输卵管妊娠与妊娠黄体的三维能量多普勒超声鉴别

目的:应用经阴道的三维能量多普勒超声比较输卵管妊娠与其自身妊娠黄体的声像图差异,以提高输卵管妊娠的诊断。方法:输卵管妊娠患者24例纳入研究,年龄20~39岁,平均27岁,术前行阴道超声检查,使用三维能量多普勒超声观察输卵管妊娠声像图、血流分布的同时,对其妊娠黄体进行对比观察。采集三维能量多普勒血流图、血流分布,并测量相应的血管参数,包括血管形成指数(VI)、血流指数(FI)、血管形成-血流指数(VFI)。结果:输卵管妊娠以团块型多见,血流信号稀少,明显低于妊娠黄体,输卵管妊娠血管参数VI、FI、VFI值明显低于妊娠黄体(P<0.05)。结论:输卵管妊娠多普勒超声表现为低血流团块,其血流分布和血管参数明显不同于妊娠黄体,可资鉴别,帮助早期诊断输卵管妊娠。     

彩色多普勒速度能量成像技术

彩色多普勒速度能量图 (ｃｏｎｖｅｒｇｅｎｔｃｏｌｏｒＤｏｐｐｌｅｒ ,ＣＣＤ)又称聚合或混合彩色多普勒 ,是显示血流动力学的新方法。常规使用的彩色多普勒是依据脉冲多普勒的原理 ,利用多普勒中频移信号 ,获得取样面积内血流平均速度及速度变化信息 ,并采用彩色多普勒编码来反映血流的方向 ,即朝向探头为红色 ,背离探头为蓝色。所以 ,常规彩色多普勒又称彩色多普勒速度图 (ｃｏｌｏｒＤｏｐｐｌｅｒｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙ ,ＣＤＶ )。受到多普勒原理的制约 ,ＣＤＶ在微弱的多普勒信号 ,即低速血流处理方面只有比较低的信号噪声比。在低速血…     

彩色多普勒超声对小乳腺癌与乳腺增生的诊断价值研究

目的研究彩色多普勒超声对小乳腺癌与乳腺增生的诊断价值。方法收集我院经手术和病理活检确诊的乳腺增生与小乳腺癌患者各73例,比较分析其病灶形态的彩色多普勒超声二维声像图特征及血流信号图特征。对各指标率的变化进行统计分析。结果小乳腺癌和乳腺增生病灶形态的二维声像图特征及彩色血流图的比较,具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论彩色多普勒超声检查可以根据病灶形态及血流信号的二维声像图特征对乳腺疾病进行有效的鉴别检查。     

彩色多普勒超声血流能量图分级在多囊卵巢综合征诊断中的价值

目的研究彩色多普勒超声血流能量图分级对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)的诊断价值,以探讨多囊卵巢的彩色多普勒血流特征,为超声诊断的客观指标研究增添内容。方法应用彩色多普勒超声常规检查并记录子宫及双侧卵巢的大小,尤其检测多囊卵巢的卵泡数量、最大卵泡;应用彩色多普勒能量图(CDE)显示卵巢间质彩色血流信号并进行分级,应用脉冲多普勒(PW)检测血流的速度和阻力指数(RI)。应用统计学方法探讨彩色多普勒超声血流能量图分级与卵巢大小、生化指标间的关系。结果经阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断PCOS的敏感性和准确性明显增高,必要时结合经腹部超声检查,更有意义。左侧卵巢增大程度与血流分级呈正相关(r=0.740 4,P<0.01),右侧卵巢增大程度与血流分级呈正相关(r=0.639 2,P<0.01),说明双侧卵巢增大程度与彩色多普勒血流分级呈正相关。结论经阴道彩色多普勒超声检查诊断PCOS更具有意义,多囊卵巢的彩色多普勒血流能量图分级是研究多囊卵巢血流动力学改变的有效方式。     

彩色多普勒超声和二维超声诊断肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤

目的:评价彩色多普勒超声和二维超声在诊断肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(RAL)中的应用价值。方法:应用二维超声、彩色多普勒血流图(CDFI),检测26例肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤。结果:二维超声显示26例肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤,分四型,高回声型,低回声型,无回声型,混合回声型,20个肿瘤彩色多普勒血流图其内可显示血流信号,6个肿瘤其内未显示血流信号。结论:彩色多普勒超声有助于对RAL的诊断。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断良恶性甲状腺结节的参考价值

