1,3-β-D-葡聚糖检测对糖尿病并发深部真菌感染诊断价值

目的评价以血浆1,3-β-D-葡聚糖检测来诊断糖尿病急性并发症合并深部真菌感染的价值。方法以G试验方法定量检测糖尿病急性并发症合可疑并深部真菌感染的患者血浆1,3-β-D-葡聚糖浓度;比较其与真菌培养法的差异。结果 50例可疑深部真菌感染糖尿病急性并发症患者,经真菌培养阳性结果 26例,阳性率为52.0%;血浆1,3-β-D-葡聚糖测法阳性35例,阳性率70.0%,血浆1,3-β-D-葡聚糖检测法阳性率明显高于真菌培养法（χ2=7.11,P〈0.05）。深部真菌感染培养阳性组血浆1,3-β-D-葡聚糖浓度为（83.64士31.85）ng/l,健康对照组浓度为（5.097±0.2548）ng/l,深部真菌感染组血浆1,3-β-D-葡聚糖浓度明显高于正常对照组（P〈0.001）。结论利用G试验定量检测血浆1,3-β-D-葡聚糖,方法简便,结果稳定,阳性率高,可用于糖尿病急性并发症合并深部真菌感染的早期快速诊断。     

血浆（1-3）-β-D-葡聚糖检测儿童深部真菌感染诊断的临床研究

目的探讨血清（1-3）-β-D-葡聚糖检测对深部真菌感染的诊断价值。方法对46可疑真菌感染儿童应用MB-80微生物动态快速检测系统及GKT-5MSet动态真菌检测试剂盒定量检测血清中（1-3）-β-D-葡聚糖的含量,比较其与真菌培养法的差异。结果 46例可疑深部真菌感染儿童,真菌培养法20例阳性,阳性率为43.5%;血清（1-3）-β-D-葡聚糖检测法阳性28例,阳性率60.9%,血清（1-3）-β-D-葡聚糖检测法阳性率明显高于真菌培养法（=8.0000,P=0.0047）。深部真菌感染培养阳性组血清（1-3）-β-D葡聚糖含量为（86.46±23.68）pg/ml,深部真菌感染培养阴性组血清（1-3）-β-D-葡聚糖含量为（38.24±19.35）pg/ml,20例健康对照组两法均为阴性,深部真菌感染组血清（1-3）-β-D-葡聚糖浓度明显高于正常对照组（F=117.8,P=0.0000）,而且深部真菌感染培养阳性组血清（1-3）-β-D-葡聚糖浓度亦明显高于深部真菌感染培养阴性组（t=-5.5375,P=0.0000）。结论血清（1-3）-β-D-葡聚糖检测较传统的真菌培养法简便、快速、阳性率高,可用于儿童深部真菌感染的早期快速诊断。     

(1-3)-β-D-葡聚糖动态监测在测新生儿深部真菌感染诊断价值的评价

目的:探讨血清(1-3)-β-D-葡聚糖对新生儿深部真菌感染的诊断价值。方法:对46例临床疑似真菌感染新生儿采用MB-80微生物动态快速检测系统及GKT-5M Set动态真菌检测试剂盒定量检测血清中(1-3)-β-D-葡聚糖的含量,比较其与真菌培养法的差异。结果:46例可疑深部真菌感染新生儿,真菌培养法20例阳性,阳性率为43.5%;血清(1-3)-β-D-葡聚糖检测法阳性28例,阳性率为60.9%,血清(1-3)-β-D-葡聚糖检测法检出率明显高于真菌培养法(χ2=8.0000,P=0.0047)。感染组血清(1-3)-β-D-葡聚糖浓度明显高于正常对照组[(86.46±23.68)pg/ml与(38.24±19.35)pg/ml;F=117.8,P=0.0000),而且培养阳性组血清(1-3)-β-D-葡聚糖浓度亦明显高于培养阴性组(t=-5.5375,P=0.0000)。结论:血清(1-3)-β-D-葡聚糖检测是一种早期、快速诊断新生儿深部真菌感染的方法。     

