阿卡波糖联合胰岛素泵对2型糖尿病血糖波动的影响

目的应用动态血糖监测(CGMS)评价阿卡波糖联用胰岛素泵(CSII)对2型糖尿病(T2DM)血糖波动的影响.方法将43例T2DM患者按随机数字表法将患者分为两组,CB组21例采用CSII联合阿卡波糖治疗,CSII组22例单纯采用CSII治疗,治疗10 d后应用CGMS监测两组血糖控制情况、胰岛素用量、低血糖发生率、血糖达标率及血糖波动情况.结果治疗10 d后CB组的全日血糖、平均血糖、平均血糖波动幅度均较CSII组明显下降(P<0.05),胰岛素用量、低血糖发生次数较CSII组明显减少(P<0.05),血糖达标率较CSII组明显增高(P<0.05).结论CGMS能监测患者全天血糖波动情况;胰岛素泵联合阿卡波糖治疗可有效控制血糖,减少血糖波动,降低低血糖发生率.     

2型糖尿病合并心肌梗死患者血糖监测系统和胰岛素泵的应用

目的 探讨动态血糖监测系统和胰岛素泵在糖尿病合并心肌梗死患者的应用疗效.方法 将50例2型糖尿病合并心肌梗死患者随机分为3组:组1采用动态血糖监测系统(CGMS)与胰岛素泵(CSII)结合治疗模式(双C组,16例),组2采用单纯胰岛素泵治疗(CSII组,17例),组3采用胰岛素多次注射治疗(MSII组,17例),后两组采用指端毛细血糖监测法,治疗7d后比较三组血糖控制情况、血糖达标率及血糖漂移情况.结果 治疗7天后双C组和CSII组患者的全日血糖、平均血糖(MBG)、平均血糖波动幅度(MAGE)均较治疗前明显下降(p＜0.05),明显优于MSII组(p＜0.05),低血糖发生次数亦较MSII组明显减少(p＜0.05).其中双C组MBG、MAGE、低血糖次数均显著低于CSII组(p＜0.05).结论 胰岛素泵强化治疗可有效控制血糖,动态系统监测系统能监测血糖连续的变化曲线,及时发现高血糖和低血糖,与胰岛素泵联合治疗更有利于心肌梗死患者血糖的控制,降低低血糖的发生率.     

2型糖尿病合并心肌梗死患者血糖监测系统和胰岛素泵的应用

目的探讨动态血糖监测系统和胰岛素泵在糖尿病合并心肌梗死患者的应用疗效。方法将50例2型糖尿病合并心肌梗死患者随机分为3组：组1采用动态血糖监测系统（CGMS）与胰岛素泵（CSII）结合治疗模式（双C组,16例）,组2采用单纯胰岛素泵治疗（CSII组,17例）,组3采用胰岛素多次注射治疗（MSII组,17例）,后两组采用指端毛细血糖监测法,治疗7d后比较三组血糖控制情况、血糖达标率及血糖漂移情况。结果治疗7天后双C组和CSII组患者的全日血糖、平均血糖（MBG）、平均血糖波动幅度（MAGE）均较治疗前明显下降（p〈0.05）,明显优于MSII组（p〈0.05）,低血糖发生次数亦较MSII组明显减少（p〈0.05）。其中双C组MBG、MAGE、低血糖次数均显著低于CSII组（p〈0.05）。结论胰岛素泵强化治疗可有效控制血糖,动态系统监测系统能监测血糖连续的变化曲线,及时发现高血糖和低血糖,与胰岛素泵联合治疗更有利于心肌梗死患者血糖的控制,降低低血糖的发生率。     

CSII联合CGMS短期治疗妊娠糖尿病的有效性和安全性

目的 观察CSII（胰岛素泵）联合CGMS（动态血糖监测仪）短期治疗对妊娠糖尿病的血糖控制情况。方法 将已确诊的妊娠糖尿病患者60例随机分为观察组30例和对照组30例。观察组采用CGMS指导胰岛素泵治疗。对照组采用每日8次指血血糖监测指导胰岛素泵治疗。对比分析血糖稳定达标时间、低血糖发生、血糖漂移幅度的差异及妊娠结局。结果 观察组血糖达标时间明显缩短,低血糖发生率更低,血糖漂移幅度平缓(p<0.05);观察组孕妇羊水过多、新生儿巨大儿发生率低(p<0.05)。结论 CSII联合CGMS短期治疗更有助于妊娠中晚期糖尿病的血糖达标,安全性好,且降低母婴并发症发生率,是治疗妊娠糖尿病的优选。     

动态血糖监测联合胰岛素泵（双C）治疗2型糖尿病的疗效观察

目的探讨动态血糖监测系统（CGMS）联合应用胰岛素泵治疗2型糖尿病（T2DM）的临床意义。方法选择住院治疗的血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者120例,随机分为两组各60例。所有患者均应用胰岛素泵强化治疗（CSII）控制血糖,对照组（CISS组）采用血糖仪每日8次监测手指血糖;治疗组（CGMS组）采用动态血糖监测系统监测血糖。对两组治疗模式对比分析。结果CGMS组血糖达标时间明显短于对照组（P〈0．01）,CGMS监测时发现的无症状性低血糖事件明显高于指血组（P〈0．01）,夜间明湿;CGMS组的平均血糖漂移度明显低于对照组;两组患者治疗血糖达标后胰岛素剂量差异无显著性。结论CGMS联合胰岛素泵控制血糖所需时间短、安全,优于指测血糖联合胰岛素泵。     

