌物、诱变物的检测’“。由于大肠杆菌本身无微粒体酶系统，因此，对于许多前致癌物和前诱变物，需要外加Ｓ。（?..     

生物杀虫剂—茶蚕颗粒体病毒的细胞学研究

用生物杀虫剂茶蚕颗粒体病毒接种中国仓鼠肺细胞（ＣＨＬ）和鸡胚细胞未能引起细胞病变，茶蚕颗粒病毒亦不能在其中增殖，接种病毒颗粒后５天的原代细胞和盲代３代的细胞超薄切片的电镜观察未发现病毒包涵体。ＣＨＬ细胞的空斑实验证实了该病毒未感染ＣＨＬ细胞，但进行的ＣＨＬ细胞微核试验出现可疑阳性结果，提示茶蚕颗粒体病毒制剂中某些物质可能会引起遗传物质的改变     

五种软木尘诱发微核作用的探讨

调查了５种软木接尘工人共５８４人的外周血淋巴细胞微核率，发现均可诱发微核细胞率的增高。以对照组９５％正常上限０．４％作为判断微核阳性的标准，接尘工人的微核阳性率明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。并随工龄的增长而增高，具有明显的剂量、时间—反应关系（ｒ＝０．９０，Ｐ＜０．０１）。五种软木的接尘工人微核阳性率：椴木３６．２％，冷杉２６．３％，白皮松１５．７％，桦木９．６０％，杨木２．１０％。其中椴木和冷杉与对照组相比均有非常显著的差别（Ｐ＜０．０１）。五种软木尘的水提取液均可诱发小鼠骨髓ＰＣＥ微核率的增高，并均有明显的剂量—反应关系，相关系数椴木为０．８６，冷杉为０．６０，白皮松为０．３９，桦木为０．７６，杨木为０．７３；除白皮松Ｐ＜０．０２外，其他４种软木均Ｐ＜０．０１。在１５ｇ／ｋｇ体重剂量下微核率以椴木为最高（０．８０％），依次为冷杉（０．７１％）、桦木（０．６５％）、白皮松（０．６３％）、杨木（０．４３％）。动物试验结果与接尘工人外周血淋巴细胞微核阳性率趋势基本一致。表明软木尘中含有能损伤染色体的物质。     

椴木尘的遗传毒性初探

目的　探讨椴木尘的遗传毒性。方法　检测某火柴厂以接触椴木尘为主的工人的外周血淋巴细胞微核率。用椴木尘浸出液对小鼠进行了微核、单细胞电泳试验和肝组织活性氧自由基的检测及脂质过氧化水平 [丙二醛 (MDA)含量 ]、红细胞超氧化歧化酶活力 (SOD)的测定。结果　工龄为0～、5～、≥ 10年的接触椴木尘工人的外周血淋巴细胞微核阳性率分别为 5 0 .0 %、5 1.9%、5 0 .0 %,与对照组 (4 .5 %)相比 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;椴木尘浸出液染毒小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率也呈明显的剂量 -反应关系 (r=0 .78,P <0 .0 1)。染毒小鼠的SOD活力 [(10 .98± 5 .74)、(15 .70± 7.5 4)、(2 9.6 3± 14.97) μg/gHb]及MDA含量 [(4 .93± 0 .90 )、(4 .6 1± 1.0 6 )、(4 .33± 0 .6 9)mmol/g肝 ]与对照组[(35 .80± 12 .92 ) μg/gHb、(2 .5 1± 0 .34 )mmol/g肝 ]相比 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,并有明显的剂量 -反应关系 (SOD活力 :r=- 0 .6 7,P <0 .0 1;MDA含量 :r =0 .6 5 ,P <0 .0 1)。染毒小鼠肝细胞的单细胞电泳结果显示 ,随着染毒剂量的升高 ,DNA链的断裂有增高的趋势 ;肝组织中的活性氧自由基的信号也有随染毒剂量的升高而增高的趋势。结论　椴木尘可能存在一定的遗传毒性。     

柞木尘和桦木尘致病作用的实验研究

本研究用柞木尘和桦木尘给大鼠气管内注入染尘,观察染尘后1、3、6、12个月和死鼠肺的病理组织学改变,并测定了肺体积、肺湿重、肺干重和全肺胶原蛋白量。实验结果表明,两种木尘所致病理改变相似。早期,木尘对肺泡有明显的刺激作用,导致肺泡上皮脱落,肺泡闭塞和细胞增生。后期,肺内有粉尘细胞灶形成,粉尘向淋巴结转移,粉尘细胞灶占据的肺胞腔出现逐渐通气的趋势。尽管如此,肺内病变并没有完全恢复,至染尘后一年,肺内仍留有大面积的损伤,伴轻度的网状纤维增生。认为,这种长期存在的病理性损害同样是木尘作用的结果。     

2-methylanthraquinone as a marker of occupational exposure to teak wood dust in boatyards

A new gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) method was developed to detect 2-methylanthraquinone (2-MeA) in wood dust. 2-MeA is present in teak wood (a suspected human carcinogen) but not in oak, beech, mahogany, birch, ash or pine. The method involved collection of workplace dust on filters and extraction of 2-MeA with methanol and GC/MS analysis. The method was tested on teak wood dust samples (n = 43) collected on polyvinylchloride membrane filters during various work operations in four small factories making furniture and fittings for leisure craft and boatyards (air teak wood dust concentration: range 0.32-14.32 mg m(-3)). A high correlation coefficient for the content of 2-MeA versus teak dust was obtained (logarithmic correlation: y = 1.5308x + 0.0998, r = 0.9215). Determination of airborne 2-MeA is a useful technique to confirm occupational exposure to teak wood dust.     

