XELOX方案与FOLFOX方案同期调强适形放疗治疗复发和局部晚期直肠癌

目的:观察卡培他滨联合奥沙利铂(XELOX)方案与5-氟尿嘧啶/亚叶酸钙联合奥沙利铂(FOLFOX)方案同期调强适形放疗治疗复发和局部晚期直肠癌的疗效及不良反应.方法:回顾性分析62例复发或局部晚期直肠癌患者的临床病理资料.62例患者分为XELOX方案同期调强适形放疗组(简称XELOX组)32例,FOLFOX方案同期调强适形放疗组(简称FOLFOX组)30例,两组均化疗两周期以上.化疗同期调强适形放疗,两组放疗方式相同,均采用调强适形放疗,放疗剂量为60Gy～70Gy/33f～39f.按WHO标准评价客观疗效,RTOG及WHO标准评价放化疗的急性毒副反应.结果:XELOX组有效率78.1%,中位疾病无进展生存时间(PFS)为16月,1年生存率为87.5%;FOLFOX组有效率73.3%,中位疾病无进展生存时间(PFS )为18月,1年生存率为83.3%,两组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).不良反应中,手足综合征以XELOX组显著(P＜0.05),余不良反应发生率以FOLFOX组稍高,但差异无统计学意义.结论:XELOX方案与FOLFOX方案同期调强适形放疗疗效确切,不良反应能耐受.两组疗效相似,不良反应XELOX组更低.     

放疗联合培美曲赛和顺铂同期化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床护理观察

目的:观察放疗联合培美曲赛和顺铂同期化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床副反应,探讨有效的护理对策.方法:22例经病理证实的局部晚期非小细胞肺癌患者,给予调强适形放疗并同期联合培美曲赛和顺铂化疗,采用RTOG和CTC AE3.0标准评价副反应,给予放疗护理、化疗护理、中心静脉导管护理、疲劳护理等措施干预.结果:22例患者...     

尼妥珠单抗联合同步放化疗治疗局部晚期食管癌的副反应观察与护理

目的:观察尼妥珠单抗联合放疗并同期化疗治疗局部晚期食管癌患者的临床副反应,探讨有效的针对性护理方法。方法:52例经病理证实的晚期食管癌患者,给予尼妥珠单抗联合调强适形放疗并同期化疗,治疗前给予心理护理,治疗时严格遵循用药方法,治疗期间密切观察并评价副反应,适时给予有针对性的护理措施干预。结果:52例患者中CR10例,PR36例,总有效率88.46%。主要不良反应包括血压下降、头晕、发热、皮疹、恶心、呕吐及骨髓抑制、放射性食管炎等。治疗中及时给予对症处理和有效的护理干预,所有患者均顺利完成治疗。结论:尼妥珠单抗靶向治疗联合同期放化疗治疗局部晚期食管癌患者副反应可耐受,积极有效的护理措施干预,可减轻副反应的发生,促其顺利完成治疗,提高生存质量。     

三维适形放疗联合XELOX方案治疗局部晚期和术后复发性直肠癌

目的:观察三维适形放疗加卡培他滨联合奥沙利铂化疗(XELOX方案)治疗局部晚期和术后复发性直肠癌的临床疗效及毒副反应。方法:经病理或细胞学证实的局部晚期和术后复发性直肠癌患者25例,每天口服卡培他滨2000mg/m2,d1～d14,静滴奥沙利铂130mg/m2,d1。每3周为1个治疗周期,全组共完成119周期。同步放疗为先三野同中心全盆腔放疗40Gy,后针对局部肿瘤病灶行三维适形放疗加量至60Gy。结果:25例患者中CR16%,PR64%,NC12%,PD8%,总有效率为80%,主要不良反应为消化道反应及感觉神经病变,未见大于Ⅲ级的毒性反应。结论:三维适形放疗加XELOX方案化疗治疗局部晚期和术后复发性直肠癌疗效确切,毒副反应小,是有效治疗晚期大肠癌的新方案。     

