安妥沙星纸片扩散法外抗菌活性测定折点初步研究

目的：确定安妥沙星对葡萄球菌属、肠杆菌科、非发酵菌及嗜血杆菌属的纸片扩散法体外抗菌活性测定折点。方法：采用标准琼脂二倍稀释法与纸片扩散法（5μg和10μg）测定安妥沙星对临床常见致病菌的敏感性,并与临床常用的氟喹诺酮类药物相比较分析,结合人体药代动力学参数,利用MIC与抑菌圈直径散点图,初步确定安妥沙星纸片扩散法对常见细菌的折点。结果：安妥沙星的体外抗菌作用与左氧氟沙星接近且相关性最好,根据安妥沙星琼脂稀释法体外抗菌活性测定的临界浓度（嗜血杆菌敏感临界浓度为≤1mg／L,其他细菌敏感、中介与耐药临界浓度分别为≤2、4、≥8mg／L）,利用MIC与抑菌圈直径散点图初步确定安妥沙星（10扯g）纸片对嗜血杆菌抑菌圈直径≥21mm为敏感,其它菌种耐药、中介与敏感的抑菌圈直径分别为≤14mm、15～17mm和≥18mm。标准菌株质控范围分别为大肠埃希菌ATCC2592224～31mm,铜绿假单胞菌ATCC2785322～26mm,金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC2592322～28mm。结论：通过体外抗菌活性比较,利用MIC与抑菌圈直径散点图,初步确定了安妥沙星纸片扩散法体外抗菌活性测定对常见细菌的折点,供临床应用参考与验证。     

巴洛沙星的体外抗菌作用研究

目的评价巴洛沙星的体外抗菌作用。方法以琼脂稀释法测定巴洛沙星对临床分离菌的最低抑菌浓度，并与有关抗菌药进行比较；测定巴洛沙星的杀菌作用，观察巴洛沙星的抗菌活性影。结果巴洛沙星对革兰氏阳性菌及革兰氏阴性菌具广谱抗菌活性，尤其对葡萄球菌、肺炎球菌、肠球菌等革兰氏阳性菌活性优于诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星和环丙沙星。巴洛沙星有较强的杀菌作用，其MBC与MIC相一致，在体外具有较长的抗菌后效应。结论巴洛沙星是一种广谱抗菌药，抗菌作用强，临床应用前景好。     

肚痛丸体外抗菌活性的测定

目的；对肚痛丸提取液进行体外抗菌试验，测定其MIC值，方法：采用琼脂稀释法进行体外抗菌活性的实验。结果：测得肚痛丸提取液体外对肠道常见细菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）为0．156－1．250mg/ml，结论：肚痛丸提取液对肠道常见细菌具有显著的抗菌作用。     

氧哌嗪青霉素体外抗菌活性及其胆汁浓度测定方法的研究

本文应用琼脂平板稀释法测定氧哌嗪青霉素对40株常见致病菌的最低抑菌浓度(MI-C),并应用AVANTAGE分析仪对胆道感染致病菌对氧哌嗪青霉素的敏感性进行测定。结果表明,氧哌嗪青霉素对G~ 球菌的MIC为0.5～32μg/ml,对G~-杆菌的MIC为<0.0625～64μg/ml,对胆道常见致病菌的敏感率为75～100%。同时应用AVANTAGE分析仪自动化比浊法探讨了氧哌嗪青霉素胆汁浓度的测定方法。以吸收度(y)对浓度(x)回归,得回归方程为y=0.1878-0.002776x,R=-0.9975。表明在标准浓度2.5～40μg/ml范围内,氧哌嗪青霉素胆汁浓度与吸收度具有良好的线性关系。在三个浓度水平上回收率分别为98.4%、101.3%和105.0%。管间变异<5.7%、日内变异<5.6%、日间变异<6.2%,表明该测定方法较为精确,可以接受并进一步用于临床研究。     

钩吻活性成分的提取分离及其体外抗真菌作用初步研究

目的 对钩吻提取物进行分离纯化,确定其有效部位,并初步考察其体外抗真菌作用,为进一步研究提供参考依据.方法 采用95％乙醇加热回流提取与石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取相结合的方法对钩吻进行提取分离,应用HPLC法对不同萃取部位进行比较,并以琼脂稀释法确定钩吻有效部位,测定有效部位对40株临床常见曲霉菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC).结果 钩吻提取物各萃取部位中所合成分不一致,其中仅石油醚部位对曲霉菌有抑制作用,其对40株曲霉菌的MIC范围为4800～9600μg·mL-1,平均MIC为6960μg·mL-1.结论 体外实验表明,钩吻对曲霉菌的生长存在抑制作用,抗曲霉菌有效成分主要存在于石油醚部位中.     

