左手动脉异常一例报道

正常分布于手的动脉来源于尺、桡动脉的分支:桡动脉发出掌浅支与尺动脉的终末支吻合形成掌浅弓,掌浅弓发出小指掌侧动脉和三条指掌侧总动脉,指掌侧总动脉分别发出两条指掌侧固有动脉,分布于2~5指相对缘;桡动脉穿第一掌骨间隙处发出拇主要动脉(其分三支分布于拇指两侧和示指桡侧     

桡动脉掌浅支粗大合并分支异常一例

双侧掌浅支粗大合并行程异常及分支变异者比较少见。作者在解剖一例成年男尸时发现双侧桡动脉掌浅支粗大合并行程异常同时伴有分支变异。 左侧桡动脉的掌浅支自桡骨茎突上方0.85cm处发出(见附图)。发支后的桡动脉干外径为2.00mm。掌浅支起始部外径1.92mm,该支贴鱼际肌表面的筋膜下行达手掌与尺动脉终支吻合成掌浅弓。掌浅弓属桡尺动脉型,位置正常,弓之最细处外径为1.58mm。掌浅弓在拇短屈肌下缘发出一长为0.50cm,外径为1.54mm的短支,即拇主要动脉。该动脉随即分为两支:一支为拇指桡掌侧动脉,走行于拇指掌面的桡侧缘;另一支是拇指尺掌侧动脉和示指桡掌侧动脉的共干支,继行2.00cm后,于拇收肌下缘处即分为上述两支。分别至拇、示指掌面的相对缘。另外。桡侧两条指掌侧总动脉共干发自掌浅弓。     

掌浅弓、掌深弓多处变异1例

<正>在制作一成人左上肢血管神经标本时,发现其掌浅弓、掌深弓异常,并有多处手掌动脉呈现Z型异常扭曲,现报道如下。该标本桡动脉在桡腕关节处未发出掌浅支,而是以单干转至手背,在桡骨茎突下入鼻咽窝发出变异的拇主要动脉,终支构成掌深弓。变异的拇主要动脉穿拇收肌后在其浅面发出拇指桡侧固有动脉,其外径为1.16 mm。分支后外径为1.44     

拇主要动脉变异合并掌浅弓异常一例

在制作一成人左上肢血管神经标本过程中,发现拇主要动脉变异合并掌浅弓异常,现报道如下. 异常拇主要动脉由桡动脉的腕背支在鼻烟窝处穿入第1骨间背侧肌的同时发出,走行于第1骨间背侧肌浅面,在第一掌指关节处发出3个分支,分别形成拇指尺掌侧固有动脉、示指桡掌侧固有动脉和1支与掌浅弓汇合的动脉,其直径依次为1.78mm、 1.80mm、 1.02mm,由变异拇主要动脉发出的1支动脉绕过虎口在拇收肌浅面与掌浅弓汇合,全长4.38cm.     

掌浅弓、掌深弓的组成分支吻合及其临床意义

目的:研究掌浅弓、掌深弓的组成类型、分支及吻合,为临床手外科提供解剖学基础.方法:在78例手的铸型标本上观察掌浅弓、掌深弓的组成、分支及吻合.结果:(1)掌浅弓分5型:Ⅰ.尺动脉型由尺动脉的终支构成,其分支直接到示指、拇指,不与其它动脉的分支吻合,占19.2%(15例).Ⅱ.桡尺动脉型由桡动脉分支与尺动脉构成,占51.3%(40例).Ⅲ.尺动脉掌深弓型由尺动脉的终支和掌深弓构成,占15.4%(12例).Ⅳ.桡正中尺动脉型由桡动脉、正中动脉和尺动脉构成,占10.3%(8例).Ⅴ.无弓型没有掌浅弓,桡动脉掌浅支分支营养拇指、示指及中指桡侧半,尺动脉分支营养中指尺侧半、无名指、小指,占3.8%(3例).(2)掌深弓分2型:Ⅰ.完伞型掌深弓由桡动脉的终支与尺动脉或其它分支构成,占93.6%(73例).Ⅱ.非完全型掌深弓是桡动脉的终支不与其它分支吻合.占6.4%(5例).掌浅弓、掌深弓互相吻合且发出许多分支.结论:掌浅弓、掌深弓分支众多,吻合丰富,变异大,临床手术时应熟练掌握相关知识.     

