肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-8与肝纤维化的关系

目的　研究肿瘤坏死因子- α(TNF- α)、白细胞介素6(IL- 6),白细胞介素8(IL -8)与肝纤维化的关系。方法　采用放射免疫分析法测定1999-01~2000-12沈阳市传染病院203例慢性肝病患者血清TNF- a、IL -8、IL- 6水平,并用电子胃镜检查了其中64例患者的食管静脉情况。结果　慢性肝病患者血清TNF- a、IL- 6、IL -8、透明质酸(HA)、层连蛋白(LN)、IV胶原C(IV- C)水平较正常对照组均明显升高(P<0. 05)。TNF -α、IL- 6、IL -8与HA、LN、IV -C水平间均呈显著正相关(P<0 .01),与血清总胆红素(TBiL)、凝血酶原活动度(PTA)及白、球蛋白比值(A/G)均密切相关(P<0. 01 )。食管静脉曲张患者血清TNF- α、IL- 6、IL -8水平较无食管静脉曲张患者升高,但现两组间差异无显著性(P>0 .05)。结论　提示TNF- α、IL -6、IL- 8与肝纤维化密切相关,并可能反映肝脏损害程度。     

类风湿关节炎患者白细胞介素-6与皮质醇节律的研究

目的：研究类风湿关节炎（RA）患者血清白细胞介素（IL）－6、皮质醇节律及其临床意义。方法：36例RA患者分别为8：00，12：00，16：00，20：00，0：00，4：00用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测其血清IL－6水平，用放射免疫法（RIA）测定皮质醇。结果：36例RA患者皮质醇分泌有明显节律，但与正常对照组相比，其峰值提前，出现于凌晨4点，血清IL－6水平高于对照组（P＜0．01），也存在昼夜节律，IL－6峰值出现在皮质醇峰值之前，经治疗病情稳定后，RA患者血清IL－6水平恢复或接近正常，IL－6与皮质醇节律紊乱得以纠正，相关性分析显示，RA患者血清IL－6水平与血沉（ESR）（P＜0．01，r=0.66)，C反应蛋白（CRP）（P＜0．01，r＝0.71)皮质醇（P＜0．05，r=0.58)呈正相关，结论：RA患者血清IL－6增高，IL－6与皮质醇存在昼夜节律紊乱，这些变化在RA的发病机制中可能具有重要意义。     

肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-1 β、-6水平与充血性心力衰竭关系的临床研究

目的探讨肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)、白细胞介素1β(IL1β)、白细胞介素6(IL6)与充血性心力衰竭(CHF)的关系。方法采用放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定三组入选者血清TNFα、IL1β、IL6的含量,CHF心功能Ⅰ、Ⅱ级组(30例),CHF心功能Ⅲ、Ⅳ级组(30例),对照组(28例)。结果心功能Ⅲ、Ⅳ级组患者血清TNFα、IL1β、IL6含量显著高于对照组(P<0.01)和心功能Ⅰ、Ⅱ级组(P<0.05),心功能Ⅰ、Ⅱ级组显著高于对照组(P<0.01);TNFα与IL1β、IL6呈显著正相关(r1=0.763,r2=0.684均P<0.01)。结论TNFα、IL1β、IL6水平与CHF发生发展密切有关。     

肾小球系膜细胞白细胞介素-6基因表达与白细胞介素-13的关系

目的探讨白细胞介素-13(IL-13)对于体外培养大鼠系膜细胞白细胞介素-6(IL-6)分泌及其基因表达的影响,以研究IL-13对肾小球疾病状态下肾脏系膜细胞炎症反应的抑制作用。方法用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定系膜细胞IL-6分泌量,用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测系膜细胞IL-6mRNA表达。结果正常培养条件下系膜细胞IL-6mRNA表达及IL-6分泌水平较低,脂多糖(LPS)可刺激系膜细胞IL-6mRNA的表达及IL-6分泌水平,而IL-13则呈剂量依赖性地抑制LPS诱导的系膜细胞IL-6分泌及其mRNA表达。结论IL-13抑制LPS诱导的体外培养的系膜细胞IL-6产生,故可能对于肾小球疾病状态下肾脏的系膜细胞炎症反应具有抑制作用。     

