北虫草抗氧化作用的实验研究

 本文以小鼠肝匀浆脂廣过氧化(LPO)水平为观察对象，发现組织培养北虫革（Coniyceps militaWs)有明显的抗脂质过氧化作用。同时观察了心、肾、脑組织匀浆的脂质过氧化水平，结果表明，不同組织 中产生的LPO水平不同,而同一浓度的北虫草在上述匀浆中所表现的抑制率有显著差异，以心肌中抑制 率最高。用邻苯三酚自氧化产生超氧化阴离子(O₂)，该体糸可被0. 33g/L北虫草所抑制。说明北虫草有拮抗氧自由基的作用。本文还研究了异丙肾上腺素(ISO)对乳鼠心肌细胞的损伤作用，0. 17g/L ISO引起心肌细胞培养液中乳酸脱氬酶(LDH)增加；1.7g/L北虫草有明显的保护作用。     

虫草菌粉对急性百草枯中毒大鼠肺损伤的治疗及相关机制

目的:观察虫草菌粉对急性百草枯中毒大鼠肺损伤的治疗作用及相关机制。方法:选用健康成年SD大鼠112只(雌雄各半),随机分为A、B、C、D组。A组(健康对照组)7只,B组(单纯染毒组)35只,C组(虫草菌粉治疗组)35只,D组(虫草菌粉对照组)35只。B、C组给予一次PQ 20mg/Kg腹腔注射,A、D组给予一次等量生理盐水腹腔注射。C、D组每日给予虫草菌粉5g/kg灌胃。观察4组大鼠状况、病理学变化与相关指标水平变化。结果:A、C、D组大鼠各时间点精神状态、活动度均表现良好,呼吸平稳;C组与A、D组比较。大鼠状况与病理学变化明显,各指标水平差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);经虫草菌粉灌胃,C组与B组比较症状明显改善;且C组大鼠肺组织损伤程度、血清中MDA、SOD、GSH-Px水平,C组肺湿/干重比值(W/D)、肺损伤肺组织中α1-AT水平均显著优于B组(P0.05)。结论:虫草菌粉对PQ中毒引起的急性肺损伤有较好的治疗作用,可清除氧自由基,提高机体抗氧化损伤、抑制脂质过氧化,可促进α1-AT表达,减轻PQ中毒引起的肺组织损伤。     

人工虫草对庆大霉素致大鼠急性肾毒性损伤的影响

人工虫草对庆大霉素致大鼠急性肾毒性损伤的影响郑丰,黎磊石,储小曼(金陵医院全军肾脏病中心南京210002)作者等以往的动物实验和临床研究均已证明,天然虫草对氨基糖甙类抗菌素肾毒性损伤具有良好的防治作用[1]。但由于天然虫草药源匮乏,价格昂贵,很难在临床上推广应用,有报道人工发酵的虫草真菌与目前已知的天然虫草成分十分相近[2],本实验旨在观察人工虫草对庆大霉素致急性肾损伤的防护作用以及对庆大霉素药物浓度的影响。1材?...     

土家药千足虫草抗胃溃疡作用的实验研究

目的：探究土家药千足虫草多糖提取物对无水乙醇致小鼠胃黏膜急性损伤的保护作用。方法：将检疫合格的小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、阳性对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组,以无水乙醇制作小鼠急性胃溃疡损伤模型,测量黏膜出血条带的长度、宽度,计算出血点数目。结果：千足虫草多糖提取物中剂量（350 mg/kg）能较为有效地预防无水乙醇引起的小鼠急性胃黏膜出血损伤。结论：千足虫草多糖提取物中剂量（350 mg/kg）对小鼠胃黏膜损伤具有一定保护作用。     

北虫草的化学成分及药理作用

北虫草是一种药食两用真菌,在保健食品和药品行业日益成为热点。近10年研究表明,北虫草主要含有虫草素、腺苷、乙酰基虫草素等多种核苷、虫草多糖、氨基酸和无机元素的化学成分;药理研究显示北虫草中核苷和多糖类成分在抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗老化、免疫调节等方面有较为明显的作用。但有效成分的分离纯化制约着产业化的发展,北虫草有效成分药理作用机制研究也有待补足。     