目的分析良、恶性甲状腺结节的彩色多普勒超声表现,以提高超声诊断和鉴别诊断良、恶性甲状腺结节的价值。方法回顾性分析经手术、病理明确诊断的157个良、恶性甲状腺结节的彩色多普勒超声表现,良、恶性结节的形态、回声、钙化特点、彩色多普勒血流图血流信号分布等。结果157个甲状腺结节经病理诊断,其中 90个为良性结节,67个为恶性结节;本组病例彩色多普勒超声检查的特异性为92.2%,敏感性为80.6%,诊断符合率为87.2%;彩色多普勒超声图像显示甲状腺良、恶性结节的形态、边界、包膜、回声、血流信号分布、内部钙化情况、血流阻力指数值比较,差异比较均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论彩色多普勒超声可诊断甲状腺病变,依据重要的参考指标,可评价甲状腺结节的良、恶性。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断门静脉海绵样变性

目的探讨门静脉海绵样变性（CTPV）的彩色多普勒超声的声像图特征及诊断价值。方法将彩色多普勒超声诊断为CTPV的19例患者与血管造影、CT和MRI及部分手术结果进行对照。结果彩超诊断符合率100％。彩超显示门静脉主干及分支周围呈蜂窝状、多条迂曲扩张的管状无回声,内充满红蓝相间彩色血流信号,脉冲多普勒示无回声内血流信号为门静脉样低速血流频谱。结论CTPV的彩色多普勒超声声像图具有特征性表现,彩超诊断CTPV准确率高,简便,无痛苦,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

乳腺乳头腺瘤的超声表现

目的:探讨乳腺乳头腺瘤的高频超声图像特征.材料和方法:回顾性分析7例经术后病理证实的乳腺乳头腺瘤的超声图像资料.在灰阶声像图上观察病灶形状、大小、边界、内部回声及后方回声.应用彩色多普勒血流成像(CDFI)观察病灶内部及周围血流分布和供应情况.结果:6例乳腺乳头腺瘤声像图表现为乳头内圆形或椭圆形低回声结节,境界清楚,后方回声增强,彩色多普勒显示结节内少量血流或边缘血流.1例位于左乳乳头后方低回声结节,边界清晰,周边见薄的包膜回声,彩色多普勒显示其内中等量的血流信号.结论:乳腺乳头腺瘤是一种少见的乳腺良性肿瘤,超声检查有助于乳腺乳头腺瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断.     

鼻咽癌颈转移淋巴结的多普勒血流信号特征

目的研究鼻咽癌颈转移淋巴结的彩色多普勒血流信号特征.材料与方法鼻咽癌伴颈淋巴结转移患者52例共134枚颈转移淋巴结,在接受治疗前行彩色多普勒血流检查,分析其血流信号特征和血供强度与淋巴结大小、部位的关系.结果鼻咽癌颈转移淋巴结的动脉血管多分布在淋巴结的周边,血流阻抗(RI)高;淋巴结血流强度的分布因淋巴结部位、大小的变化而不同,大淋巴结较小淋巴结血供丰富;中、下颈淋巴结较上颈淋巴结血供丰富.结论鼻咽癌颈转移淋巴结以周边型高阻血流信号为主.血供强度与淋巴结大小、部位有关.     

两种颈动脉闭塞性病变的彩色多普勒血流显像研究

目的：探讨彩色多普勒血流显像技术在颈总动脉粥样硬化与颈总动脉炎鉴别诊断中的价值。方法：应用彩色多普勒声像图对40例颈总动脉粥样硬化及36例颈总动脉炎患者的二维声像图、彩色血流分布特征及频谱多普勒血流动力学参数进行比较。结果：颈动脉粥样硬化患者血管内膜呈“小丘样”隆起。并伴有彩色血流束的充盈缺损。而颈动脉炎患者病变颈动脉血管以血管壁增厚为主,彩色血流束可有管状、喇叭口样狭窄。多普勒血流频谱显示颈动脉硬化患者的Vmax、RI、ACC及TA均显著低于颈动脉炎患者。结论：彩色多普勒声像图可以作为鉴别两种颈动脉闭塞性病变的有效诊断方法。     

颈部恶性淋巴结肿大的高频及彩色多普勒超声表现

目的：用高频彩色普勒超声观察颈部恶性肿大淋巴结的形状、大小、短长径之比（Ｓ／Ｌ）、内部回声及血流信号，并评价其临床诊断价值。材料和方法：经病理证实的颈部恶性肿大淋巴结２００例，并以７０例良性肿大淋巴结对照。结果：恶性肿大淋巴结即恶性原发性肿大淋巴结（ＰＥＬＮ）及转移性肿大淋巴结（ＭＥＬＮ）多为类圆形，Ｓ／Ｌ＞０．５，回声均减低。二者内部血流信号丰富度不同，ＰＥＬＮ多为Ⅱ－Ⅲ级，ＭＥＬＮ多为Ⅰ－Ⅱ级（Ｐ＜０．０１），具有显著性差异。收缩期最高流速、舒张期最低流速及阻力指数在二者鉴别中无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。良性肿大淋巴结多扁园形回声较高，内部血流信号甚少，多为０－Ⅰ级，Ｓ／Ｌ＜０．５。结论：高频彩色多普勒显像对颈部肿大淋巴结的诊断及鉴别诊断有重要价值     

