高原汉族农民跟骨定量超声测定结果的分析研究

目的：探讨高原环境对体力劳动者骨量变化的影响。方法：采用UBIS3000型定量超声仪，对生活在海拔3000m高原的567名汉族农民跟骨定量超声参数进行测定。结果：超声振幅衰减(BUA)、刚度(STI)的峰值男性为40～49岁，女性为30～39岁，超声声速(SOS)峰值男女性均为40～49岁，50岁以后各项指标均明显下降。结论：体力劳动和高原环境因素都对骨量变化产生重要影响，高原农民年轻时高强度的体力劳动对骨量的影响大于高原环境因素的影响，老年后随劳动量减少骨量迅速丢失。     

北京市区707例跟骨定量超声测定结果的分析

目的 测定北方我正常成人跟骨定量超声参数,并与１２８例骨疏松症患进行比较。方法 采用ＵＢＳ３０００型定量超声仪,对北京市区５７９名正常成人,年龄为２０至８３岁（女３６６人,男２１３人）跟骨定量超声参数进行测量。结果 跟骨超声振幅衰减（ＢＵＡ）和刚度（ＳＴＩ）的峰值女性在４０～４９岁,男性在５０～５９岁,超声声速（ＳＯＳ）的峰值女性在４０～４９岁,各年龄组的ＢＵＡ、ＳＯＡ和ＳＴＩ匀高于女性。ＢＵＡ     

山西地区正常人骨定量超声测定及评价

目的 测定山西地区健康成人跟骨定量超声参数，并经体重指数标准化后，分不同年龄段进行比较。方法 采用UBIS5000型定量超声仪，对山西地区811名20-80岁正常成人(女468人，男343人)行跟骨定量超声参数测量。结果 跟骨超声振幅衰减(BUA)和刚度(STI)的峰值女性在45—49岁，BUA峰值男性在50—54岁。经体重指数校正后，不论男性或女性BUA、STI及超声波传导速度(SOS)峰值均在20—24岁。结论 跟骨BUA、SOS和STI随年龄增长而变化，消除体重指数影响后差异仍明显存在，且随着增龄逐年降低，其中男性变化趋势不如女性明显。     

高强度体力劳动者跟骨定量超声测定结果的分析研究

目的 测定高强度体力劳动者(建筑工人)和脑力劳动者(中学教师)跟骨定量超声参数,分析评价体力劳动强度对骨量变化的影响。方法 采用UBIS3000型定量超声仪,对兰州市区217名建筑工人和183名中学教师(男,年龄20-49岁)跟骨定量超声参数进行测定。结果 建筑工人跟骨超声振幅衰减(BUA)和刚度(STT)在20-49岁呈递增趋势,超声声速(SOS)递减,但无统计学差异。教师的三项数据峰值都在30-39岁,各年龄组均低于建筑工人组。结论 跟骨三项指标随年龄增长改变,体力劳动的强度对骨量变化有重要影响,强体力劳动者骨质量优于脑力劳动者,提示运动有助于保持骨量,预防骨质疏松的发生。     

海宁市成人骨量分布及骨质疏松症研究

目的 了解海宁市成人骨量的分布规律及骨质疏松症的患病情况。方法 采用DOVE3000骨密度测量仪对3365例的跟骨骨量进行测定，SPSS统计软件对各组数据进行处理。结果 海宁市成人骨量约在25－35岁达到峰值，50岁开始随年龄的增加而逐年减少；骨质疏松症的发病率与年龄的变化呈正相关（r=0.823)；在50岁前男性骨量虽比女性高，但两比较无统计学差异（P＞0．05），50岁后男性明显高于女性（P＜0．05），且女性骨量的丢失速率明显快于男性；女性绝经1－3年骨量开始快速丢失，约15年后趋缓。结论 海宁市成人骨量25－35岁达到峰值；女性骨量低于男性，50岁后骨量丢失的速度明显快于男性；女性骨量丢失与绝经时间密切相关。     

南京地区正常人骨定量超声测定及评价

目的 评价南京正常人跟骨超声随增龄骨量丢失及骨质疏松(OP)患病率和骨折发生率。方法 采用美国Iamar Achilles跟骨定量超声仪，对南京地区3018名20～89岁健康人(男1120人、女1898人)行跟骨定量超声参数测量。结果 男女跟骨峰值骨量出现在20～29岁，男性随增龄参数值缓慢下降，女性从50岁开始各参数值陡然迅速下降，持续约20年，此后下降稍缓慢。男女两性在各年龄组中STI丢失率最高，OP患病率男性32％；女性53％，骨折发生率男性7％；女性13％。结论 跟骨BUA、SOS、和STI值随年龄增长而逐年减少，其中男性变化趋势不如女性明显，女性OP患病率和骨折发生率均显著高于男性。     