红景天、蛹虫草、大黄配伍治疗代谢综合征的实验研究Ⅲ——控制血糖作用

红景天、蛹虫草、大黄配伍组成FF16.该研究在前期FF16抗胰岛素抵抗和治疗肥胖症的基础上,进一步探讨FF16的调节糖代谢紊乱作用及其初步作用机制.结果显示,FF16可显著控制2型糖尿病KKAy小鼠的餐后血糖和空腹血糖水平;改善IRF小鼠和KKAy小鼠的葡萄糖耐量,使其葡萄糖负荷后的血糖峰值和AUC明显降低.病理检测结果显示,FF16可明显逆转IRF小鼠和KKAy小鼠的胰岛数目、胰岛内脂质沉积、及胰腺外分泌腺脂质沉积等胰腺病理改变.对于软脂酸诱导的RINm5f胰岛细胞损伤,激光共聚焦显微镜下的形态学观察、流式细胞仪检测的细胞凋亡试验、以及高浓度葡萄糖诱导的胰岛素分泌实验均表明,FF16具有明显保护胰岛细胞作用.推测红景天、蛹虫草、大黄配伍组成的FF16主要通过保护胰岛细胞改善机体的糖代谢紊乱,从而发挥防治糖尿病的作用.     

冬虫夏草防治氨基糖甙肾毒性损伤的实验研究

为阐明冬虫夏草（简称虫草）对氨基糖甙肾毒性损伤的防治作用，我们进行了一系列的实验研究，结果表明：在庆大霉素急性肾损伤模型中，接受虫草治疗的大鼠尿ＮＡＧ酶、血肌酐水平低于对照组，肾小球滤过和保钠功能优于对照组。离体肾灌注（ＩＰＫ）研究证明，虫草可提高ＩＰＫ代谢率，增加肾小球滤过，保护肾小管正常运转。此外虫草还可减轻体外培养的肾小管细胞对庆大霉素损伤的易感性。虫草作用的机理可能包括：（１）拮抗氨基糖甙     

艾灸对急性脑缺血再灌流大鼠SOD、LPO的影响

众多研究表明，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）广泛存在于生物体内，是能够特异性清除超氧自由基的抗氧化酶，也是机体内唯一能直接淬灭自由基的酶，可保护细胞免受超氧自由基的损伤。SOD可能与机体的衰老、肿瘤、炎症、自身免疫性疾病、血液病、心脑血管病有关。过氧化脂质（LPO）可以反映体内脂质过氧化程度，间接反映体内氧自由基水平，而自由基损伤对缺血性脑血管病的发生发展有着重要作用。为了探讨自由基损伤在脑缺血性疾病机理中的意义，我们对急性脑缺血再灌流损伤大鼠SOD、LPO变化进行了测定，并观察艾灸对其影响。现将结果报道如下…     

北虫草抗肿瘤活性成分及抗肿瘤作用研究

随着冬虫夏草资源的减少,市场需求的增大,不少学者正致力于多种虫草的人工培养研究.经现代药理毒理实验证明,人工北虫草不仅无毒,而且药效和天然冬虫夏草基本一致,具有明显的抗惊厥、抗疲劳、抗肿瘤、抑制癌细胞等作用.本文概述了北虫草抗肿瘤活性成分、抗肿瘤作用,为北虫草的进一步研究与开发提供了依据.     

北虫草素对体外小鼠肝癌H22细胞增殖及肝癌鼠血清中IL-2/TNF-α水平的影响

目的探讨北虫草素对体外培养的小鼠肝癌H22细胞的增殖和H22荷瘤肝癌小鼠血清中IL-2和TNF-α水平的影响。方法分别用5,10,20,40,80 mg/L的北虫草素处理H22细胞48 h后,应用MTT法检测细胞的增殖抑制率;采用细胞接种的方法建立H22肝癌小鼠动物模型,随机分成5组,每组8只,双抗体夹心法(ELISA)检测小鼠血清IL-2和TNF-α数值。结果北虫草素呈剂量依赖性抑制H22细胞增殖(F=105.333,P0.001);环磷酰胺组、北虫草素中高剂量组小鼠瘤重显著低于对照组(P0.01),抑瘤率分别为55.60%,32.94%,43.94%。与对照组比较,北虫草素中高剂量组IL-2及TNF-α在血清中的表达均显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01)。结论北虫草素能明显抑制荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长,增强机体的免疫功能。     

