异丙肾上腺素对豚鼠左心室流出道自律细胞电活动的影响

目的:研究异丙肾上腺素(Iso)对豚鼠左心室流出道自律细胞电活动的影响以及心得安对Iso的拮抗作用。方法:采用标准玻璃微电极细胞内记录技术,分别观测了1μmol/L、10μmol/L、100μmol/LIso对离体豚鼠左心室流出道组织自发慢反应电位的影响,以及心得安(5μmol/L)对Iso(100μmol/L)作用的拮抗。观测指标有:最大舒张电位(MDP)、动作电位幅度(APA)、0相最大除极速度(Vmax)、4相自动除极速度(VDD)、复极50%(APD50)和90%(APD90)时间以及自发放电频率(RPF)。结果:11μmol/LIso可使RPF显著加快(P<0.05);210μmol/LIso灌流时,RPF和VDD明显加快(P<0.05),Vmax加速(P<0.05),APA显著增大(P<0.05);3100μmol/LIso可使RPF和VDD显著加快(P<0.01),Vmax加速(P<0.01),APA和MDP绝对值显著增大(P<0.01),APD50和APD90明显缩短(P<0.01);45μmol/L心得安可拮抗100μmol/LIso的效应,使RPF和VDD显著减慢(P<0.01),Vmax减慢(P<0.05),APA降低(P<0.01),MDP绝对值减小(P<0.05),APD50和APD90明显延长。结论:Iso可提高豚鼠左心室流出道组织的自律性,这种效应表现为浓度依赖性,心得安可拮抗Iso的效应。     

H2S对豚鼠左心室流出道自律细胞电活动的影响※

目的:探讨硫化氢(H2S)对豚鼠左心室流出道自律细胞电生理特性的影响.方法:用标准微电极细胞内记录技术,观测硫化氢对左心室流出道自发慢反应电位的影响.观测指标:最大舒张电位(MDP)、动作电位幅度(APA)、0相最大去极速度(Vmax)、4相自动去极速度(VDD)、复极80%和90%时间(APD80and APD90)以及自发放电频率(RPF).结果:①50μmol/LNaHS灌流后,RPF和VDD减慢(P＜0.05).②100μmol/LnaHS与对照组比较,除使RPF和VDD减慢(P＜0.01)外,APA显著减小(P＜0.01).③200μmol/L NaHS与对照组比较,除使RPF和VDD减慢(P＜0.01)外,APA显著减小(P＜0.01)、MDP的绝对值显著减小(P＜0.05)、APA显著减小(P＜0.01).200μmol/L与50μmol/LNaHS比较,RPF、VDD显著减慢(P＜0.01)、APA显著减小(P＜0.01)、MDP的绝对值显著减小(P＜0.05).④400μmol/L NaHS与对照组比较,除使RPF和VDD减慢(P＜0.01)外,APA显著减小(P＜0.01)、MDP的绝对值显著减小(P＜0.01)、APA显著减小(P＜0.01).400μmol/L与50μmol/LNaHS比较,RPF、VDD显著减慢(P＜0.01)、APA和MDP的绝对值显著减小(P＜0.01).400μmol/L NaHS与100μmol/LNaHS比较,APA和MDP的绝对值显著减小(P＜0.01).结论:H2S可降低左心室流出道组织的自律性.     

乙酰胆碱对豚鼠左心室流出道电生理效应的研究

目的探讨乙酰胆碱(acetylcholine,ACh)和阿托品(atropine)对豚鼠左心室流出道自律细胞电生理特性的影响。方法用标准玻璃微电极细胞内记录技术,观测ACh和阿托品对豚鼠左心室流出道自发慢反应电位的影响。观测指标:最大舒张电位(MDP)、动作电位幅度(APA)、0期最大除极速度(Vmax)、4期自动除极速度(VDD)、复极50%(APD50)和90%(APD90)时间以及自发放电频率(RPF)。结果1μmol/LACh可使左心室流出道自发慢反应电位Vmax减慢(P<0.05),其余指标差异无显著性;10μmol/LACh灌流标本后,自发慢反应电位Vmax(P<0.01)和VDD(P<0.05)显著减慢;100μmol/LACh可使RPF和VDD显著减慢(P<0.05),APA显著降低(P<0.01),Vmax明显减慢(P<0.01),APD50显著缩短(P<0.05);100μmol/L阿托品可拮抗100μmol/LACh所致的自发慢反应电位APD50的缩短(P<0.05)。结论ACh可降低左心室流出道组织的自律性,阿托品可拮抗ACh对APD50的缩短效应。     