上海市区居民3051例跟骨骨密度的测量

对上海市区居民３０５１人进行了跟骨骨密度测定。其中男１４４４人，女１６０７人，年龄１１～９５岁，按５岁为一年龄组将其分为１７组。结果：跟骨骨峰值出现在２０～２４岁组，女性骨峰值显著小于男性，中年开始出现跟骨骨量丢失，女性的骨丢失速度显著快于男性。女性骨累积丢失量也显著大于男性。女性的跟骨累积丢失量仅次于Ｗａｒｄ三角。跟骨骨密度除了随年龄变化外，也受身高、体重及体重指数的影响。６０岁以上老年女性骨质疏松症的患病率显著高于男性，男、女分别为１３．９％、５８．０％。结论：跟骨骨密度的测量能较好地反映人体骨矿含量的变化规律     

健康和骨质疏松女性胫骨定量超声及骨折阈值的价值

目的 用太原地区健康女性胫骨定量超声骨量（ＱＵＳ）的健康参考值,探讨诊断骨质疏松症的诊断标准及骨折阈值。方法 对太原地区的健康女性１７３６例（９￣８３岁）和骨质疏松女性１８７例（４２￣８０岁）;其中骨折患６７例,测定胫骨定量超声骨量值。结果 健康女性３０岁以前胫骨ＳＯＳ值年龄的增加而升高;３０￣４０岁达到峰值,４０岁以后胫骨ＳＯＳ值开始下降;绝经后胫骨ＳＯＳ值明显降低,与绝经时间呈负相关（ｒ＝０     

西部地区正常人群定量超声骨量分布的研究

为了早日建立我国西部地区健康人群定量超声骨量分布参考值，即西部地区健康人群定量超声骨量（ＱＵＳ）参考值，我们对太原地区８～７８岁之间的１８９２正常人进行定量超声骨量分析。结果表明，不同年龄与超声速度ＳＯＳ之间有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＳＯＳ峰值在３０～４０岁之间；４０岁以后年龄与ＳＯＳ呈负相关；且女性ＳＯＳ下降速度尤著。     

浙江地区人群11926例跟骨骨密度研究

目的 探讨浙江地区人群骨量的分布规律和骨质疏松的患病情况.方法 采用美国进口Dove3000骨密度测量仪对11926例浙江居民的跟骨骨量进行测定,按年龄分成14组,SPSS10.0统计软件对各组数据进行处理.结果 浙江地区人群骨量约在25～35岁达到峰值,50岁开始随年龄的增加而逐年减少;20岁后男性骨密度明显高于女性(P＜0.01),女性骨量的丢失速率明显快于男性;女性绝经1～3年骨量开始快速丢失,约10年后趋缓;骨质疏松的患病率与年龄的变化呈正相关(r=0.99),女性患病率明显高于男性(P＜0.01).结论 浙江地区人群骨量25～35岁达到峰值,50岁后随年龄的增加而逐年减少;女性骨量低于男性,50岁后骨量丢失的速率明显快于男性;女性骨量丢失与绝经时间密切相关.     

中国汉族与维吾尔族胫骨平台几何特点的对比及临床意义研究

[目的]通过对新疆维吾尔族胫骨平台几何参数的测定为提高少数民族全膝关节置换术的成功率及假体匹配性提供数据支持;同时对中国汉族与新疆维吾尔族胫骨平台几何特征的对比,掌握我国民族间的差异和共性,为假体多样性设计及选择提供理论依据.[方法]选取50例/100膝(男50膝,女50膝)汉族人正常膝关节,年龄18～74岁,平均43.2岁.选取100例/200膝(男100膝,女100膝)维吾尔族人正常膝关节,年龄18～65岁,平均31.4岁.按照性别进行分组,利用原始CT扫描图像资料重建膝关节,并在工作平台上对胫骨进行旋转、切割,测量胫骨平台相关线性参数.[结果]同一民族组内比较,男性胫骨平台各项线性指标均明显大于女性(P<0.01);外侧平台比内侧平台宽,但前后径小于内侧平台(P<0.05);维吾尔族受试组胫骨平台的内外侧宽及内外侧前后径分别要比同性别的汉族受试组更接近(P<0.05);在汉族和维吾尔族受试组中,胫骨平台宽与内外侧胫骨平台前后径存在着正相关关系(P<0.05);维吾尔族受试组男性、女性胫骨平台线性参数分别大于同性别的汉族受试组(P<0.05),但小于西方人群.[结论]维吾尔族人正常胫骨平台形态同汉族国人存在一定的区别;应用西方人设计的胫骨平台假体要考虑到维吾尔族人的特点和性别差异;设计国人膝关节假体以及进行全膝关节置换手术时应该注意到民族及性别的差异.     