拇指掌侧固有动脉的显微解剖

在30例上肢标本,观察拇指桡侧、尺侧的掌侧固有动脉,两侧的动脉为拇主要动脉的分支,占70％;拇指尺侧的动脉为掌浅弓的分支,占30％;拇指桡侧的动脉为掌浅弓的分支,占20％;其余10％即为掌浅弓与拇主要动脉的吻合支。拇指桡、尺侧固有动脉的外径于掌指关节平面处为1.35±0.05mm,于指间关节平面处为1.12±0.06mm;两侧固有动脉主于沿拇长屈肌腱腱鞘两侧行向远端时,沿途分支有腱鞘外动脉及腱鞘内动脉的分支。本文讨论了临床意义。     

大鱼际部血管影像学研究及其临床意义

目的：通过血管造影CT扫描的方法了解大鱼际部的动脉血管分布情况。方法：2010年2月至2011年12月我院对临床20例手部外伤的患者实施血管造影,同时用CT三维成像技术获取大鱼际部血管的影像学资料,观察其动脉血管分布情况。结果：20例患者的拇指背侧动脉在第一掌骨桡背侧恒定出现,拇指桡侧指固有动脉来源不恒定：25％（5／20）单独由掌浅支或掌浅弓发出,55％（11／20）由掌浅支与拇主要动脉在掌指关节附近汇合而成,20％（4／20）直接由拇主要动脉发出。结论：拇指背侧动脉多数位置恒定,拇指桡侧指固有动脉来源不恒定,用后者设计大鱼际部逆行皮瓣时应考虑血管分布情况。     

示指桡侧岛状皮瓣的解剖及临床应用

自1985年以来,根据手指血管神经解剖特点,采用示指桡侧岛状皮瓣修复拇指外伤后组织缺损二例,愈后满意,现介绍如下: 示指桡侧岛状皮瓣是以示指桡侧固有动脉及伴行静脉和神经为蒂,其范围是:远端至示指末节端,近端至掌指关节,其中包括皮肤、皮下组织和浅筋膜。据文献报告,示指桡侧指固有动脉为桡动脉掌深弓的直接分枝,平均内     

第1掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣的应用解剖学

目的　提供第1掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣的应用解剖学依据。 方法　解剖58侧防腐固定的成尸手标本,观测第1掌背动脉的起源、外径、长度及吻合。观察皮瓣感觉神经的来源及分布。1侧新鲜成尸手标本动脉造影。 结果　第1掌背动脉起于桡动脉鼻烟窝段,外径（0.77±0.19）mm,长度（5.21±　0.47）cm。第1掌背动脉分为3型：Ⅰ正常型占60%（35侧）,走行在第2掌骨桡侧,在第2掌骨颈或示指近节桡侧与示指桡掌侧固有动脉吻合。Ⅱ变异型占29.2%（17侧）,Ⅲ缺如型占10.3%（6侧）。第1掌背动脉伴行静脉两支者占29%（17侧）;1支者占19%（11侧）;缺如占52%（30侧）。皮瓣的感觉神经来源于桡神经浅支。 结论　第1掌背动脉作为轴心血管设计为逆行岛状皮瓣修复拇指、示指近节及掌指关节背侧皮肤缺损。     

手部血管的应用解剖学研究

对66侧(左31,右35)成人手的血管进行了系统的观察。平第三掌骨处掌浅弓外径1.79±0.5(1.0—2.7)mm;掌深弓1.4±0.29(0.9—1.9)mm。掌浅弓分支的变异观以小指尺侧动脉起端多见。掌深弓除传统介绍外尚见到由桡动脉和小指尺侧动脉分支所形成。并就指掌侧总动脉、指掌侧固有动脉局部位置及其有关变异结合实际应用进行了讨论。     