采用最低抑菌浓度筛选氧氟沙星滴眼液处方的初步研究

本文应用琼脂稀释法，测定不同组方的氧氟沙星（OFLX）滴眼剂对临床常见致病菌的最低抑制浓度（MIC），并与相同浓度的市售氧氟沙星滴眼剂的MIC值比较，得出不同组方的氧氟沙星的MIC值各不相同。附加剂的选择对药效有很大的影响。提示处方筛选中MIC测定，需引起重视。     

克林沙星在体内外的抗菌活性

目的：对克林沙星的抗菌活性进行研究。方法：克林沙星的最小抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）检测采用试管肉汤稀释法,其半数有效量（ＥＤ５０）的检测通过对感染小鼠的试验性治疗来实现。结果：克林沙星对嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌以外的全部实验菌的ＭＩＣ９０为０．０３～２．０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１,低于单次口服克林沙星２００ｍｇ在血浆中的峰浓度（２．５ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１）;克林沙星的ＭＩＣ值为环丙沙星的１／８～１／２,ＥＤ５０为环丙沙星的１＝３     

盐酸安妥沙星胶囊中安妥沙星的含量测定

目的：建立盐酸安妥沙星胶囊中安妥沙星含量测定的HPLC法。方法：采用C18色谱柱（4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm）,以乙腈-0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液（含0.005 mol/L己烷磺酸钠和0.007%EDTA-2Na,用磷酸调节pH值至2.4）（16∶84）为流动相,检测波长为297 nm。结果：含量测定的线性范围为0.05~0.5 mg/mL（r=1,n=5）,平均回收率为100.20%,RSD为0.31%（n=9）。结论：该方法准确可靠,适用于盐酸安妥沙星胶囊中安妥沙星的含量测定。     

巴洛沙星的体外抗菌作用研究

目的考察巴洛沙星的体外抗菌作用。方法以琼脂稀释法测定巴洛沙星对临床分离致病菌的最低抑菌浓度，并与诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、妥舒沙星和洛美沙星等抗菌药进行比较；测定巴洛沙星的杀菌作用，观察巴洛沙星的抗菌活性。结果 巴洛沙星对革兰阳性菌和革兰阴性菌具有广谱抗菌活性，尤其对金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎球菌、肠球菌等革兰阳性菌的活性优于诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星和环丙沙星。巴洛沙星有较强的杀菌作用，其MBC与MIC相近，在体外具有较长时间的抗菌后效应。结论巴洛沙星是一种广谱抗菌药，抗菌作用强，有一定的临床应用前景。     

A study of the disc sensitivity test for cefaclor

Susceptibilities of 169 strains of 30 bacterial species to cefaclor (CCL) were determined by the 2-fold agar dilution method in parallel with the diameter of inhibition zones by the single-disc method, under the experimental condition established by Kanazawa. The experiments demonstrated significant correlation between MIC by the dilution method and diameter of inhibition zone in each of conventional assay of the over-night (about 16 hours) incubation, delayed assay (about 24 hours incubation), and rapid assay (after 3-4 or 5-6 hours incubation), thus confirming applicability of the single-disc assay for CCL. Analysis of the data obtained by using CCL disc containing 30 micrograms revealed the primary regression equation to be: D (diameter, mm) = 28.2--10.2 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in conventional assay, D = 33.8--13.0 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in delayed assay, D = 17.9--5.1 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in 3-4 hours rapid assay and D = 22.6--7.4 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in 5-6 hours rapid assay, respectively. The range of variations in MICs estimated from the diameter of inhibition zone by the disc test was then calculated in comparison with that in MIC determined by the 2-fold agar dilution assays, as reference for the experimental errors which may be involved in the estimation of MIC of CCL by the single-disc assay.     