三种虫草抗氧化活性的化学发光法研究

为研究冬虫夏草、蛹虫草、蒙山虫草3种虫草的抗氧化活性，考察实验条件对结果的影响，采用化学发光法测定3种虫草清除超氧阴离子自由基的活性。结果显示，3种虫草的水提液中蛹虫草样品的抗氧化活性较高，蒙山虫草和冬虫夏草的抗氧化活性比较接近。提示：蛹虫草和蒙山虫草有着良好的应用前景，有望替代冬虫夏草应用于临床。     

工业化培育北虫草生物活性成分含量变化的研究

目的:明确工业化培育北虫草的主要生物活性成分在不同生长时期含量变化的规律.方法:采用HPLC和苯酚硫酸法,分别对不同生长时期的工业化培育的北虫草的虫草素、腺苷和虫草多糖含量的变化进行了跟踪.结果:培养周期内虫草素含量随生长期增长而不断增高,而腺苷和虫草多糖含量均在第40d达到最高值.结论:本研究结果对工业化生产,合理有...     

Effects of Cordyceps sinensis, Cordyceps militaris and their isolated compounds on ion transport in Calu-3 human airway epithelial cells

AIM OF THE STUDY: The traditional Chinese medicine Cordyceps sinensis (CS) (Clavicipitaceae) improves pulmonary function and is used to treat respiratory disease. Here, we compare the efficacy and mechanisms of action of Cordyceps sinensis and Cordyceps militaris (CM) (Clavicipitaceae) in Calu-3 human airway epithelial monolayer model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The extracts of Cordyceps sinensis and Cordyceps militaris, as well as their isolated compounds, cordycepin and adenosine, stimulated ion transport in a dose-dependent manner in Calu-3 monolayers. In subsequent experiments, transport inhibitor bumetanide and carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide were added after Cordyceps sinensis and Cordyceps militaris extracts to determine their effects on Cl- and HCO3- movement. RESULTS: The results suggested that Cordyceps sinensis and Cordyceps militaris extracts may affect the anion movement from the basolateral to apical compartments in the airway epithelia. CONCLUSIONS: Basolateral Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter and apical cAMP-dependent cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Cl- channel are involved in the process. The results provide the first evidence for the pharmacological mechanism of Cordyceps sinensis and Cordyceps militaris on respiratory tract.     

Antioxidant activity of the extracts from fruiting bodies of cultured Cordyceps sinensis

Cordyceps sinensis is one of the most valued herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. We investigated the antioxidant activities of the cultured fruiting bodies of Cordyceps sinesis. The water and ethanol extracts of Cordyceps sinensis were found to possess a potent antioxidant activity. The scavenging effects of the extracts on superoxide were very weak, but the extracts moderately inhibited malondialdehyde formation via hydroxyl radical induced by SIN-1, a peroxynitrite generator. Of the extracts examined, the hot water extract (70 degrees C for 5 min) showed the greatest oxygen free radical scavenging activity. Also, when low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was incubated with macrophages in the presence of CuCl2 (1 microM), the hot water extract showed a strong inhibitory effect against lipid peroxidation in the medium and consequent accumulation of cholesteryl ester in macrophages. Their activities were comparable to that of authentic Cu/Zn SOD. These results suggest that the extracts of cultured Cordyceps sinensis possess potent antioxidant and anti-lipid peroxidation activities and inhibit accumulation of cholesteryl ester in macrophages via suppression of LDL oxidation.     

Anti-inflammatory and related pharmacological activities of cultured mycelia and fruiting bodies of Cordyceps militaris

This study aimed to elucidate pharmacological activities of Cordyceps militaris. The 70% ethanolic extracts of cultured mycelia (CME) and fruiting bodies (FBE) of Cordyceps militaris were prepared. CME was able to directly scavenge the stable free radical diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), indicating its antioxidant activity. Both CME and FBE showed topical anti-inflammatory activity in the croton oil-induced ear edema in mice. CME was found to contain acute anti-inflammatory activity, which was evaluated using the carrageenin-induced edema, and also strong antinociceptive activity in writhing test. CME and FBE contain potent inhibitory activity on the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) angiogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. Cordycepin, a metabolite of Cordyceps militaris, appeared to be at least partly responsible for its anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activities. CME concentration-dependently inhibited the NO production and iNOS expression upon stimulation by lipoposaccharide in RAW 264.7, a murine macrophage cell line. In brief, we demontrate that Cordyceps militaris possesses anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activites, and related antioxidant, anti-angiogenic, and NO production-inhibitory activities.     