罗格列酮对兔早期动脉粥样硬化白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-8表达的影响

目的:比较罗格列酮和辛伐他汀对兔早期动脉粥样硬化白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-8表达的影响,探讨罗格列酮抗动脉粥样硬化的作用机制. 方法:将36只雄性新西兰兔随机分为对照组、模型组、辛伐他汀组和罗格列酮组.采用皮下注射同型半胱氨酸硫内酯(HTL)及高脂饲养结合的方法建立兔动脉粥样硬化模型,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清中IL-6和IL-8的水平,免疫组化检测兔主动脉粥样硬化组织中IL-6和IL-8的表达. 结果:与对照组相比,其他3组血清及病变组织中IL-6、IL8表达均显著升高;与模型组比较,辛伐他汀和罗格列酮组IL-6、IL-8表达显著降低;罗格列酮组IL-6、IL-8表达较辛伐他汀组更低(P均＜0.05). 结论:罗格列酮能通过抑制兔主动脉粥样硬化组织及血循环中IL-6、IL-8等炎症因子的表达,发挥其抗炎作用,拮抗动脉粥样硬化的发生及发展.     

老年冠心病患者血清白细胞介素-6和白细胞介素-8水平变化及其临床意义

为探讨白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和白细胞介素-8(IL-8)与冠心病(CHD)的相互关系及临床意义,采用双抗体夹心法(ELISA)检测了55例老年CHD患者血清IL-6、IL-8的水平变化并与25例健康老年人对照,结果显示CHD患者血清IL-6和IL-8水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05),且IL-6和IL-8之间呈正相关(γ=0.423,P<0.001),提示IL-6和IL-8的水平变化与CHD密切相关,IL-6和IL-8可能参与了CHD的发病及病理变化过程.监测其水平变化,对CHD的诊治具有一定的临床价值.     

急性心肌梗死患者缺血-再灌注过程中血清白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-8的动态变化及意义

本研究采用放射免疫分析方法对 30例急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者血清中白细胞介素 6 (IL 6 )、白细胞介素 8(IL 8)进行了测定 ,并对其动态变化意义进行了探讨。1 材料与方法 :1999年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 3月收入我科符合静脉溶栓指征[1] 的AMI患者 30例 ,于发病后 6h内 ,平均 (3 11± 1 2 9)h ,给予尿激酶 (天普洛欣 ) 10 0万U加速静脉溶栓。根据闭塞血管再通标准将患者分为溶栓再通组和溶栓未再通组 ;对照组为 2 0名健康体检者。血清IL 6、IL 8测定均采用放射免疫分析法 ,放免试剂盒由军事医学科学院东亚免疫技术研究所提供。检测结果统计…     

白细胞介素-1α、4、6基因多态性与Graves病的关系

本研究分析了中国山东地区汉族人群Grayes病患者与健康对照者白细胞介素-1α、4、6基因多态性。结果表明Graves病患者白细胞介素4(-590)c／t基因型和t等位基因频率均低于健康对照组。     

白细胞介素-6与冠心病关系的探讨

目的:探讨白细胞介素-6(IL-6)与冠心病(CHD)的关系。方法:采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附反应法测定血浆IL-6浓度,检验急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)组、稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组和对照组中IL-6血浆浓度的差异。结果:ACS组和SAP组IL-6血浆浓度均高于对照组(P<0.01);ACS组IL-6血浆浓度高于SAP组(P<0.01)。结论:CHD患者IL-6血浆浓度升高可促进动脉粥样斑块的不稳定,导致ACS的发生,参与CHD的发生发展过程。     