Modes of reinforcement and gender and culture of experimenter and subject: effects of "alien" and external reinforcement for Japanese and American men and women

In this study, we examined external and "alien" reinforcement (ER and AR. respectively) as a factor in social learning, and studied the combined effects of culture and reinforcement mode. A female (Experiment 1) and a male (Experiment 2) experimenters conducted experimental sessions. Both men and women, who grew up in the same culture as the experimenter, participated and performed the experimental task. A three-way interaction effect of experimenter gender, culture, and reinforcement mode was found on task performance. And the effect was more pronounced for a Japanese experimenter. A female and a male experimenters conducted Experiments 3 and 4, respectively; however participants this time were men and women who grew up in different cultures than the experimenter. Results indicated that the pattern of the subject gender and reinforcement mode interaction effect, when the experimenter was Japanese with American subjects, was exactly opposite to that when the experimenter was American. These experiments showed that AR was as effective for social learning as ER, and that the cultural backgrounds of experimenter and subject influenced AR and ER effectiveness.     

Rates of oxygen consumption and of anaerobic glycolysis in renal cortex and medulla of adult and new-born rats and guinea-pigs

1. Rates of oxygen uptake and of anaerobic glycolysis were estimated in slices from the renal cortex and medulla (a) of adult rats and guinea-pigs, (b) of new-born (1-, 5- and 21-day-old) rats and of guinea-pigs of 1, 12, 21, 24 and 120 hr age.2. In the adult rat, Q(O2) values for the cortex were 12.55 +/- 0.20 (22) and for the medulla: 8.56 +/- 0.17 (22) mul./hr.mg dry weight, while in the new-born rat (24 hr old) they were 10.99 +/- 0.46 (12) and 9.33 +/- 0.18 (9) mul./hr.mg dry weight respectively.3. Values for Q(CO2) (N2) (anaerobic glycolysis) in the 14 hr old new-born rat were in the renal cortex 9.65 +/- 0.35 (5) and in the medulla 7.39 +/- 0.43 (5) mul./hr.mg dry weight; while in the adult they were 2.25 +/- 0.08 (16) and 5.76 +/- 0.14 (16) mul./hr.mg dry weight, respectively.4. In the adult guinea-pig values for Q(CO2) (N2) were of the same order as in the adult rat, though the rate of O(2) uptake was for the cortex 8.12 +/- 0.22 (12) and for the medulla 5.02 +/- 0.23 (11) mul./hr.mg dry weight.5. Though the Q(O2) values in the renal cortex and medulla were smaller in the 1 hr old new-born guinea-pig, they were already increasing in the 12 hr old neonate.6. The results are discussed in the light of enzyme changes occurring during the process of maturation of the nephron as indicated by histochemical observations.     

Timing and intensity of early fevers and the development of allergies and asthma

BACKGROUND: Early childhood fevers appear to protect against later allergies and asthma. What is not known is the time in which fevers exert this effect and whether the degree of temperature increase is important. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the relationship between the time and degree of early fevers and later allergies and asthma. METHODS: Eight hundred thirty-five children from southeast Michigan were enrolled at birth. Clinic records from their first 2 years were abstracted for episodes of fever. At age 6 to 7 years, children underwent allergy testing. We examined fevers occurring within 6-month intervals in the first 2 years of life and outcomes at age 6 to 7 years. The primary outcome measures were allergic sensitization, asthma, asthma with allergic sensitization, and asthma without allergic sensitization. RESULTS: In the unadjusted analysis each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months of age was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.93) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.90) at age 6 to 7 years. Likewise, every 1 degrees C increase in the maximum temperature between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.96) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94). After adjusting for potential confounders, each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower likelihood of asthma with allergic sensitization (adjusted OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.94) at age 6 to 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Both the timing and intensity of childhood fevers appear to be important factors in the development of allergies and asthma.     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...