A survey of size-fractionated dust levels in the U.S. wood processing industry

A survey of size-fractionated dust exposure was carried out in 10 wood processing plants across the United States as part of a 5-year longitudinal respiratory health study. The facilities included a sawmill, plywood assembly plants, secondary wood milling operations, and factories producing finished wood products such as wood furniture and cabinets. Size-fractionated dust exposures were determined using the RespiCon Personal Particle Sampler. There were 2430 valid sets of respirable, thoracic, and inhalable dust samples collected. Overall, geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) exposure levels were found to be 1.44 (2.67), 0.35 (2.65), and 0.18 (2.54) mg/m, for the inhalable, thoracic, and respirable fractions, respectively. Averaged across all samples, the respirable fraction accounted for 16.7% of the inhalable dust mass, whereas the corresponding figure for thoracic fraction as a percentage of the inhalable fraction was 28.7%. Exposures in the furniture manufacturing plants were significantly higher than those in sawmill and plywood assembly plants, wood milling plants, and cabinet manufacturing plants, whereas the sawmill and plywood assembly plants exhibited significantly lower dust levels than the other industry segments. Among work activities, cleaning with compressed air and sanding processes produced the highest size-fractionated dust exposures, whereas forklift drivers demonstrated the lowest respirable and inhalable dust fractions and shipping processes produced the lowest thoracic dust fraction. Other common work activities such as sawing, milling, and clamping exhibited intermediate exposure levels, but there were significant differences in relative ranking of these across the various industry segments. Processing of hardwood and mixed woods generally were associated with higher exposures than were softwood and plywood, although these results were confounded with industry segment also.     

Exposure assessment to alpha- and beta-pinene,delta(3)-carene and wood dust in industrial production of wood pellets

The main aim of the study was to measure the exposure to monoterpenes (alpha- and beta-pinene and Delta(3)-carene) and wood dust during industrial production of wood pellets and briquettes. Additional aims were to compare the results from wood dust sampled on a filter with real time measurements using a direct reading instrument and to identify peak exposures to dust. Twenty-four men working at six companies involved in industrial production of wood pellets and briquettes participated in the study. Monoterpenes were measured by diffusive sampling and wood dust was measured as total dust. A data logger (DataRAM) was used for continuous monitoring of dust concentration for 18 of the participants. The sampling time was approximately 8 h. The personal exposure to monoterpenes ranged from 0.64 to 28 mg/m(3) and a statistically significant (Kruskal-Wallis test, P = 0.0002) difference in levels of monoterpenes for workers at different companies was seen. In the companies the personal exposure to wood dust varied between 0.16 and 19 mg/m(3) and for 10 participants the levels exceeded the present Swedish occupational exposure limit (OEL) of 2 mg/m(3). The levels of wood dust during the morning shift were significantly (Mann-Whitney test, P = 0.04) higher compared with the afternoon shift. Continuous registration of dust concentration showed peak values for several working operations, especially cleaning of truck engines with compressed air. For 24 workers in six companies involved in industrial production of wood pellets the personal exposure to monoterpenes was low and to wood dust high compared with the present Swedish OEL and previous studies in Swedish wood industries. Since the DataRAM can identify critical working tasks with high wood dust exposure a reduction in exposure levels could probably be achieved by changes in working routines and by the use of protective equipment.     

两种瓷釉涂料致突变性研究

本文用小鼠急性经口毒性试验，小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验，Ａｍｅｓ试验对两种瓷釉涂料浸泡水毒性和致突变性进行了研究。结果表明：两种瓷涂料浸泡水ＬＤ５０均大于２１５００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，为无毒物质。受试物在７００，２０００，１００００ｍｇ／ｋｇ三个剂量下，小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验均未显示有致突变作用。     

木尘对肺泡巨噬细胞的毒性作用

目的 :探讨木尘对肺泡巨噬细胞 (AM)的毒性作用。方法 :采用某木综厂胶合板车间除尘室的尘木进行家兔 AM的毒性实验。结果 :显示该木尘使 AM存活率降低 ,有明显的剂量反应关系。结论 :该木尘对 AM有明显毒性。     

应用蚕豆根尖微核技术监测矿尘的致突变性

本文应用蚕豆根尖微核技术对广西大厂锡矿区工作面采集的11份矿尘样品进行了致突变性检测。结果:矿尘样微核率(14.7～19.9‰)明显高于对照组(P<0.01);对其中45号矿尘样进行了剂量—效应试验,结果呈明显的剂量—效应关系。提示矿尘具有致突变活性,可能是导致大厂锡矿工人肺癌高发的原因之一。为此,加强防尘措施,降低环境矿尘浓度,可能对减少该矿肺癌发病具有重要意义。     

亚砷酸盐对小鼠细胞遗传学效应的实验研究

本文报告了亚砷酸钠引起小鼠骨髓细胞的细胞遗传学效应。作者测定了亚砷酸盐在小鼠体内引起染色体畸变、姊妹染色单体交换和微核率的改变。试验结果表明,砷化物在体内未能引起染色体畸变,这和体外试验结果有所不同。但砷化物可使体内姊妹染色单体交换频率和微核率升高,这和体外试验结果是一致的。作者最后对砷化物引起的体内试验和体外试验结果进行了讨论。