G实验对深部真菌感染诊断作用的探讨

目的:研究血浆(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖[(1,3)-β-D glucan,BG]对深部真菌感染的诊断价值。方法:收集80例临床疑似深部真菌感染患者,应用MB-80微生物动态快速检测系统抽血作血浆(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖检测。同一时间抽取患者血液和留取患者的痰或中段尿标本进行真菌培养。结果:血浆(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖的阳性率66.0%,真菌培养阳性率51%。结论:血浆(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖比真菌培养更早、更灵敏地反映深部真菌的早期感染。     

血浆(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖定量检测对深部真菌感染早期诊断的价值

目的:探讨血浆(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖定量检测对深部真菌感染早期诊断的价值。方法:采用MB-80微生物动态快速检测系统以及GKT-1MSet动态真菌检测试剂盒定量检测血浆中(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖含量,并与传统真菌培养法作比较,研究(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖定量检测在深部真菌感染早期诊断中的价值。结果:58例疑似深部真菌感染患者中,血浆(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖检测阳性为40例,阳性率为68.97%,含量为(70.25±48.88)pg/ml,阴性为18例,含量为(8.53±2.32)pg/ml。经t检验分析,阳性组含量明显高于阴性组(t=2.023,P<0.05);同时传统真菌培养法检测阳性为29例,阳性率为50.00%,血浆(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖定量检测阳性率明显高于传统真菌培养法(χ2=33.621,P<0.05)。结论:血浆(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖定量检测方法简便、快速,阳性率高,可用于深部真菌感染的早期诊断。     

血浆(1,3)-β-D葡聚糖检测侵袭性肺部真菌感染的早期诊断意义

目的:探讨血浆(1,3)-β-D葡聚糖检测对侵袭性肺部真菌感染早期诊断的意义。方法:应用MB-80微生物快速动态检测系及GKT-5MSet动态真菌检测试剂盒定量检测血浆中(1,3)-β-D葡聚糖的含量,并进行统计学分析。结果:87例真菌培养阳性且结合临床确诊为侵袭性肺部真菌感染患者血浆(1,3)-β-D葡聚糖定量检测有82例阳性,阳性率为94.25%,血浆(1,3)-β-D葡聚糖含量为65.0±21.25 pg/ml,阴性对照组为4.0±1.84 pg/ml。两组数据经t检验,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:血浆(1,3)-β-D葡聚糖检测方法具有早期、快速、简便、灵敏度和特异度高的优点,可为侵袭性肺部真菌感染疾病的早期诊断和疗效判断提供一定的参考依据。     

降钙素原和1，3-β-D葡聚糖联合检测诊断ICU危重患者深部真菌感染的价值

目的：探讨降钙素原(PCT)和1,3-β-D葡聚糖(G试验)联合检测诊断ICU危重患者深部真菌感染的价值。方法将我院2012年11月至2014年8月确诊为深部真菌感染的ICU危重患者106例作为真菌组,非深部真菌感染者519例为对照组,分别进行血清PCT和1,3-β-D葡聚糖含量检测,以配对t检验比较结果的差异性。结果真菌组血清中PCT和1,3-β-D葡聚糖含量分别为(0.701±0.22) pg/ml和(37.82±18.43) pg/ml,明显高于对照组的(0.238±0.12) pg/ml和(14.96±4.37) pg/ml,两者结果比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);真菌组血清中PCT阳性检出率为57.5%(61/106),明显低于1,3-β-D葡聚糖阳性检出率[89.6%(95/106)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 ICU深部真菌感染危重患者血清中的PCT和1,3-β-D葡聚糖含量均明显高于ICU非深部真菌感染的危重患者,PCT和1,3-β-D葡聚糖联合检测对ICU危重病患者深部真菌感染诊断有重要的临床意义。     