利用多普勒信号多参数分析检测颈动脉血流

目的：利用超声多普勒音频信号的多参数分析方法检测颈动脉血流,为脑梗塞疾病提供新的诊断指标。方法：将超声多普勒信号的4种特征提取方法（传统的声谱参数法、音频信号的零极点模型法、分形特征分析法和Teager能量曲线法）结合起来,用Fisher多元判别法进行颈动脉血流状况的多参数分类决策。结果：将这种多参数分析方法用于53例颈动脉血流多普勒信号的分析,发现：Teager能量参数的诊断敏感性最优, 将几种参数结合起来进行多参数分析,可以得到较满意的效果。结论：多参数分析法在脑梗塞疾病的诊断中有一定的应用前景。     

药物性不全流产的超声表现分析

目的:探讨药物流产后宫内残留药物的二维声像图、彩色多普勒的超声表现。方法:对86例药物流产后阴道持续流血患者应用二维超声、彩色多普勒观察子宫大小,宫腔内回声及宫腔内血流情况,并用脉冲多普勒测量宫内残留物的阻力指数。结果:72例宫内残流物及8例宫内膜炎性改变的病例显示局灶性血流丰富区,呈低阻力型动脉血流频谱,RI<0.6;6例未探及有血流信号的病例为陈旧性血块。结论:二维声像图表现及彩色多普勒超声有助于判断残留物的性质,对药物性不全流产有准确的诊断及临床应用价值。     

乳腺肿块85例彩色多普勒超声图像分析

目的评价高频彩色多普勒显像(CDFI)超声对乳腺肿块的诊断价值。方法对手术病理证实的85例乳腺肿块的连缘形态、内部钙化、后方回声、周围组织及CDFI血流信号情况等彩超图像进行分析。结果超声与手术病理对照,超声诊断符合率91%,绝大多数的恶性肿块超声特点:外形不规则,内回声不均,砂粒样钙化、后方衰减,纵横径比值>0.77,CDFI检出血流信号99%左右,RI>0·75等,但也有例外,特别是小乳癌。结论彩色多普勒超声对乳腺肿块检出率100%,且肿块性质的判定对临床手术有较高的指导价值。     

Colour Doppler ultrasound for the evaluation of bowel wall thickening

We performed colour Doppler ultrasound to evaluate bowel wall thickening and to determine the effectiveness of this modality. 42 patients (aged 8-83 years old, mean age 43.5 years) with bowel disease underwent both grey scale and colour Doppler ultrasound examinations. The diagnoses were classified into three categories: inflammation, vasculitis or ischaemia. The bowel wall thickness, wall echotexture and location of the involved portion were all recorded by grey scale ultrasound, while the presence of an intramural colour Doppler flow and arterial signal was evaluated by colour Doppler ultrasound. The colour Doppler flow was graded as "absent", "mild", or "abundant", and the resistive index was also calculated. Bowel wall thickening was observed in the bowel diseases demonstrating inflammation, vasculitis and ischaemia. Patients with ischaemia were significantly older than those with inflammation. The difference in bowel wall thickness was not significant among the disease categories. Differences in bowel wall echotexture, colour Doppler flow, arterial signal and resistive index among the disease categories were significant. The absence of a colour Doppler flow and of an arterial signal suggested ischaemia, while in younger patients, an abundant colour Doppler flow and a stratified echotexture suggested inflammation. The mean resistive index in the ischemic group was significantly higher than that in the inflammatory group. In conclusion, both grey scale and colour Doppler ultrasound are considered to provide useful information for evaluating and differentiating bowel wall thickening in various bowel diseases.     

Ultrasound in vascular pathologies

The choice of the optimal ultrasonic frequency for vascular studies is determined by the required resolution and penetration. Anatomical real-time two-dimensional imaging and blood flow studies provide complementary information. Intravascular scanning allows high-frequency ultrasound to be used, with correspondingly good spatial resolution. Contrast resolution is degraded by beam side lobes and the limited dynamic range of the ultrasonic pulse. The physics of ultrasonic scattering by blood, pulsed Doppler and duplex scanning and colour flow imaging performances determines the limits of clinical applications. Contrast agents enhance the echogenicity of blood, improving sensitivity and, through second harmonic detection, suppressing solid tissue echoes. Three-dimensional display, with segmentation by the presence of the flow signal, facilitates spatial perception. Clinical applications in vascular pathologies are summarised. Received 29 January 1998: Accepted 11 February 1998     