下呼吸道感染患者血清与肺泡灌洗液白细胞介素-8、白细胞介素-6的动态监测

目的　探讨血清和肺泡灌洗液 (BALF)中白细胞介素 - 8(IL - 8)、白细胞介素 - 6 (IL - 6 )与下呼吸道感染的相关性 ,IL - 8和IL - 6在炎症反应中的作用。方法　采用ELISA法分别测定 36例下呼吸道感染患者 (感染组 )治疗前后、2 8例哮喘发作期患者 (哮喘组 )及 12例正常人 (对照组 )的血清和BALF的IL - 8、IL - 6水平 ,计算BALF的中性粒细胞 (PMN)和肺泡巨噬细胞 (AMs)数量。结果　感染组治疗前血清IL - 8和IL - 6水平比治疗后、哮喘组及对照组显著增高 (P <0 0 1)。哮喘组血清IL - 8和IL - 6水平比感染组治疗后明显增高 (P <0 .0 1)。BALF的细胞总数、PMN、IL - 8及IL - 6水平感染组治疗前显著比治疗后、哮喘组及对照组高 (P <0 0 1) ,哮喘组高于感染组治疗后及对照组 (P <0 0 1)。革兰阴性细菌感染患者BALF的IL - 8及IL - 6水平比革兰阳性细菌感染患者显著增高 (P <0 0 1)。感染组BALF的IL - 8水平分别与PMN和AMs呈显著正相关 (r =0 90 5 6 ,r =0 6 2 6 9,P <0 0 1)。感染组BALF的IL - 6水平与AMs呈显著正相关 (r =0 70 5 2 ,P <0 0 1)。结论　IL - 8和IL- 6参与下呼吸道感染的炎症反应 ,血清和BALF中IL - 8和IL - 6的动态变化对评价下呼吸道感染的病情和转归有一定的临床意义。     

Relationship between beta-cell mass and diabetes onset

Regulation of blood glucose concentrations requires an adequate number of beta-cells that respond appropriately to blood glucose levels. beta-Cell mass cannot yet be measured in humans in vivo, necessitating autopsy studies, although both pre- and postmorbid changes may confound this approach. Autopsy studies report deficits in beta-cell mass ranging from 0 to 65% in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and approximately 70-100% in type 1 diabetes (T1DM), and, when evaluated, increased beta-cell apoptosis in both T1DM and T2DM. A deficit of beta-cell mass of approximately 50% in animal studies leads to impaired insulin secretion (when evaluated directly in the portal vein) and induction of insulin resistance. We postulate three phases for diabetes progression. Phase 1: selective beta-cell cytotoxicity (autoimmune in T1DM, unknown in T2DM) leading to impaired beta-cell function and gradual loss of beta-cell mass through apoptosis. Phase 2: decompensation of glucose control when the pattern of portal vein insulin secretion is sufficiently impaired to cause hepatic insulin resistance. Phase 3: adverse consequences of glucose toxicity accelerate beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. The relative contribution of beta-cell loss versus beta-cell dysfunction to diabetes onset remains an area of controversy. However, because cytotoxicity sufficient to induce beta-cell apoptosis predictably disturbs beta-cell function, it is naive to attempt to distinguish the relative contributions of these linked processes to diabetes onset.     

Expression of myometrial activation and stimulation genes in a mouse model of preterm labor: myometrial activation, stimulation, and preterm labor

Myometrial contractions of labor result from an increase in myometrial activation and stimulation. Activation develops through the expression of contraction associated proteins (CAPs), including oxytocin receptors (OTR), connexin-43 (Cx-43), and prostaglandin F2 alpha, receptors (FP). Stimulation involves increases in contractile agonists including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2 alpha. (PGF2 alpha) that may result from increases in prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase (PGHS)-2. A mouse model of preterm birth was used to study gene expression involved in myometrial activation and stimulation. To induce preterm birth, pregnant C57BL/6J mice were intubated with 6 g/kg ethanol on gestational day 16 and were killed every 6 h from treatment until birth. RIA was used to measure uterine PGE2 and PGF2 alpha, while PGHS-2, OTR, Cx-43, and FP messenger RNA levels were measured by ribonuclease protection assay. Increases in CAP mRNA were associated with term and preterm birth. There were differences in stimulation effectors associated with preterm and term birth. Uterine PGF2 alpha values were increased only at the time of term birth, but PGE2 was elevated during both preterm and term labor. These data suggest that existing levels of PGF2 alpha are sufficient for preterm birth when CAP expression is increased, but term labor requires increases in PGE2, PGF2alpha, and CAPs. The PGHS-2 messenger RNA expression pattern suggests that it is a CAP.     