长春市16019例汉族人群骨密度调查及骨质疏松发病率分析

目的 调查长春市16019例汉族人群骨密度,分析本地区峰值骨量及骨密度变化的人群规律.方法 采用美国Osteometer Medi Tech公司生产的DTX-200型骨密度仪,检测受试者非受力侧前臂桡尺骨远端三分之一处骨密度(BMD).将16019例检测结果按不同性别每5岁为一年龄组,应用SPSS 13.0软件统计分析骨密度均值、T评分及骨量丢失百分率.结果 长春市男、女性人群骨密度峰值分别为0.625±0.109、0.506±0.058,其峰值年龄为30～39岁年龄段,40岁以后开始缓慢下降,50～59岁年龄段男性骨质疏松发病率为7.7%,女性为6.97%;60～69岁年龄段男性骨质疏松发病率为18.13%,女性为35.97%;70～79岁年龄段男性骨质疏松发病率为36.41%,女性为59.55%,80岁以上男性骨质疏松发病率为57.53%,女性为75.56%.结论 不同年龄及同年龄组两性之间比较骨密度测定值差异显著(P<0.01).50岁以后各年龄段女性骨质疏松发病率明显高于男性(P<0.01).本研究报告的骨密度峰值高于日本、丹麦同类型骨密度仪检测结果;与北京地区骨密度检测结果相近.与西双版纳傣族、西藏、甘肃东乡族比较,差异显著(P<0.01).     

藏族人降钙素受体基因单核苷酸多态性和骨质疏松的关系

[目的]了解降钙素受体(Calcitonin receptor,CTR)基因单核苷酸多态性在藏族人中的分布规律及其与骨质疏松(Osteoporosis,OP)的相关性.[方法]利用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)法测定无亲缘关系的夏河县376名藏民的CTR基因型.并用UBIS 3000定量超声仪测定受试者超声振幅衰减(BUA)、超声声速(SOS)和刚度(STI)三项指标.[结果]受试者中TC型为25.8%、CC型为74.2%、未见TT型,男女间基因型差别无显著性意义(P＞0.1),TC基因型组的三项定量超声参数值高于CC基因型组,男性的BUA、SOS和STI均表现为极显著性差异(P＜0.001),女性的SOS和STI有显著性差异(P＜0.01),BUA有差异(P＜0.05).[结论]CTR的基因型具有种族差异性,藏族的CTR基因型分布频率不同于已见报道的其他种族,其CTR基因型与反映骨密度、骨强度和骨的结构特征的定量超声参数之间有一定关联,藏族的CTR基因型可能为影响骨质疏松发生的危险因素.     

Sex differences in absolute rates of bone resorption in young rats: Appendicular versus axial bones

This study compares absolute rates of bone resorption and formation at the organ level in adolescent Sprague-Dawley rats as a function of sex and type of bone. Bone r’esorption and formation were quantified in rapidly growing male and female rats (4-7 weeks of age) who were multiply prelabeled with [³H]tetracycline. Ten different whole bones were compared: four cranial or appendicular bones and six axial bones. Absolure rate of bone r’esorption was measured isotopically by the loss of³H-tetracycline from each whole bone. Bone growth was quantified in terms of relative and absolute increase in bone calcium mass. When the rates of bone resorption (loss of [³H]-tetracycline as percent of whole bone per 3 weeks) were compared between sexes, the six axial bones showed significantly higher rates(P < 0.05-0.001) in males (64-73) than in females (37-66). No significant sex differences were observed in rate for the two cranial and two appendicular bones. During 4–7 weeks of age, a comparison of bone masses showed that only one bone (calvaria) gained more mass in the male and two bones (mandible and hum’erus) gained more mass in the female. In contrast, five of six axial bones gained more mass in the female. Thus, 7 out of 10 bones were larger in the female. In growing male and female rats, an inverse relationship appears between rate of bone r’esorption and mass for most of the axial bones; this relationship was not apparent for cranial or appendicular bones. Sexual dimorphism was consistently seen by greater axial bone mass in females. However, greater rates of bone resorption were seen in male axial bones but not in cranial or appendicular bones. It is apparent that the different types of bones are heterogeneous in their rates of resorption and formation during this period of growth.     