彩色多普勒超声诊断仪在高压电击伤血管损伤诊断中的应用

目的：了解彩色多普勒超声诊断仪在肢体电击伤血管损伤中的诊断价值。方法：采用ALTULTRAMARK9型彩色多普勒超声诊断仪于电击伤肢体切开减张前后作彩色多普勒检查,观察血管直径、血管壁、血管内膜、血管内容物和血流速度等变化。结果：严重肢体电击伤的血管尤其静脉血管血管壁肿胀、内膜粗糙、血管呈“串珠样改变”或血管内有泥沙样物质阻塞,血流速度减慢或血流通过。结论：彩色多普勒超声检查肢体电击伤后血管损伤,可以及时、准确的为临床诊断、治疗、和预后估计提供依据。     

Comparison of tuberculous and pyogenic epididymal abscesses: clinical, gray-scale sonographic, and color Doppler sonographic features

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capability of clinical, gray-scale sonographic, and color Doppler sonographic features for differentiating tuberculous and pyogenic epididymal abscesses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed in 10 cases of tuberculous epididymal abscess and in 13 cases of pyogenic epididymal abscess. The following clinical, gray-scale sonographic, and color Doppler sonographic features were analyzed: patient's age; duration of symptoms; scrotal tenderness; presence of sinus tract; concurrent tuberculosis in other organs; location, size, and echogenicity of the abscess; hyperechoic rim; testicular involvement; hydrocele; and blood flow in the epididymal lesion. RESULTS: Tuberculous epididymal abscess had a longer duration of symptoms (p = 0.0001) and a lower frequency of scrotal tenderness (p = 0.0048) than pyogenic epididymal abscess. The size of the abscess was larger in tuberculous epididymal abscess than in pyogenic epididymal abscess (p = 0.0002). The degree of blood flow in the peripheral portion of the abscess was lower in tuberculous epididymal abscess (p = 0.001). The patient's age, location and echogeninicity of the abscess, presence of sinus tract, hyperechoic rim, testicular involvement, and hydrocele did not differ between the tuberculous and pyogenic epididymal abscesses. CONCLUSION: Some clinical findings, gray-scale sonography, and color Doppler sonography were useful in differentiating tuberculous epididymal abscess from pyogenic epididymal abscess. The presence of long-term scrotal swelling without tenderness and a lower degree of blood flow in the peripheral portion of a large abscess are suggestive of tuberculous epididymal abscess.     

鼻咽癌肝转移超声诊断的价值

目的探讨二维及彩色多普勒超声诊断鼻咽癌肝转移的价值.材料与方法回顾性分析6例19个鼻咽癌肝转移病灶的二维及彩色多普勒声像图特征.结果鼻咽癌肝转移二维超声表现为以囊性为主的囊实混合性回声或囊肿样回声.囊壁多不规则增厚、囊内有分隔或囊壁上有乳头样结节样实性突起.5例为多发病灶.6例彩色多普勒均于瘤内或壁上引出动脉血流信号,其中5例为高速动脉血流(流速＞40cm/s)结论鼻咽癌肝转移表现以囊性为主的囊实混合性肿块或囊肿样回声,彩色多普勒在病灶内引出高速动脉血流信号为鼻咽癌肝转移与肝脏良性囊性病变的鉴别诊断提供了重要依据.     

Transrectal ultrasound color Doppler in the evaluation of recurrence of anal canal cancer

OBJECTIVE: aim was to obtain elements for a differential diagnosis between post-radiation fibrosis and residual tumor or local relapse in anal canal cancer through detection of presence/absence of intralesional blood flow. Transrectal ultrasound and color Doppler were compared. METHODS: 43 patients underwent transrectal ultrasound sonography and color Doppler before and after therapy to assess intralesional blood flow and flow pattern (spotty and linear signals). All diagnostic imaging results were compared to histological analysis. Specificity was submitted to statistical analysis using McNemar test. RESULTS: before therapy 34 lesions (79%) showed color signal; no signal in 9 (21%), which were excluded from our analysis. Eighteen of the 34 patients considered, presented complete response to therapy, 14 partial response and two no response. After therapy, signal disappeared in 17 patients (94%); one false-positive (6%) presented spotty signals; 16 of 34 patients presented changed color signal. Color Doppler showed higher specificity than grey scale transrectal ultrasound in the differentiation of fibrosis from tumor. Response was confirmed by histological examination, considered gold standard. McNemar test demonstrated the significance of color Doppler (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: color Doppler considerably increases transrectal ultrasound specificity in differentiating tumor relapse from fibrosis in anal canal cancer.