Relationship between onset of peptic ulcer and meteorological factors

AIM: To discuss the relationship between onset of peptic ulcer (PU) and meteorological factors (MFs). METHODS: A total of 24 252 patients were found with active PU in 104 121 samples of gastroscoic examination from 17 hospitals in Nanning from 1992 to 1997. The detectable rate of PU (DRPU) was calculated every month, every ten days and every five days. An analysis of DRPU and MFs was made in the same period of the year. A forecast model based on MFs of the previous month was established. The real and forecast values were tested and verified. RESULTS: During the 6 years, the DRPU from November to April was 24.4 -28.8%. The peak value (28.8%) was in January. The DRPU from May to October was 20.0-22.6%, with its low peak (20.0%) in June. The DRPU decreased from winter and spring to summer and autumn (P<0.005). The correlated coefficient between DRPU and average temperature value was -0.8704,-0.6624,-0.5384 for one month, ten days , five days respectively (P<0.01). The correlated coefficient between DRPU and average highest temperature value was -0.8000, -0.6470,-0.5167 respectively (P<0.01). The correlated coefficient between DRPU and average lowest temperature value was -0.8091, -0.6617, -0.5384 respectively (P <0.01). The correlated coefficient between DRPU and average dew point temperature was -0.7812, -0.6246, -0.4936 respectively (P <0.01). The correlated coefficient between DRPU and average air pressure value was 0.7320, 0.5777, 0.4579 respectively (P <0.01). The average temperature, average highest and lowest temperature, average air pressure and average dew point temperature value of the previous month, ten days and five days could forecast the onset of PU, with its real and forecast values corresponding to 71.8%, 67.9% and 66.6% respectively. CONCLUSION: DRPU is closely related with the average temperature, average highest and lowest temperature, average air pressure and average dew point temperature of each month, every ten days and every five days for the same period. When MFs are changed, the human body produces a series of stress actions. A long-term and median-term based medical meteorological forecast of the onset of PU can be made more accurately according to this.     

早产的临床研究概况

早产是妊娠期常见的并发症,其发生率高,也是围生儿死亡的主要原因。因此,提高早产的防治水平对降低围生儿的病死率有着重要的意义。该文对早产的临床研究进展,重点是防治进展作一简要的回顾。     

High fetal urocortin levels at term and preterm labor

CONTEXT: Placental urocortin has a role in the cascade of events leading to parturition by stimulating myometrial contractility and placental uterotonins secretion. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate urocortin levels in maternal and fetal [umbilical cord artery (UCA) and vein (UCV)] plasma at term and preterm labor. DESIGN: The study design was a controlled cross-sectional study performed from November 2003 to June 2004. SETTING: This study was performed at the Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Siena (Siena, Italy). PATIENTS: Plasma samples were collected at term in the absence of labor (TNL; n = 27; 39.3 +/- 0.1 gestational weeks), at term spontaneous vaginal delivery (TL; n = 24; 40.1 +/- 0.2 gestational weeks), and at preterm labor (PTL; n = 19; 32.4 +/- 0.4 gestational weeks). Changes in urocortin mRNA expression were also evaluated in placentas collected from TNL (n = 11), TL (n = 11), and PTL (n = 10). INTERVENTION: Urocortin levels were measured by specific RIA. Changes in placental mRNA expression were determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis. RESULTS: Maternal and UCA plasma urocortin levels were significantly (P < 0.0001 for all) higher in TL and PTL than in TNL. Furthermore, UCA concentrations were significantly (P < 0.0001 for all) higher than and correlated with maternal concentrations (TNL: r = 0.45; P < 0.05; TL: r = 0.959; P < 0.0001; PTL: r = 0.7719; P < 0.0001). UCV levels were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in TL and PTL than in TNL and were significantly (P < 0.0001 for all) higher than and significantly (P < 0.0001 for all) correlated with maternal values, but were significantly (P < 0.0001 for all) lower than and correlated with UCA values (TNL: r = 0.9548; P < 0.0001; TL: r = 0.927; P < 0.0001; PTL: r = 0.838; P < 0.0001). Placental urocortin mRNA expression did not differ among TNL, TL, and PTL samples. CONCLUSIONS: Fetal urocortin secretion is increased in term and preterm labor. Whether these changes are a consequence rather than a cause of human parturition remains to be addressed.     