新疆维吾尔族、汉族人群体重指数、身体脂肪组织、非脂肪组织、骨矿物质含量的差异性研究

目的 通过对维吾尔族、汉族不同民族人群BMI、Bone、Fat及Lean的测定比较,了解新疆维、汉两族人群 Bone、Fat、Lean的分布特征,BMI的流行趋势以及有无明显的种族差异.探讨BMI与Bone、Fat及Lean之间的变化规律.方法 利用双能X线骨密度仪(DMS LEXXOS外星人)全身身体成分分析软件,对新疆维吾尔族、汉族人群的BMI以及3个测量指数(Bone、Lean、Fat)进行分析和多元回归分析.结果 无论男女或任何年龄段维吾尔族超重者均多于汉族人群;这与此前多篇相关报道一致[1-3].在同等BMI条件下,汉族男、女性Bone、Lean的百分比均大于维族男、女性.而维族男、女性Fat的百分比均大于汉族男、女性.维、汉人群的身体构建差异不大;从遗传理论的角度来说应该有一定的影响,但是经过近几十年各族人民在文化、饮食等方面的交流,后天因素有了很大的发展空间.结论 新疆维、汉族人群的膳食结构不平衡和身体活动不足是导致超重和肥胖率上升的最主要的原因,也是影响新疆汉族人群与维吾尔族人群身体健康的主要因素.     

Rodent Model for Investigating the Effects of Estrogen on Bone and Muscle Relationship During Growth

It has been reported that in humans from about 11-12 years of age, bone mass begins to increase faster in girls than in boys with the same muscle mass, and by 14-15 years of age, bone mass per unit mass of muscle was found to be significantly higher in girls than in boys. Because around 15 years is the beginning of reproductive age in women, it was suggested that estrogen was involved in the higher bone mass in women during puberty. The present study was undertaken to determine if bone mass per unit muscle mass is higher in female than in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats during growth, as has been reported in humans during growth and consequently, whether these SD rats are suitable for studying the musculoskeletal effects of estrogen, as may occur in humans during growth. L-4 vertebra of female and male SD rats aged 1-6 months were studied using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Muscle cross-sectional area was measured as a surrogate for muscle mass and bone mineral content (BMC) was measured as a surrogate for bone mass. From 1 to 6 months of age, total BMC, cortical BMC, and cancellous BMC increased faster in females than in males with similar muscle area, and at 3 and 6 months of age, the above vertebral indices of bone mass were significantly higher in female than in male rats. Since one of the main differences between female and male rats is the level of serum estrogen, the higher bone mass per unit muscle area seen at the L-4 vertebra in these female SD rats is similar to what has been reported in humans during puberty when serum estrogen level is high in females. The findings from this study indicate that female and male SD rats aged 1-6 months can be used as appropriate model for studying the effects of serum estrogen on the skeletal response of voluntary muscle forces, as has been reported in humans during growth.     

Changes in cortical bone mineralization in the developing mandible: a three-dimensional quantitative computed tomography study.

Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) was completed in 34 subjects between the ages of 9 and 33 years with symmetrical mandibles in order to investigate the three-dimensional cortical bone mineral density (BMD) distribution in the mandible. The number and distribution of the pixels were determined at three levels: (1) representing the entire mandibular bone; (2) the cortical bone at 60% above the baseline defined as the segmentation level (around 1050 mg/cm3) and representative of only cortical bone; and (3) the highest mineralized cortical bone (>1250 mg/cm3). The geometrical distribution of the highest mineralized areas was evaluated by three-dimensional reconstruction of the images. The total number of pixels for the entire mandible increased significantly at each time point represented at four increasing ages groups (9-11 years of age, 12-14 years of age, 15-17 years of age, and >18 years of age). The male and female subjects had a similar total number of pixels for the entire mandible before the age of 11, but the male subjects showed a significantly larger total number of mandibular pixels after that age. Comparison of the number of pixels for pure cortical bone (60% segmentation level) and the highest mineralized cortical bone indicated a significant increase with maturation with the greatest change occurring between the 13-year and 16-year age groups. However, the ratio of cortical bone/total bone increased at a more rapid rate in the male subjects and reached a plateau by the 16-year age group, showing distinct differences in mineralization of the mandible between the sexes.     

