血清脂联素水平与2型糖尿病、胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的:探讨血清脂联素与胰岛素抵抗、2型糖尿病的相关性.方法:以我院诊治的89例2型糖尿病患者(观察组)和90例年龄、性别与体质量指数(BMI)相匹配的体检健康者(对照组),测定血清脂联素(APN)、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)及三酰甘油(TG)的水平,并计算所得胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),比较上述指标在两组中的检测水平.分析血清脂联素与胰岛素抵抗、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素的相关性.结果:观察组血清脂联素水平(3.98±1.34) mg/L,显著低于对照组(6.19±1.06) mg/L(P＜0.01),观察组的FPG、FINS、HOMA-R、TC、TG水平均高于对照组(P＜0.05),差异有统计学意义;Pearson相关分析显示,观察组患者血清脂联素水平与BMI、FPG、FINS、HOMA-R、HDL-C、TC、TG(均P＜0.05)呈负相关.Partial相关分析消除BMI因素影响显示,观察组的脂联素水平只与FPG、FINS、HOMA-R(均P＜0.05)呈负相关;对照组的脂联素水平与FPG、FINS、HOMA-R(均P＞0.05)无相关性.结论:低水平的脂联素参与胰岛素抵抗及2型糖尿病的发生.     

2型糖尿病患者血清瘦素、脂联素与胰岛素抵抗相关性研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）血清瘦素、脂联素与胰岛素抵抗的相关性。方法选取2型糖尿病患者138例,正常对照组80例,检测体重、身高、空腹血糖（FPG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、胆固醇（TC）、甘油三脂（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）以及血清瘦素、脂联素。结果 （1）血清脂联素水平与FPG、BMI、HOMA-IR呈负相关。瘦素与BMI、FPG及HOMA-IR呈正相关。（2）多元线性逐步回归分析显示：FPG、FINS、BMI、脂联素、瘦素是影响2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的主要危险因素。结论瘦素、脂联素与2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗密切相关,它们可能直接参与2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的发生。     

2型糖尿病患者血浆脂联素水平及其影响因素

目的 了解2型糖尿病患者血浆脂联素水平与体重指数(BMI)、血浆胰岛素水平、游离脂肪酸(FFA)及血脂的相关性。方法 根据BMI水平将51名2型糖尿病患者分为肥胖2型糖尿病组(BMI≥25kg/m2)、正常体重2型糖尿病组,将28名正常体重非糖尿病者设为对照组。以ELISA法测定脂联素和FFA,化学发光法测定空腹胰岛素(FINS),同时测定空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2HPG)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),计算低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。结果 肥胖2型糖尿病组脂联素水平显著低于非肥胖2型糖尿病组和对照组(P<0.05),后两组脂联素水平无差异。单因素相关分析显示脂联素与BMI及TG负相关,相关系数分别为-0.3459(P<0.01)和-0.3603(P<0.01),与FFA等无相关性。包括年龄、BMI、HDL-C、LDL-C、TG、TC、FPG、FINS、FFA和HOMA-IR的多因素回归分析显示,BMI和TG对脂联素的影响相当。结论 不同BMI个体的脂联素水平具有差异,在正常BMI范围内的2型糖尿病患者与非糖尿病者血浆脂联素水平差异无显著性。胰岛素抵抗程度对脂联素无明显影响。TG和BMI是一组很好的评估脂联素水平和作用的指标。     