鼻咽癌患者放化同步治疗的临床护理观察

目的:探索鼻咽癌患者调强适形放疗同步联合双周PF方案化疗治疗后的急性毒性反应和有效的护理措施.方法:复习2001年6月～2006年6月89例鼻咽癌患者临床资料,经调强适形放疗并同步联合双周PF方案治疗.用肿瘤治疗毒性反应评分标准,进行观察评估,并给予医疗护理干预.结果:89例鼻咽癌患者在调强适形放疗同步联合双周PF方案化疗治疗中发生不同程度急性毒性反应,以皮肤、胃肠道、粘膜及白细胞减少的发生率较高,给予相应护理能减轻患者痛苦.结论:调强适形放疗同步联合双周PF方案化疗治疗鼻咽癌,患者急性毒性反应较重,给予适当治疗和护理后患者是可耐受的.     

紫杉醇联合奈达铂化疗同步适形调强放疗治疗局部晚期食管癌的疗效

目的：探讨紫杉醇联合奈达铂化疗同步适形调强放疗治疗局部晚期食管癌的疗效。方法选取局部晚期食管癌患者60例,分为2组,对照组30例仅给予单纯调强放疗,观察组30例给予紫杉醇联合奈达铂化疗同步适形调强放疗,比较观察2组的疗效和安全性。结果观察组总有效率为96.7％,明显高于对照组的80.0％,差异有统计学意义（P ﹤0.05）。观察组毒副反应以恶心呕吐和Ⅰ、Ⅱ度骨髓抑制为主,对照组以放射性肺炎、放射性食管炎为主。结论局部晚期食管癌采用紫杉醇联合奈达铂化疗同步适形调强放疗治疗,疗效好,安全性高。     

局部晚期鼻咽癌同期三维适形放疗和化疗加辅助化疗疗效观察

目前,同期放化疗加辅助化疗已成为局部晚期鼻咽癌的标准治疗模式,但同时应用的最佳药物及放化疗方案还未确定[1-2].国内外同期放化疗的报道多采用常规放疗技术,而应用三维适形、调强放疗同期化疗的报道较少.笔者对56例经病理证实局部晚期鼻咽癌行同期三维适形放疔和化疗加辅助化疗的病例进行分析,旨在观察其疗效及副反应情况.     

不同方案化疗结合调强放疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌临床病理回顾性分析

目的:探讨不同化疗方案结合调强放射治疗局部区域晚期鼻咽癌的相关毒副反应及疗效.方法:回顾性分析213例局部晚期鼻咽癌惠者,按与调强放疗结合的不同方式分为单纯放疗组61例、DDP同期放化疗组54例、DDP+5-FU(PF)方案诱导化疗联合DDP同期放化疗组66例、紫杉醇+Carboplatin(TC)方案诱导化疗联合DDP同期放化疗组32例.调强放射治疗采用同期整合加量技术治疗.比较各组患者的肿瘤控制情况和治疗毒副反应.结果:各组患者5年总生存率分别为82.4%、78.9%、84.0%、77.2%(P=0.950),无瘤生存率75.0% 、74.6%、82.3 %、74.0%(P=0.891),无局部复发率90.2%、96.2%、98.4%、90.4%(P=0.226),无远处转移率83.2%、77.8%、83.9%、83.7%(P=0.798).治疗相关毒副反应主要为骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应和放射性黏膜炎,前两者化疗组与单纯放疗组差异有统计学意义.影响预后的多因素分析结果显示,总生存率仅与N分期相关.结论:与单纯调强放射治疗相比,PF和TC诱导化疗、DDP单药同期化疗或者两者序贯联合均未能提高肿瘤局部区域控制率和生存率,胃肠道和骨髓毒副反应有所增加.     