北虫草废弃培养料多糖提取条件优化研究

虫草人工栽培产生的大量废弃培养料,采用正交设计,确定从提取多糖的条件为提取温度80℃,提取2次,浸提时间120 min,料液比(w/v)1 20.本项实验结果可为北虫草的清洁生产及综合利用资源提供参考.     

人工蛹虫草中核苷类化学成分的研究

目的：研究人工蛹虫草Cordyceps militaris中核苷类化学成分。方法：建立人工蛹虫草中核苷类化合物的提取方法并用色谱水法分离各个核苷类化合物。结果：分离鉴定了4个化合物，分别是尿嘧啶核苷（1）、腺嘌呤核苷（2）、鸟嘌呤核苷（3）和酪氨酸（4）。结论：从核苷类物质分析来看，该人工蛹虫草菌丝体中核苷类物质含量丰富，主要为化合物1、2、3，三者总和约占菌丝体干重的1．3％。     

灯盏花素体外清除活性氧及抗氧化作用研究

利用Fenton反应产生羟自由基·OH,光照核黄素产生超氧阴离子自由基O2^-二,分光光度法研究了灯盏花素体外清除氧自由基的作用。通过Vc、Phen、Cu^2＋体系发生Fenton反应产生·OH引起DNA氧化损伤,以及Fe^2＋-L-Cys体系诱导肝脏匀浆产生的脂质过氧化物丙二醛（MDA）,研究灯盏花素对DNA氧化损伤的保护作用和抗脂质过氧化的作用。实验结果表明灯盏花素能有效清除活性氧自由基,对脂质过氧化及DNA的·OH氧化损伤有显著抑制作用。     

活体柞蚕蛹复壮北虫草菌种初探

目的：对北虫草菌株进行复壮处理以提高菌种活力。方法：用一株人工培育的北虫草菌株P感染刚化蛹的活体柞蚕蛹,蛹体近头部长出子实体后,待子实体近成熟期时采集孢子进行有性繁殖对原菌株进行复壮。结果：复壮后菌株10-2的子实体产量和生物转化率分别是原来菌株P的1.2倍和1.5倍。结论：在表面消毒过的活体柞蚕蛹上接种液体菌株活化复壮菌种的方法是可行的。     

Protective effects on mitochondria and anti-aging activity of polysaccharides from cultivated fruiting bodies of Cordyceps militaris

Cordyceps militaris (L.) Link is an entomopathogenic fungus parasitic to Lepidoptera larvae, and is widely used as a folk tonic or invigorant for longevity in China. Although C. militaris has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for millennia, there is still a lack convincing evidence for its anti-aging activities. This study was performed to investigate the effects of polysaccharides from cultivated fruiting bodies of C. militaris (CMP) on mitochondrial injury, antioxidation and anti-aging activity. Fruiting bodies of C. militaris were cultivated artificially under optimized conditions. The spectrophotometric method was used to measure thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), mitochondrial swelling, and activities of scavenging superoxide anions in vitro. D-galactose (100 mg/kg/day) was injected subcutaneously into back of the neck of mice for 7 weeks to induce an aging model. The effects of CMP on the activities of catalase (CAT), surperoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and anti-hydroxyl radicals were assayed in vivo using commercial monitoring kits. The results showed that CMP could inhibit mitochondrial injury and swelling induced by Fe2(+)-L-Cysteine in a concentration- dependent manner and it also had a significant superoxide anion scavenging effect. Moreover, the activities of CAT, SOD, GPx and anti-hydroxyl radicals in mice liver were increased significantly by CMP. These results indicate that CMP protects mitochondria by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibiting mitochondrial swelling, and increasing the activities of antioxidases. Therefore, CMP may have pharmaceutical values for mitochondrial protection and anti-aging. CMP was the major bioactive component in C. militaris.