妊娠期糖尿病患者血清脂联素与胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

目的研究妊娠期糖尿病（gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM）患者血清脂联素（APN）与胰岛素抵抗的相关性。方法选择我院2010月6月～2011年6月40例GDM患者作为观察对象（GDM组）,2型糖尿病（T2DM）组（T2DM组）为同期在我院内分泌科住院患者,均为女性,共40例,另选择同期入院的健康孕妇40例作为正常对照组,比较各组的体质量指数（body mass index,BMI）、空腹血糖（fasting plasma glucose,FPG）、三酰甘油（triglyceride,TG）、总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、空腹胰岛素（fasting in-sulin,FINS）、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA insulin resistance index,HOMA-IR）、APN的变化,以及将GDM患者APN为应变量,与BMI、TG、HDL-C、FINS、HOMA-IR等变量进行直线相关分析。结果 T2DM组、GDM组的BMI、FPG、TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、FINS、HOMA-IR、APN分别与正常对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。T2DM组与GDM组的BMI、FPG、TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、FINS、HOMA-IR、APN分别比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。血清APN水平与BMI、TG、HDL-C、FINS、HOMA-IR呈显著负相关。结论 GDM患者APN水平降低与胰岛素抵抗关系密切,检测GDM患者的APN对指导临床GDM的治疗具有重要意义。     

2型糖尿病家系胰岛素抵抗与血清抵抗素水平的相关性研究

目的 了解2型糖尿病家系人群胰岛素抵抗与血清抵抗素水平的相关性,初步阐述抵抗素在胰岛素抵抗发病机制中的作用.方法 检测2型糖尿病家系一级亲属89例(实验组)的血清抵抗素、血脂、胰岛素等水平,并与血糖正常的非糖尿病家系者(对照组)进行对比分析,考察其血清抵抗素水平变化与胰岛素抵抗的相关性.结果 2型糖尿病家系一级亲属FINS、2h INS、TG、血清抵抗素、HOMA-IR的水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),一级亲属的HDL-C水平显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),两组的FPG、2h PG、TC、LDL-C水平的比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05).血清抵抗素与BMI、FINS、2h INS、TC、HOMA-IR呈正相关(P＜0.01),与2h PG呈负相关(P＜0.05),与FPG、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C无显著相关性(P＞0.05).BMI、FPG、2h PG、血清抵抗素为2型糖尿病家系一级亲属胰岛素抵抗的危险因素.结论 2型糖尿病家系血糖正常的一级亲属存在显著的胰岛素抵抗,其抵抗素对胰岛素抵抗程度有明显的影响.     

血清脂联素、瘦素与2型糖尿病的关系

目的探讨血清脂联素、瘦索与2型糖尿病的关系。方法选择本院诊治的86例2型糖尿病患者（观察组）和90例年龄、性别与体质量指数（BMl）相匹配的体检健康者（对照组）,测定血清脂联素、瘦素、空腹血糖（FPG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、总胆固醇（TC）及三酰甘油（TG）的水平并计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA—IR）,比较上述指标在两组中的检测水平。结果观察组血清脂联素水平（3.98±1.34）mg/L,显著低于对照组（6.19±1.06）mg/L（P〈0.01）,观察组的FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR、TC、TG水平均高于对照组（P〈0.05）,差异有统计学意义：瘦素在两组中比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。Pearson相关分析显示,观察组患者血清脂联素水平与瘦素、BMI、FPGF、INS、HOMA-IR、TC及TG（均P〈0.05）呈负相关。消除BMI因素影响的Partial相关分析显示,观察组的脂联素水平只与FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR（均P〈0.05）呈负相关：对照组的脂联素水平与FPG、FINS、HOMA—IR、TC及TG（均P〉0.05）无相关性：两组的瘦素水平亦与FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR、TC及TG（均P〉0.05）无相关性。结论低水平的脂联素参与了胰岛素抵抗及糖尿病的发生,而瘦素可能只参与了脂肪的调节。     

Correlation analysis between microalbuminuria, insulin resistance, hemorheological property and adiponectin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)微量蛋白尿(UAE)与胰岛素抵抗、血液流变学、脂联素(APN)、血脂的关系.方法 分析住院T2DM患者95例,根据尿蛋白排泄率(UAER)分为三组:A组(UAER＜20 μg/min),B组(UAER 20～200μg/min),C组(UAER＞200 μg/min).各组分别进行UAE、血液流变学、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、血脂及APN等测定.结果 B组与A组比较,ηp、Hct、Fg升高较明显(P＜0.05),ηb、FPG、FINS、HbA1c、APN升高极其明显(P＜0.01).C组与A组比较,TC、TG、LDL-C、APOA、APO-B、LP-αηb、ηp、Hct、Fg、FPG、FINS、HbAtc、APN均升高,HDL-C、APOA降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).C组与B组比较TC、LDL-C、Hct、APN差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),MOMA-IR明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 在糖尿病患者中血液流变学异常、胰岛素抵抗、低APN水平和脂质异常可能是促进糖尿病肾病微血管损害的不良因素.     