A study of the disc sensitivity test for cefotaxime

Susceptibility of 101 strains of 29 bacterial species to cefotaxime were determined by the 2-fold agar dilution method in parallel with the diameter of inhibition zone by the single-disc method, under the experimental condition established by Kanazawa. The experiments demonstrated significant correlation between MIC by the dilution method and diameter of inhibition zone in each of conventional assay of the over-night (about 16 hours) incubation, delayed assay (about 24 hours incubation), and rapid assay (after 3 approximately 4 or 5 approximately 6 hours incubation), thus confirming applicability of the single-disc assay for cefotaxime. Analysis of the data obtained by using cefotaxime disc containing 30 micrograms revealed the primary regression equation to be: D (diameter, mm) = 26.5-9.4 log MIC (microgram/ml) in conventional assay, D = 33.1-11.7 log MIC (microgram/ml) in delayed assay, D = 16.8 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in 3-4 hours rapid assay and D = 21.4-6.6 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in 5-6 hours rapid assay, respectively. The range of variations in MICs estimated from the diameter of inhibition zone by the disc test was then calculated in comparison with that in MIC determined by the 2-fold agar dilution assays, as reference for the experimental errors which may be involved in the estimation of MIC of cefotaxime by the single-disc assay.     

A study of the disc sensitivity test for cephapirin

Susceptibility of 203 strains of 34 bacterial species or subspecies to cephapirin (CEPR) was determined by the 2-fold agar dilution method in parallel with the determination of inhibition zone diameter in the single-disc method. These experiments demonstrated a significant correlation between the MIC by the dilution method and the diameter of inhibition zone determined by the conventional assay using an over-night (about 16 hours) incubation, the delayed assay (about 24 hours incubation), or the rapid assay (after 3-4 or 5-6 hours incubation), hence applicability of the single-disc assay for CEPR was confirmed. An analysis of the data obtained using CEPR discs (each containing 30 micrograms) revealed that primary regression equations were as follows: D (diameter, mm) = 25.8-9.7 log MIC (microgram/ml) in the conventional assay; D = 31.2-12.3 log MIC in the delayed assay; D = 21.7-7.1 log MIC in the 5-6-hour rapid assay and D = 17.9-5.0 log MIC in the 3-4-hour rapid assay, and especially for beta-lactamase producing Staphylococci, they were: D = 24.9-9.2 log MIC in the conventional assay, D = 20.4-7.4 log MIC in the 5-6-hour rapid assay and D = 17.5-5.8 log MIC in the 3-4-hour rapid assay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

A study on the disc sensitivity test for cefsulodin

Susceptibilities of 101 strains of 34 bacterial species to cefsulodin (CFS) were determined by the 2-fold agar dilution method in parallel with the diameter of inhibition zone by the single-disc method, under the experimental condition established by Kanazawa. The experiments demonstrated significant correlation between MIC by the dilution method and diameter of inhibition zone in each of conventional assay of the over-night (about 16 hours) incubation, delayed assay (about 24 hours incubation), and rapid assay (about 3--4 or 5--6 hours incubation), thus confirming applicability of the single-disc assay for CFS. Analysis of the data obtained by using CFS disc containing 30 micrograms revealed the primary regression equation to be: D (diameter, mm) = 30.0 - 12.1 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in conventional assay, D = 36.3 - 15.6 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in delayed assay, D = 25.2 - 9.0 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in 5--6 hours rapid assay, and D = 20.4 - 6.4 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in 3--4 hours rapid assay, respectively. The range of variations in MICs estimated from the diameters of inhibition zone by the disc test was then calculated in comparison with that in MICs determined by the 2-fold agar dilution assays, as reference for the experimental errors which may be involved in the estimation of MICs of CFS by the single-disc assay.     

A study on the disc sensitivity test for cefmenoxime

Susceptibilities of 77 strains of 24 bacterial species to cefmenoxime (CMX) were determined by the 2-fold agar dilution method in parallel with the diameter of inhibition zones by the single-disc method, under the experimental condition established by Kanazawa . The experiments demonstrated significant correlation between MIC by the dilution method and diameter of inhibition zone in each of conventional assay of the over-night (about 16 hours) incubation, delayed assay (about 24 hours incubation), and rapid assay (about 3 approximately 4 or 5 approximately 6 hours incubation), thus confirming applicability of the single-disc assay for CMX. Analysis of the data obtained by using CMX disc containing 30 micrograms revealed the primary regression equation to be: D (diameter, mm) = 25.5-9.3 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in conventional assay, D = 30.8-12.0 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in delayed assay, D = 20.9-6.9 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in 5 approximately 6 hours rapid assay, and D = 16.8-4.8 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in 3 approximately 4 hours rapid assay, respectively. The range of variations in MICs estimated from the diameter of inhibition zone by the disc test was then calculated in comparison with that in MIC determined by the 2-fold agar dilution assays, as reference for the experimental errors which may be involved in the estimation of MIC of CMX by the single-disc assay.     