真菌（1，3）-β-D-葡聚糖检测在早期诊断ICU肺侵袭性真菌感染中的临床价值

目的探讨真菌(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖检测(G试验)在早期诊断ICU肺侵袭性真菌感染(IFI)中的临床价值。方法选择2014年1月～2017年1月入住浙江省湖州市中心医院呼吸重症监护病房(RICU)和急诊重症监护病房(EICU)108例怀疑为肺部侵袭性真菌感染患者,根据出院时临床诊断分为IFI组(42例)和非IFI组(66例),使用G试验检测两组患者入院当天的真菌(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖浓度,并与传统的真菌培养方法比较。结果 IFI组G试验值为(78.7±32.1)pg/mL,明显高于非IFI组(9.6±4.2)pg/mL,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);IFI组患者中,G试验阳性率高达81.0%,高于真菌培养检验方法(66.7%),但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);血浆G试验诊断IFI的灵敏度为81.0%、特异度为92.4%、阳性预测值为87.1%、阴性预测值为88.4%,而真菌培养方法的灵敏度为66.7%、特异度为80.3%、阳性预测值为68.3%、阴性预测值为79.1%。结论血浆(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖检测(G试验)具有快速、准确、简易等特点,在ICU肺IFI早期诊断中具有较突出的临床价值。     

血清（1-3）-β-D葡聚糖早期诊断深部真菌感染的临床价值研究

目的综合分析血清(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖早期诊断深部真菌感染的临床价值。方法选取本院2013年12月~2016年12月收治的71例疑似深部真菌感染患者作为实验组,再选取取我院71例健康体检者作为对照组。采用SPSS20.0统计学软件统计分析实验组和对照组患者的葡萄糖浓度含量、真菌培养法及血清(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖检测对深部真菌感染的阳性检出率。结果 (1)实验组培养阳性患者的血清(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖含量为(68.90±22.66)pg/mL,实验组培养阴性患者的血清(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖含量为(26.01±5.36)pg/mL,对照组血清(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖含量为(2.85±0.17)pg/mL,实验组培养阳性患者、培养阴性患者的血清(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖含量显著高于对照组(P0.05);(2)真菌培养法检测疑似深部真菌感染的阳性例数为35例、阴性例数为36例,血清(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖定量检测方法检测疑似深部真菌感染的阳性例数为60例、阴性例数为11例,血清(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖定量检测方法检测疑似深部真菌感染的阳性率显著高于真菌培养法检测方法(P0.05);(3)真菌培养法检测疑似深部真菌感染患者的敏感性、特异性分别为61.97%(44/71)、77.46%(55/71),血清(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖检测疑似深部真菌感染患者的敏感性、特异性分别为84.51%(60/71)、88.73%(63/71),真菌培养法检测疑似深部真菌感染患者的敏感性、特异性显著低于血清(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖检测方法(P0.05)。结论血清(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖早期诊断深部真菌感染的临床价值比较高,能够正确地指导临床合理用药。     

(1-3)β-D-葡聚糖水平对侵袭性肺部真菌感染的诊断效能分析

目的:探讨(1-3)β-D-葡聚糖水平对侵袭性肺部真菌感染的诊断效能。方法:选取本院2013年1月-2015年1月呼吸内科侵袭性肺部真菌感染患者119例作为真菌感染组,同期选取肺部细菌感染患者116例作为细菌感染组、健康体检者115例作为对照组,采用免疫比浊法检测支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)和血浆(1-3)β-D-葡聚糖(G试验),以真菌培养法作为IPFI的诊断金标准,分析BALF G试验、血浆G试验及联合两者G试验的诊断阳性率、阴性率、灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确度。结果:真菌感染组BALF和血浆(1-3)β-D-葡聚糖水平均明显高于细菌感染组和对照组,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中细菌感染组与对照组BALF和血浆(1-3)β-D-葡聚糖水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。真菌培养阳性99例,真菌培养阴性20例,其中真菌培养阳性者BALF和和血浆(1-3)β-D-葡聚糖水平分别为(18.45±5.01)ng/L、(90.26±6.25)ng/L;明显高于真菌培养阴性者的(2.03±0.02)ng/L、(77.94±5.01)ng/L,两者比较差异均有统计学意义(t=14.61、8.28,P<0.001)。BALF+血浆G试验对IPFI的诊断阳性率、灵敏度、阴性预测值和准确度均明显高于单独BALF G试验和血浆G试验,比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:BALF联合血浆(1-3)β-D-葡聚糖水平检测操作简便、快速,且显著提高对侵袭性肺部真菌感染的诊断阳性率、灵敏度和准确度,值得临床推广应用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.