乳腺肿块的高频彩超诊断分析

目的探讨高频彩超检查乳腺良恶性肿块的声像图特征及诊断价值。方法通过对经病理证实的乳腺良性肿块60例和恶性肿块22例的高频彩超声像图进行回顾性分析。结果良性诊断符合率为93．3％，恶性诊断符合率为90．1％；恶性组彩色多普勒血流分级主要为Ⅱ-Ⅲ级，而良性组主要为0-I级，两组具有明显的统计学差异（P〈0．05）；两组在RI方面均有统计学差异（P〈0．01）。结论高频彩超对乳腺良恶性肿块的诊断有较高的价值。     

高频彩超对鉴别30例良恶性乳腺肿块的诊断分析

目的分析良恶性乳腺肿块高频彩超声像图特征,探讨高频彩超对良恶性乳腺肿块鉴别的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析本院自2010年1月至2011年1月收治的30例经病理证实的乳腺肿块患者的高频彩超图像。结果本组患者中有25例为良性肿块,5例恶性肿块,检出率分别为96%和80%;在彩色多普勒血流分级方面,良性肿块主要是0～Ⅰ级,恶性肿块主要是Ⅱ～Ⅲ级,2组差异显著;在PI以及RI方面也具有显著差异。结论高频彩超具有较高的检出率,超声彩超对良恶性乳腺肿块的鉴别以及诊断具有十分重要的意义。     

高频超声微血管成像在乳腺肿瘤良恶性鉴定中的应用

目的探讨高频超声微血管成像在乳腺肿瘤良恶性鉴定中的应用价值。方法选取2015年7月—2016年6月我院收治的乳腺肿瘤患者86例。全部患者经超声引导下穿刺进行病理检查,且均进行高频彩色超声微血管成像检查。对比分析良性病变与恶性肿瘤的高频超声检测声像图的不同。结果 86例患者中有恶性肿瘤38例,高频超声诊断符合率86.84%(33/38);良性病变48例,高频超声诊断符合率93.75%(45/48)。良性病变与恶性肿瘤血流等级对比差异有统计学意义(Z=5.938、P<0.001);良性组以0级、1级为主,恶性组以2级、3级为主。良性病变与恶性肿瘤在穿支血管、收缩期峰值流速、阻力指数、频谱形态对比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论高频超声微血管成像在乳腺肿瘤良恶性诊断中具有重要的临床参考价值,能清晰观察到病灶的血管分布、形态及血流情况。     

彩色多普勒超声在乳腺肿块诊断中的应用

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在乳腺肿块鉴别诊断中的价值。方法对43例患者51个乳腺肿块进行彩色多普勒超声检查,比较超声检查与手术诊断结果。按良、恶性将肿块分为两组,良性组33个,恶性组18个。比较两组血流信号及血流动力学参数(PI及RI)。结果超声检查肿块良性诊断符合率为92.6%(25/27),恶性诊断符合率为93.4%(15/16);良性组60.6%(20/33)可检测到血流信号,恶性组94.4%(17/18)可检测到血流信号(P<0.05);良性组RI及PI指数均低于恶性组(P<0.05)。结论彩色多普勒超声作为一种无创性影像检查方法,可清晰显示乳腺肿块的二维声像图特征和血流特征,对乳腺肿块良、恶性鉴别诊断具有重要的临床应用价值。     

乳腺肿块的高频彩超表现与病理对比分析

目的:探讨乳腺良、恶性肿块二维声像图和彩色多普勒血流显像情况。方法:应用高频二维超声对177例乳腺肿块患者进行检查,观察肿块的形态、边界、内部回声、病灶后方回声及有无微小钙化灶。彩色多普勒血流图观察乳腺良、恶性肿块的血流特征。所有病例均经手术治疗,将超声诊断与手术病理诊断结果进行对照。结果:177例乳腺肿块术后病理诊断为恶性者80例,良性97例。超声对恶性肿块的诊断总符合率为97.5%,误诊率为2.5%;良性符合率为97.9%,误诊率为2.06%。结论:高频彩超声图像特征对乳腺恶性肿块具有较高的诊断价值,但对微小乳腺癌的诊断仍有局限性。     

高频彩超对乳腺肿块的诊断价值

目的 探讨高频彩超诊断乳腺肿块的临床价值.方法 应用高频彩超回顾分析经手术及病理证实的210例乳腺囊实性肿块的二维及彩色多普勒血流显像.结果 彩色超声对乳腺肿块的显示率100%,其中良性171例,恶性39例,各类良性肿块的诊断准确率930%～100%,平均970%.各类恶性肿块的诊断准确率为750%～898%,平均850%.结论 乳腺良、恶性肿块有较典型的声像图改变,高频超声结合血流显像诊断符合率高,为乳腺疾病提供了可靠的诊断依据.     

彩超诊断乳腺肿块与手术病理对照分析

目的 探讨乳腺肿块的声像图特征与手术后病理特征的关系,进一步提高彩超对乳腺良恶性肿块的诊断符合率,减少误诊率.方法 回顾性分析209例患者术前超声检查特征,均经病理和治疗随访证实.结果 本组病例的良恶性乳腺肿块的超声声像图与术后病理的特征密切相关,良性肿块诊断符合率为98.7%,恶性肿块诊断符合率97.1%.结论 根据超声声像图特征与病理结果相结合,可进一步提高超声诊断的准确率.     

乳腺肿块的彩超诊断与分析

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声对乳腺肿块的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析96例乳腺肿块的彩超声像图与病理作了一些对照。结果:96例乳腺肿块中良性72例,恶性2 4例,72例良性肿块中6例误诊为恶性,91.6 7% (6 6 /72 )为0级～I级血流,2 4例恶性肿块中3例误诊为良性,87.5 0 % (2 1/ 2 4 )为 级～ 级血流。结论:彩超诊断乳腺肿块、判断其良恶性准确性较高,有较大的临床应用价值。     

高频彩超对乳腺良恶性肿块的鉴别诊断价值

目的：探讨高频彩超对乳腺良恶性肿块的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法：对236例经手术病理证实的乳腺肿块患者进行高频彩超检查,并分析对比良、恶性肿块的二维超声特点及彩色多普勒血流特征。结果：236例乳腺肿块中,良性肿块173例,恶性肿块63例,良性肿块超声诊断符合率为95.4%（165/173）,恶性肿块超声诊断符合率为92.1%（58/63）。结论：以高频二维超声检查为基础,结合彩色多普勒的血流特征,对诊断乳腺肿块的良恶性具有重要意义。     

高频彩超对乳腺肿瘤的诊断价值

目的：探讨高频彩超检查乳腺良、恶性肿块的图像、血流特征及诊断价值。方法：对经病理证实的乳腺良性肿块65例和恶性肿块25例的高频彩超声像图进行回顾性分析并将超声诊断与手术及病理诊断结果进行对比。结果：乳腺肿块彩色多谱勒超声诊断与病理诊断总的符合率为94．4％。结论：高频彩超对乳腺肿块的定性诊断具有较高的临床应用价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.