H2S对豚鼠左心室流出道自律细胞电活动的影响

目的：探讨硫化氢（H2S）对豚鼠左心室流出道自律细胞电生理特性的影响。方法：用标准微电极细胞内记录技术，观测硫化氢对左心室流出道自发慢反应电位的影响。观测指标：最大舒张电位（MDP）、动作电位幅度（APA）、0相最大去极速度（Vmax）、4相自动去极速度（VDD）、复极80％和90％时间（APD80andAPD90）以及自发放电频率（RPF）。结果：①50／μmol／LNaHS灌流后，RPF和VDD减慢（P〈0．05）。②100μmol／LnaHS与对照组比较，除使RPF和VDD减慢（P〈0．01）外，APA显著减小（P〈O．01）。③200μmol／LNaHS与对照组比较，除使RPF和VDD减慢（P〈0．01）外，APA显著减小（P〈0．01）、MDP的绝对值显著减小（P〈0．05）、APA显著减小（P〈0．01）。200μmol／L与50／μmol／LNaHS比较，RPF、VDD显著减慢（P〈0．01）、APA显著减小（P〈0．01）、MDP的绝对值显著减小（P〈0．05）。④400μmol／LNaHS与对照组比较，除使RPF和VDD减慢（尸〈0．01）外，APA显著减小（尸〈0．01）、MDP的绝对值显著减小（P〈0．01）、APA显著减小（P〈0．01）。400μmol／L与50／μmol／LNaHS比较，RPF、VDD显著减慢（P〈0．01）、APA和MDP的绝对值显著减小（P〈0．01）。400μmol／LNaHS与100μmol／LNaHS比较，APA和MDP的绝对值显著减小（P〈0．01）。结论：H2S可降低左心室流出道组织的自律性。     

离子通道阻断剂对家兔左心室流出道的电生理效应

目的:研究左心室流出道自律性及其电生理特性。方法:本实验利用常规的玻璃微电极细胞内记录技术,观察了常规离子通道阻断剂对离体家兔左心室流出道慢反应自律细胞的电生理特性的影响,重点探讨了该部位自律细胞的0期、4期去极离子流。结果:1用1.2mmol/L河豚毒(TTX)使动作电位幅值(APA)、0期最大除极速率(Vmax)与给药前相比明显减小(P<0.05),舒张期除极速率(VDD)和自发放电频率(RPF)均明显减慢(P<0.01);2用0.5μmol/L维拉帕米(VER)灌流后APA、Vmax、最大舒张电位(MDP)绝对值、VDD、RPF均明显下降,复极90%时间(APD90)延长(P<0.05);3用120μmol/L氯化镍(NiCl2)灌流,VDD明显下降,APA、Vmax、RPF也显著降低;4给予2mmol/L4-氨基吡啶(4-AP)后VDD明显增快,MDP绝对值、APA、Vmax显著下降,APD90明显延长(P<0.05);5给予1.5mmol/L氯化铯(CsCl)后VDD及RPF均明显变慢(P<0.05)。结论:1Ca2+流为兔左心室流出道自律细胞0期去极主要离子流,并有少量Na+内流参与;24期自动除极以K+外流衰减为主,另外,ICa-T、ICa-L及If在起搏电流中也起一定作用。     

儿茶酚胺对豚鼠左心室流出道自律性电活动的影响

目的:探讨儿茶酚胺( CA)对豚鼠左心室流出道自律细胞电生理特性的影响。方法:用标准玻璃微电极细胞内记录技术,观测去甲肾上腺素( NE)、肾上腺素( E)和异丙肾上腺素( Iso)对左心室流出道自发慢反应电位的影响。观测指标:MDP、APA、Vmax、VDD、APD50 和APD90 时间以及RPF。结果:1 1 0 0 μmol/ L NE灌流后,RPF和VDD加快( P<0 .0 5 ) ,APD50 缩短( P<0 .0 1 ) ;2 1 0 0 μmol/ L E可使RPF( P<0 .0 1 )和VDD( P<0 .0 5 )加快,APA显著增大( P<0 .0 1 ) ,APD50 ( P<0 .0 1 )和APD90 ( P<0 .0 5 )缩短;3 1 0 0 μmol/ L Iso可使RPF和VDD显著加快( P<0 .0 1 ) ,MDP绝对值和APA显著增大,Vmax加速,APD50 和APD90 缩短。结论:CA可提高左心室流出道组织的自律性     