局部晚期直肠癌术前同期放化疗临床及病理降期效果的探讨

目的:探讨局部晚期直肠癌术前同期放化疗后临床及病理降期情况及其相关影响因素.方法:回顾性分析30例行术前同期放化疗的局部晚期直肠癌患者的临床资料,放疗采取三维适形放疗技术,同期化疗为奥沙利铂与卡培他滨联合方案.评价其术前临床及术后病理降期效果并分析相关影响因素. 结果:术前临床评价T分期降期率达73.3%(22/30),17例N+患者10例淋巴结完全消退;术后病理发现,14例患者T分期下降,降期率为46.7%,其中5例患者达pCR,完全缓解率为16.7%(5/30).单因素分析显示,放疗后继续服用卡培他滨及放疗至手术间歇期长者肿瘤降期率高.除1例放疗期间出现膀胱瘘者,仅1例出现Ⅲ级造血系统毒副反应,未见Ⅳ级毒副反应.结论:局部晚期直肠癌术前同期放化疗耐受性良好,有效率高,更加合理的同期化疗需更进一步的临床试验证实.     

鼻咽癌患者放化同步治疗的临床护理观察

目的：探索鼻咽癌患者调强适形放疗同步联合双周PF方案化疗治疗后的急性毒性反应和有效的护理措施。方法：复习2001年6月～2006年6月89例鼻咽癌患者临床资料,经调强适形放疗并同步联合双周PF方案治疗。用肿瘤治疗毒性反应评分标准,进行观察评估,并给予医疗护理干预。结果：89例鼻咽癌患者在调强适形放疗同步联合双周PF方案化疗治疗中发生不同程度急性毒性反应,以皮肤、胃肠道、粘膜及白细胞减少的发生率较高,给予相应护理能减轻患者痛苦。结论：调强适形放疗同步联合双周PF方案化疗治疗鼻咽癌,患者急性毒性反应较重,给予适当治疗和护理后患者是可耐受的。     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

Fruit and vegetables and cancer risk

The possibility that fruit and vegetables may help to reduce the risk of cancer has been studied for over 30 years, but no protective effects have been firmly established. For cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract, epidemiological studies have generally observed that people with a relatively high intake of fruit and vegetables have a moderately reduced risk, but these observations must be interpreted cautiously because of potential confounding by smoking and alcohol. For lung cancer, recent large prospective analyses with detailed adjustment for smoking have not shown a convincing association between fruit and vegetable intake and reduced risk. For other common cancers, including colorectal, breast and prostate cancer, epidemiological studies suggest little or no association between total fruit and vegetable consumption and risk. It is still possible that there are benefits to be identified: there could be benefits in populations with low average intakes of fruit and vegetables, such that those eating moderate amounts have a lower cancer risk than those eating very low amounts, and there could also be effects of particular nutrients in certain fruits and vegetables, as fruit and vegetables have very varied composition. Nutritional principles indicate that healthy diets should include at least moderate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but the available data suggest that general increases in fruit and vegetable intake would not have much effect on cancer rates, at least in well-nourished populations. Current advice in relation to diet and cancer should include the recommendation to consume adequate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but should put most emphasis on the well-established adverse effects of obesity and high alcohol intakes.     

New and emerging radiosensitizers and radioprotectors

The combination of chemotherapy and radiation has led to clinical breakthroughs in several disease sites, and current work continues to define optimum combinations of proven chemotherapy as well as more recently available, noncytotoxic agents. Administration of systemic therapies allows modulation of radiation response to improve tumor control (radiosensitization) or to prevent normal tissue toxicity (radioprotection). Substantial progress has been made in identifying the targets of standard chemotherapeutic radiation sensitizers and protectors as well as in the introduction of a new generation of molecularly targeted therapies in combination with radiation. We have reviewed the most recent, predominantly early phase clinical trials combining systemic agents with radiation. Although the proof of an improved schedule ultimately needs to come from well-run Phase III trials, the search among schedules could be shortened by the use of surrogate endpoints such as presence of active drug metabolites in the tumor. This has been accomplished only in a few cases and needs to become a more standard part of radiation sensitizer and protector trials.