Melatonin prevents experimental preterm labor and increases offspring survival

Preterm delivery is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and contributes to delayed physical and cognitive development in children. At present, there is no efficient therapy to prevent preterm labor. A large body of evidence suggests that intra‐amniotic infections may be a significant and potentially preventable cause of preterm birth. This work assessed the effect of melatonin in a murine model of inflammation‐associated preterm delivery which mimics central features of preterm infection in humans. For this purpose, preterm labor was induced in BALB/c mice by intraperitoneal injections of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 10.00 hr (10 μg LPS) and 13.00 hr (20 μg LPS) on day 15 of pregnancy. On day 14 of pregnancy, a pellet of melatonin (25 mg) had been subcutaneously implanted into a group of animals. In the absence of melatonin, a 100% incidence of preterm birth was observed in LPS‐treated animals, and the fetuses showed widespread damage. By comparison, treatment with melatonin prevented preterm birth in 50% of the cases, and all pups from melatonin‐treated females were born alive and their body weight did not differ from control animals. Melatonin significantly prevented the LPS‐induced rises in uterine prostaglandin (PG) E₂, PGF_2α, and cyclooxygenase‐2 protein levels. In addition, melatonin prevented the LPS‐induced increase in uterine nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible NO synthase protein, and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNFα) levels. Collectively, our results suggest that melatonin could be a new therapeutic tool to prevent preterm labor and to increase offspring survival.     

Steroids' action on dependence of outset, maintenance of gravidity and onset of labor

Dependence of outset, maintenance of gravidity and onset of labor on different kinds of steroid hormones has long been the focus of debate with the underlying control mechanism of these hormones in question remaining left unestablished still in these days. Of author's particular concern in this paper was the two-sided aspect of steroid functions. In fact, the steroid may stimulate mother's organ, fetus and placenta to produce much amount of steroid hormone throughout gravidic interval, while at the same time it may control the two contradictory processes, namely the maintenance of gravity and onset of labor through one and the same route. With a view to solve the complexity referred to above an effort has been made through a series of experiments particularity in the term of: 1. Dependent of a system capable to simultaneously determine concentrations of a variety of steroid hormones using the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); 2. Profile-analysis to be made on behavior of different kinds of steroids observable over gravidic interval under a support of HPLC system; 3. Behavior of different kinds of hemogenic hormones subsequent to an active DHAS loading in both group with- and without labor pains; 4. Influence of DHAS and gestation on activity of 11 beta hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase in placenta; Some of the results brought by these experiments, which are of some value to speculate on the mechanism of labor-onset and growth of fetus, may be summarized below in line with the preceding items: 1. The measuring system incorporating HPLC made it possible to determine 8 kinds of steroid hormones under systems of C19 and C21 readily in approx. 45 min., even when pretreatment is made involved in the procedure. It was also demonstrably verified that the system shows an acceptable sensitivity combined with a higher correlation with the RIA-method. 2. Profile was successfully delineated of those steroids which would participate in controlling the labor pains inducing mechanism through a series of analytical works made on the behavior of steroid associated with the process of gravidism. With the approach of expected labor, it was seen that 5 kinds of steroid hormones comprising DHA, testosterone, pregnenolone, 20 alpha OH-progesterone, and cortisol showed a marked increase. In contrast, androstenedione and progesterone begin to fall abruptly ever since several days preceding the date of labor. 3. Gain of DHA, 17 alpha OH-progesterone, due to DHAS-loading was clearly identified in the group with onset of labor pains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)