普罗帕酮对豚鼠左心室流出道自律细胞与心室肌细胞电生理效应影响

目的:探讨普罗帕酮对心脏左心室流出道自律细胞与心室肌细胞电生理效应的影响。方法:应用常规的玻璃微电极细胞内记录技术,观察普罗帕酮对豚鼠左心室流出道自律细胞与心室肌细胞动作电位0相幅值(APA),最大除极速率(Vm ax),动作电位时程(APD),50%复极化时间(D50),90%复极化时间(D90)以及左心室流出道自律细胞最大除极速率(Vm ax)与自发电活动频率(HR)。结果:①用0.5μm o l/L的普罗帕酮灌流后与正常对照组相比左心室流出道自律细胞自发电活动频率(HR)显著下降(P<0.01);②用1μm o l/L的普罗帕酮灌流后与正常对照组相比左心室流出道自律细胞动作电位0幅值(APA)下降(P<0.05),动作电位时程(APD)及50%复极化时间(D50)升高(P<0.05),自发电活动频率(HR)显著下降(P<0.01);用1μm o l/L的普罗帕酮灌流对心室肌细胞的电生理效应影响并不明显。③用5μm o l/L的普罗帕酮灌流后左心室流出道自律细胞电生理活动减弱或消失;用5μm o l/L的普罗帕酮灌流后与正常对照组相比对心室肌细胞动作电位0幅值(APA)下降(P<0.05),动作电位时程(APD)及50%复极化时间(D50)升高(P<0.05)。④用10μm o l/L的普罗帕酮灌流后与正常对照组相比对心室肌细胞动作电位0幅值(APA)下降(P<0.05),动作电位时程(APD)明显升高(P<0.01),50%复极化时间(D50)及90%复极化时间(D90)升高(P<0.05)。结论:普罗帕酮能抑制左心室流出道自律细胞与心室肌细胞的动作电位0幅值,延长动作电位时程;使左心室流出道自律细胞自发电活动频率下降。     

Cs对家兔窦房结和主动脉前庭的电生理效应

目的：探讨CsCl对心脏慢反应自律细胞的电生理效应。方法：应用细胞内微电极记录技术，观察了16例家兔窦房结和主动脉前庭（左心室流出道）自律细胞动作电位的特征。以分析CsCl对窦房结和流出道自律细胞作用的异同。结果：给予2mmol/LCsCl灌流后，两自律细胞自发慢反应电位的VDD及RPF均明显减慢（P＜0.05),10min左右达到最大效应，而MDP、APA、Vmax、APD、APD50、APD90与正常对照比均无明显差别（P＞0.05)。结论：CsCl对窦房结起搏细胞和主动脉前庭自律细胞的起搏离子流有明显抑制作用。     

伊布利特对低钾诱发豚鼠心律失常的电生理效应

目的:探讨伊布利特对低钾性左心室流出道慢反应自律细胞电生理的影响。方法:应用常规玻璃微电极细胞内记录技术,观察正常灌流液、低钾灌流液、低钾+伊布利特(0.01mg/ml)灌流液对豚鼠左心室流出道慢反应自律细胞最大舒张电位(MDP),动作电位0相幅值(APA),50%复极化时间(APD50),90%复极化时间(APD90),4相自动去极速度(Vmax),自发放电频率(RPF)的影响。结果:与正常对照组相比,低钾灌流液组左心室流出道慢反应自律细胞20min后APD50、APD90均明显缩短(P<0.05);APA、Vmax、RPF显著变快(P<0.01),并出现心律不齐;在低钾灌流液组中加入伊布利特可明显延缓APD50、APD90(P<0.05);并使APA缩短、Vmax、RPF逐渐变慢(P<0.01),稳定20min后,RPF基本恢复正常的节律。结论:低钾可明显影响豚鼠左心室流出道慢反应自律细胞电活动,使其自律性发生改变,而伊布利特能拮抗低钾诱发的心律失常,降低诱发所导致的自发放电频率的升高,提示伊布利特对治疗低钾性左心室流出道慢反应自律细胞异常电生理所诱发的心律失常有显著疗效。     

家兔左心室流出道电生理特性的研究

目的探讨左心室流出道电生理特性及其与心律失常的关系。方法该实验利用常规的玻璃微电极细胞内记录技术。观察了钾离子浓度、低氧及pH等对离体家兔左心室流出道慢反应自律细胞的电生理特性的影响。结果用2．5mmol／L K^＋灌流，可使最大舒张电位（MDP）、动作电位幅值（APA）、0相最大除极速率（Vmax）明显减小（P〈0．05），自发放电频率（1KPF）明显加快（P〈0．01），而且表现为一过性心律失常。用6．5mmol／L K^＋灌流后，MDP、APA、Vmax及舒张期除极速率（VDD）均显著减小，1KPF明显减慢（P〈0．05），在灌流中自发节律不稳定，变异较大。无糖低氧液灌流10min，该自发慢反应电位的VDD及RPF明显变慢（P〈0．01），分别用pH5．5和pH8．5的灌流液后，表现为心动过速、过缓等心律失常，而其电位的形态及其他指标无显著变化。结论低氧、K^＋水平及pH高低均可影响家兔左心室流出道自律性电活动，使其自律性发生改变，笔者认为这可能与临床上起源于心室流出道的心律失常有关，这将为临床诊断和治疗流出道心律失常提供理论依据。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.