动态血糖监测与胰岛素泵联合治疗2型糖尿病效果观察

目的探讨动态血糖监测系统（CGMS）与胰岛素泵（CSⅡ）（双＂C＂治疗）联合应用对2型糖尿病患者血糖控制的效果。方法为84例糖尿病患者佩带CGMS 72h后分析其血糖波动特点,其中40例使用CSII治疗（CGMS＋CSII组）,44例使用自我血糖监测（SMBG）的CSII治疗（SMBG＋CSII）。结果 CGMS＋CSII组患者血糖达标时间与SMBG＋CSII组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;两组低血糖的发生率比较,差异也有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论双＂C＂治疗可以使2型糖尿病患者的血糖在短期内达到理想而稳定的控制目标。     

动态血糖监测在糖尿病胰岛素泵治疗中的应用

目的 探讨在胰岛素泵强化治疗的2型糖尿病患者中应用动态血糖监测系统(CGMS)和常规血糖监测方法 相比是否更有利于血糖控制.方法 选自在该院住院治疗的空腹血糖13～18mmol/L的2型糖尿病患者40例,随机分为两组,每组20例.一组采用血糖仪每日7次监测手指血糖;另一组采用动态血糖监测系统(CGMS)监测血糖.所有患者均应用胰岛素泵强化治疗(CSII)控制血糖,根据血糖监测结果 调整胰岛素剂量.比较治疗前后两组患者血糖控制情况,治疗前后分别测两组患者血浆胰岛素及C肽.结果 在胰岛素泵强化治疗中采用动态血糖监测系统(CGMS)监测血糖组较血糖仪监测血糖组三餐前后血糖明显降低(P<0.05),血糖更快控制达标,且胰岛功能恢复较快,两组患者治疗前后胰岛素剂量差异无显著性.结论 采用胰岛素泵强化治疗(CSII)加动态血糖监测系统(CGMS)监测血糖能更快使血糖控制差的2型糖尿病患者血糖控制迭标,胰岛功能得到恢复,减少低血糖发生.该方法 是目前2型糖尿病高血糖状态治疗的最佳整合方式.     

胰岛素泵联合动态血糖监测在初发1型糖尿病中的临床应用

目的观察胰岛素泵持续皮下输注胰岛素（CSII）联合动态血糖监测系统（CGMS）在1型糖尿病治疗中的疗效及意义。方法将24例1型糖尿病患者随机分为三组,CSII与CGMS联合为联合治疗组,CSII与血糖仪监测为对照（MDI）组、每日多次注射胰岛素组。联合治疗组行CGMS连续监测血糖,后两组均采用指尖血糖仪监测血糖。比较三组治疗3d时的平均血糖波动幅度及各组强化治疗2周后血糖控制及低血糖发生情况。结果①空腹血糖：强化治疗后三组均明显下降,组内比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。②餐后2h血糖：强化治疗后三组均明显下降（P〈0．01）,与CSII组、MDI组相比,联合治疗组下降更明显（P〈0．01）,CSII组、MDI组相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。③低血糖发生的次数：联合治疗组少于CSII组与MDI组（P〈0．01）。结论三组对1型糖尿病患者强化降糖治疗均有效,短期应用CSII治疗效果好于MDI治疗,在CGMS监测下的CSII降糖治疗效果更好,达标所需时间短,低血糖事件少。     

DPP-4抑制剂对胰岛素治疗2型糖尿病患者血糖波动的影响

目的 探讨西格列汀对门冬胰岛素30控制不佳的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血糖波动性的影响.方法 选择广东医科大学附属中山医院2014年1月1日至2014年12月31日门冬胰岛素30控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者90例,随机分为三组:单纯持续皮下胰岛素注射治疗组(CSII组),阿卡波糖联合CSII组(CSII+ Aca组),西格列汀联合CSII组(CSII+ Sig组).每组各30例,强化治疗2周,最后3d行72 h动态血糖监测(CGMS),观察24 h内平均血糖(24 h MBG)、最大血糖波动幅度(LAGE)、1日内平均血糖波动幅度(MAGE)、餐后血糖尖峰值(PGS)、餐后血糖达峰时间(△t)、餐后血糖漂移幅度(PPGE),餐后血糖漂移时间(T总).治疗结束时比较胰岛素用量之差(△胰岛素)、低血糖发生率、血糖达标率、血糖谱.结果 治疗2周后,CSII+ Sig组和CSII+ Aca组的日内血糖波动指标(24 h MBG、LAGE及MAGE)及餐后血糖波动指标(PGS≧△t、PPGE、T总)均显著低于CSII组(P＜0.05);而CSII+ Sig组与CSII+ Aca组之间血糖波动指标的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗后比较3组△胰岛素、低血糖发生率、血糖达标率,CSII+ Sig组均偏低(P＜0.05).结论 短期CSII治疗联合应用西格列汀,其降糖效果不低于联合应用阿卡波糖,能平稳降糖,减轻该类患者全天血糖波动,有效减少△胰岛素,低血糖发生率更低.     

双C方案治疗难治性糖尿病的疗效观察

目的 观察动态血糖监测系统(CGMS)和胰岛素泵皮下持续输注系统(CSII)组成的双C方案应用在难治性糖尿病患者血糖控制中的疗效.方法 将44例血糖波动大、难治性糖尿病患者随机分为双C治疗组和每日多次胰岛素皮下注射(MDI)组.比较2组治疗2周后血糖控制情况、达标时间、胰岛素用量、血糖波动幅度、低血糖发生情况等.结果 ...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.