A study on the disc sensitivity test for cefpirome]

Susceptibilities of 232 strains of 40 bacterial groups to cefpirome (CPR) were determined by the 2-fold agar dilution method in parallel with the diameter of inhibition zones by the single-disc method under the experimental conditions established by Kanazawa. The experiments demonstrated a significant correlation between MIC by the dilution method and diameter of inhibition zone in each of the conventional assay of over-night (about 16 hours) incubation, the delayed assay (about 24 hours incubation), and the rapid assay (about 3-4 or 5-6 hours incubation), thus confirming the applicability of the single-disc assay for CPR. Analysis of the data obtained by using CPR disc containing 30 micrograms revealed the primary regression equation to be: D (diameter, mm) = 26.7-9.2 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in the conventional assay, D = 33.8-12.7 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in the delayed assay, D = 21.2-6.7 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in 5-6 hours rapid assay, and D = 14.8-4.1 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in 3-4 hours rapid assay. The range of variations in MICs estimated from the diameter of inhibition zone by the disc test was then calculated in comparison with that in MIC determined by the 2-fold agar dilution test, as a reference for the experimental errors which may be involved in the estimation of MIC of CPR by the single-disc assay.     

A study on the disc sensitivity test for cefodizime]

Susceptibilities of 289 strains of 34 bacterial species to cefodizime (CDZM) were determined using the 2-fold agar dilution method in parallel with the measurement of inhibition zone diameters in the single-disc method under the experimental conditions established by Kanazawa. The experiments demonstrated a significant correlation between MIC by the dilution method and diameter of inhibition zone in each of the conventional, overnight assay (about 16 hours incubation), thus the applicability of the single-disc assay for CDZM was established. Analysis of the data obtained using discs containing 30 micrograms of CDZM/disc revealed that the primary regression equation was in the form: D (Diameter, mm) = 32.3-13.5 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in the conventional assay for staphylococci, Enterococcus group and glucose-non-fermentative Gram-negative rods. For other bacteria, the primary regression equation was in the form: D (diameter, mm) = 24.1-8.4 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in the conventional assay. The range of variations in MICs estimated from diameters of inhibition zones in the disc test was then calculated in comparison with that in MIC determined by the 2-fold agar dilution test to estimate experimental errors which may be involved in the determination of MICs of CDZM using the single-disc assay.     

霍乱疫苗效力试验替代方法的研究

目的研究霍乱疫苗效力试验的替代方法。方法以不同剂量霍乱疫苗免疫小鼠,用间接ELISA方法检测小鼠全血的抗菌、抗毒抗体滴度,小鼠毒菌攻击法计算保护率。结果抗毒、抗菌抗体水平与免疫剂量和攻毒后的动物保护率成正相关,结果稳定。结论可以通过检测高免疫剂量组实验动物的抗菌、抗毒抗体替代以往小鼠攻毒法的效力试验。     

A study on the disc sensitivity test for clavulanic acid/amoxicillin combination

Susceptibilities of 179 strains of 30 bacterial species or subspecies to clavulanic acid/amoxicillin (CVA/AMPC) combination were determined by the 2-fold agar dilution method as well as by diameters of inhibition zones in the single-disc method, under the experimental conditions established by Kanazawa. The experiments demonstrated significant correlation between MICs by the dilution method and diameters of inhibition zones in each of conventional assays of the over-night (about 16 hours) incubation, the delayed assay (about 24 hours incubation), and the rapid assay (after 3-4 or 5-6 hours incubation), thus confirming applicability of the single-disc assay for activities of CVA/AMPC combination. From an analysis of the data obtained using CVA/AMPC (1:2) combination of disc containing 45 micrograms, the primary regression equations were obtained as follows: D (diameter, mm) = 27.4-10.1 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in the conventional assay; D = 33.7-13.4 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in the delayed assay; D = 20.7-6.6 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in the 5-6 hours rapid assay, and D = 14.5-3.6 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in the 3-4 hours rapid assay. The range of variations in MICs of CVA/AMPC combination estimated from diameters of inhibition zones by the disc test was then calculated in comparison with that in MICs determined by the 2-fold agar dilution method to estimate experimental errors involved in assaying MICs of CVA/AMPC combination by the single-disc assay.