老年糖尿病患者骨科围手术期的处理

目的探讨骨科老年手术患者并存糖尿病的围手术期处理。方法对16例经骨科手术治疗的老年糖尿病患者手术前血糖控制情况与手术方式进行总结分析。结果 13例患者为一期愈合,3例发生术后愈合不良,经换药后切口愈合。结论骨科老年手术患者并存糖尿病者,血糖控制在10 mmol/L,尿糖（-～＋）,可以进行手术治疗,且手术是安全的。     

骨科老年糖尿病患者围手术期处理方法探讨

为探讨骨科老年糖尿病患者围手术期处理方法 ,对需要骨科手术治疗的 17例并存有糖尿病的患者利用正规胰岛素进行围手术期的血糖调整 ,血糖控制指标为 :空腹 <7.8mmol/L ,餐后 2h <11.1mmol/L。术后随访时间12～ 4 2月 ,平均 2 0月。结果 :无 1例发生感染和酮症酸中毒等并发症 ,骨科疾病均已治愈 ,日常生活能力恢复至术前水平。结果提示 :胰岛素优于口服降糖药 ,能够及时有效控制血糖 ,争取最佳手术时机 ,是骨科糖尿病患者围手术期处理的理想药物 ,能够有效地预防和控制各种糖尿病的手术并发症     

腰椎结核合并糖尿病患者围术期的血糖控制

目的 探讨腰椎结核合并糖尿病患者围术期的血糖控制及其对手术效果的影响.方法 回顾性分析2005年11月至2013年12月我科手术治疗的38例腰椎结核合并糖尿病患者围术期血糖控制情况,术后切口愈合、植骨融合及结核复发情况.结果 38例患者,男14例,女24例;年龄22～82岁,平均(58.6±13.2)岁.血糖控制情况:术前空腹血糖(7.5±1.7) mmol/L,餐后血糖(9.3± 1.4)mmol/L;术后空腹血糖(8.3±1.7)mmol/L,餐后血糖(9.4±1.5) mmol/L;术中血糖(9.6±1.3) mmol/L;围术期空腹血糖范围5.8～10.0 mmol/L,餐后血糖范围7.9～10.9 mmol/L.36例患者切口甲级愈合,愈合时间7～10d,平均(8.2±0.8)d,2例患者切口延迟愈合,38例患者均未发生切口感染;35例患者植骨融合,融合时间3～5个月,平均(3.9±0.8)个月,2例患者植骨吸收;术后随访12～18个月,平均(15.0±1.8)个月,37例患者均未发生结核复发现象,1例失访.结论 腰椎结核合并糖尿病患者围术期空腹血糖控制在5.8～10.0 mmol/L,餐后血糖控制在7.9～10.9 mmol/L,术中血糖控制在(9.6±1.3)mmol/L,行骨科手术是安全的.     

糖尿病患者骨科手术围手术期血糖控制的探讨

目的:探讨糖尿病患者骨科手术围手术期血糖控制的标准以及对手术的影响。方法:对96例骨疾病并存糖尿病的患者接受骨科手术治疗围手术期的血糖调控情况的分析。观察糖尿病患者术中、术后血糖(包括空腹血糖及早餐后2h血糖,2HPG)、尿酮体、有无低血糖反应、心脑并发症(包括心律失常、心肌梗死、心力衰竭、脑卒中),抗炎时间及切口愈合天数。结果:96例患者入院时空腹血糖(13.0±1.5)mmol/L,经术前用胰岛素控制血糖至(7.0±2.3)mmol/L后,分别接受全髋关节置换、股骨头置换、腰椎滑脱和钢板脊柱内固定系统复位固定等复杂骨科手术治疗,术中及术后继续用胰岛素控制血糖至基本正常水平,本组的术后血糖为(8.0±1.8)mmol/L。96例中,仅3例(3.1%)术后内固定松动,未发生感染和其他并发症。术后患者症状体征均明显改善,肢体功能恢复良好。结论:糖尿病患者经正确的围手术期处理,将血糖控制至基本正常水平,可耐受复杂的骨科手术。     

糖尿病患者骨科手术围手术期的护理

目的探讨骨科糖尿病患者围手术期的血糖控制方法。方法对50例需行骨科手术治疗的糖尿病患者正规使用胰岛素调控围手术期血糖,注意胰岛素用药护理,将血糖控制在空腹<7.8mmol/L,餐后2h<11.1mmol/L水平。术后随访12～42个月。结果50例患者分别接受关节置换、股骨头置换、腰椎滑脱和钢板脊柱内固定系统复位等复杂骨科手术治疗,术前经胰岛素控制血糖至(7.1±2.4)mmol/L,并针对病人情况制定相应护理措施,50例中,仅1例(2.0%)术后内固定松动,余未发生其他护理并发症。术后患者肢体功能恢复良好。无1例发生感染和酮症酸中毒等并发症。结论糖尿病患者经正常围手术期护理,将血糖控制至基本正常水平,有效地预防糖尿病手术并发症。     