2型糖尿病大血管病变中血浆脂联素的变化

目的 探讨2型糖尿病及糖尿病大血管病变中血浆脂联素(adiponectin,APN)的变化及相关性.方法 选取健康对照组42例(G1组),单纯2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者43例(G2组),2型糖尿病合并下肢动脉病变组39例(G3组).对所有研究对象常规行空腹血糖(FPG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、三酰甘油(TG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、空腹C肽(C-P)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)和血浆APN水平测定,计算体质指数(BMI)及胰岛素敏感指数(ISI),并对各组间临床指标进行比较,对各指标与脂联素水平的相关性进行相关分析.结果 2型糖尿病患者FPG,TG,HDL,FINS,BMI,C-P,APN和HbAlc水平明显高于对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);APN,C-P水平及ISI值糖尿病合并大血管病变组明显低于单纯糖尿病组和对照组(P＜0.01);2型糖尿病患者血浆APN水平与下肢血管病变、FPG,C-P.TG及BMI呈显著负相关,与HDL及ISI呈显著正相关.结论 血浆APN在2型糖尿病患者中明显降低,合并大血管病变患者降低更明显,提示血浆APN水平降低可能是发生糖尿病及糖尿病大血管病变的一个独立危险因素.     

老年2型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝与IMT的关系

目的探讨老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并非酒精性脂肪肝的发生与颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的关系。方法对98例老年2型糖尿病患者,根据有无合并非酒精性脂肪肝分为合并脂肪肝组和非脂肪肝组,记录患者身高、体重、腰围、臀围,测定空腹血糖(FBG)、血总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)、APOA、APOB、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、IMT,计算体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。结果老年2型糖尿病合并脂肪肝组BMI、WHR、FINS、HOMA-IR、LDL-C、TG、IMT较非脂肪肝组升高(P0.05),而FBG、TC、HDL-C、APOA、APOB两组差别无显著性(P0.05)。结论老年2型糖尿病合并脂肪肝组更易出现血脂异常、胰岛素抵抗及动脉粥样硬化。     

2型糖尿病大血管病变与血浆脂联素的相关研究

目的　探讨2型糖尿病及糖尿病大血管病变中血浆脂联素(adiponectin,APN)的变化及相关性。方法　选取健康对照组42例（G1组）,单纯2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者43例（G2组）,2型糖尿病合并下肢动脉病变组39例（G3组）。对所有研究对象常规行空腹血糖(FPG)、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、甘油三酯(TG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹C肽（C-P）、空腹胰岛素(FINS)和血浆APN水平测定,计算体质指数(BMI)及胰岛素敏感指数(ISI),并对各组间临床指标进行比较,对各指标与脂联素水平的相关性进行相关分析。结果 与对照组比较,2型糖尿病患者FPG、TG、HDL、FINS、BMI、C-P、APN和HbA1c水平明显高于对照组( P＜0.05或P＜0.01),APN、C-P水平及ISI值糖尿病合并大血管病变组明显低于单纯糖尿病组和对照组(P＜0.01);2型糖尿病病人血浆APN水平与下肢血管病变、FPG、C-P、TG及BMI显著负相关,与HDL及ISI呈显著正相关。结论:血浆APN在2型糖尿病患者中明显降低,合并大血管病变患者降低更明显,提示血浆APN水平降低可能是发生糖尿病及糖尿病大血管病变的一个独立危险因素。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.