广西南宁地区汉壮族人群骨密度及骨质疏松患病率研究

目的 评估广西南宁地区汉壮族健康人群骨量和骨质疏松(OP)的发病情况。方法 l084名健康人群采用双能x线骨密度仪检测腰椎正位、髋部、前臂的骨密度(BMD)值。按民族、年龄、性别进行分组，以10岁作为1个年龄段。结果 骨峰值年龄分布：男女汉壮族各部位骨峰值年龄在30-39岁，60岁后OP患病率(WHO)汉族男性23．36％，壮族男性25．00％，汉族女性31．69％，壮族女性44．44％，汉壮族男女各年龄段和总体OP患病率差异无显性。结论 广西南宁地区汉壮族男女健康人群峰值骨密度水平及骨质疏松检出率差异无显性。     

Skeletal status in males aged 7–80 years assessed by quantitative ultrasound at the hand phalanges

Skeletal status in males has been assessed by quantitative ultrasound in only a few studies. There is the lack of data concerning age accretion, peak values, and age-decrease of bone parameters in a wide age range. The aim of this study was evaluation of a large, male, normal population (n=1,175) aged 7-80 years, by the use of quantitative ultrasound (QUS), to estimate peak value of phalangeal ultrasound parameter, age-related changes during growing and aging, the influence of body size, and determination of male normative data. In the study, amplitude-dependent speed of sound (Ad-SoS) at the hand phalanges was measured using DBM Sonic 1200 (IGEA, Italy). The precision assessed by root-mean-square coefficient of variation (RMS-CV) was 0.7%. Ad-SoS ranged from 1,916 m/s in the youngest subgroup (7 years of age) to 1,910 m/s in the oldest (75-80 years of age), and the peak value (2,135 m/s) was achieved in 28-year-old males. Ad-SoS did not increase significantly to the age of 13. Ad-SoS increased significantly between subgroups aged 13 and 14 years ( p<0.0001), and at 15 and 16 years of age ( p<0.000001). A significant decrease was noted between the following age subgroups: 35-39 years vs 40-44 years ( p<0.05), 45-49 years vs 50-54 years ( p<0.000001), and 60-64 years vs 65-69 years ( p<0.001). A difference in Ad-SoS values between the youngest subgroup and peak value was 219 m/s, and an increase per year was about 10.4 m/s. From the peak value to the value in the oldest group Ad-SoS dropped by 225 m/s, and the decrease per year was about 4.6 m/s. Multiple stepwise regression analyses of Ad-SoS with age, weight,and height were performed separately for age ranges: 7-13 years (before an increase in Ad-SoS, n=299), 14-28 years (from the onset of the fast increase in Ad-SoS to the peak value, n=370) and for subjects older than 28 years (after an achievement of peak value of Ad-SoS, n=506). The following equations of the multiple stepwise regression were obtained, respectively: Ad-SoS (m/s)=1,624-1.0 x age (years) -2.94 x weight (kg) + 3.06 x height (cm), r=0.48, p<0.000001, SEE=32.0; Ad-SoS (m/s)=1,533+6.87 x age (years) + 2.41 x height (cm) 0.07 x weight (kg), r=0.56, p<0.000001, SEE=54.3; Ad-SoS (m/s)=1,895-3.87 x age (years) - 1.43 x weight (kg) + 2.53 x height (cm), r=0.73, p<0.00001, SEE=54.3. In conclusion, the study results allowed us to determine normative data, to assess a peak Ad-SoS value, its age-related changes and the influence of body size in the male population.     

北京密云地区正常人群指骨骨密度变化规律的研究

目的评价放射吸收法测定指骨骨密度(BMD)的变化规律及在京郊边远山区进行普查应用的可行性。方法从受检的1146例患者中,选取20～79岁无其他任何因素影响的健康人群554例。男性271例,女性283例,按每10岁一个年龄组进行BMD测定。结果男性非优势手指中节指骨(MP2～4)骨密度峰值在20～39岁组,40岁以后随年龄增长逐渐下降,至79岁无明显加速变化现象。女性非优势手指中节指骨(MP2～4)骨密度峰值在20～39岁组,50岁以后明显下降。结论采用放射吸收法测定指骨骨密度(BMD)所获得的测量结果,符合骨质疏松流行病学发病基本规律。且辐射剂量低,误差小,价格低,医院可利用现有X线设备,无须大的投入,即能帮助临床医师准确诊断骨质疏松、确定治疗方案,避免患者的骨密度进一步丢失,减少骨折发生几率,这是适合边远山区应用的一种骨密度测量方法。