糖尿病患者骨科手术围手术期的护理

目的探讨骨科糖尿病患者围手术期的血糖控制方法。方法对50例需行骨科手术治疗的糖尿病患者正规使用胰岛素调控围手术期血糖,注意胰岛素用药护理,将血糖控制在空腹〈7.8mmol/L,餐后2h〈11.1mmol/L水平。术后随访12～42个月。结果50例患者分别接受关节置换、股骨头置换、腰椎滑脱和钢板脊柱内固定系统复位等复杂骨科手术治疗,术前经胰岛素控制血糖至（7.1±2.4）mmol/L,并针对病人情况制定相应护理措施,50例中,仅1例（2.0%）术后内固定松动,余未发生其他护理并发症。术后患者肢体功能恢复良好。无1例发生感染和酮症酸中毒等并发症。结论糖尿病患者经正常围手术期护理,将血糖控制至基本正常水平,有效地预防糖尿病手术并发症。     

糖尿病病人发生外科疾病时围手术期的处理

目的 探讨糖尿病患者发生外科疾病时围手术期的处理方法.结果 1例胃大部切除术后并发十二指肠残端瘘,感染性腹膜炎,血糖值最高20.1mmol/L,出现尿糖尿酮强阳性,因酮症酸中毒休克死亡.其余35例血糖控制在6.4～11.3mmol/L,尿糖"-"～"++",无尿酮及高血糖高渗性昏迷.共计发生并发症5例次.讨论:外科疾病并存糖尿病,手术风险增大,易出现并发症,但若掌握好利用正规胰岛素控制血糖及手术原则,就能安全度过围手术期.     

合并糖尿病的胃癌围手术期的治疗

目的 探讨合并糖尿病的胃癌患者的外科治疗.方法 对1996年9月～2006年9月在我院进行手术治疗的41例合并糖尿病的胃癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 41例患者围手术期血糖控制范围6.1mmol/L～11.1mmol/L,尿糖(±～ ).无手术死亡,无严重并发症,所有病例全部顺利度过围手术期.结论 合理运用胰岛素,把血糖控制在一定范围,合并糖尿病的大肠癌患者能够安全度过围手术期.     

糖尿病骨折患者37例的围手术期处理体会

目的 总结糖尿病骨折患者围手术期的处理经验,以减少和预防手术并发症的发生.方法 对骨折并发2型糖尿病患者37例均行手术内固定治疗,糖尿病诊断按1985年世界卫生组织推荐的诊断标准:(1)空腹静脉血浆血糖≥7.8 mmol/L;(2)餐后或1 d任何时候静脉血浆血糖≥11.1 mmol/L(氧化酶法).本组均属2型糖尿病,术前均应用胰岛素,将血糖控制在目标值(空腹血糖在6～8 mmol/L,餐后2 h血糖在8～11 mmol/L).其中:开放性骨折11例,闭合性骨折26例,均为择期手术,钢板螺丝钉内固定34例,髓内固定3例.结果 本组糖尿病骨折患者中,术前发生低血糖1例;切口一期愈合33例,二期愈合4例(包括切口感染2例);骨折不愈合和延迟愈合2例;下肢深静脉血栓1例.结论 对于糖尿病骨折需要手术的患者,严格全程安全有效地控制血糖、选择恰当手术时机和治疗方法正确处理骨折、积极预防切口不愈合和切口感染以及正确合理地加强术后营养和护理,尽早进行康复训练,促进骨折愈合是确保手术成功、减少和防止并发症发生的关键.     

妇科手术患者合并糖尿病围手术期处理

目的:探讨合并糖尿病的妇科手术患者的围手术期处理方法.方法:分析38例妇科手术患者合并糖尿病时.围手术期控制血糖的方法.结果:术中、术后血糖浓度控制在7.0～8.0 mmol/L.伤口期愈合36例,愈合率为94.7%;伤口感染期愈合2例,愈合率5.3%;均安全度过围手术期.结论:妇科手术患者合并糖尿病时,围手术期将血糖浓度控制在8mmol/L以下,是手术成功的关键因素之一.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.