十二指肠旷置术治疗十二指肠乳头旁憩室致胆管炎的探讨

目的 探讨十二指肠旷置术治疗十二指肠乳头旁憩室致胆管炎的效果。方法 采用旷置十二指肠的3种术式,即胃空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术、毕Ⅱ式胃空肠吻合术、十二指肠空肠吻合术对42例十二指肠旁憩室所致胆管炎进行外科治疗。效果 本组42例术后均无胆管炎复发,无严重并发症的发生。随访1～10年,无吻合口狭窄、溃疡、术后营养不良等并发症的发生。胃空肠Roux-en-Y手术后4例有轻度术后滞留综合征,经对症处理后可缓解。结论 采用十二指肠旷置术治疗十二指肠乳头旁憩室的3种术式治疗效果满意,可根据患者的实际情况选用。     

胆总管十二指肠吻合术后再手术的原因及处理

目的　探讨胆总管十二指肠吻合术 (Choledochoduodenostomy ,CDD)后再手术的原因和处理措施以及再手术方式的选择。方法　对 1 8例CDD后再手术的临床资料进行回顾性总结和分析。结果　 1 8例再手术患者 ,改行胆总管空肠侧侧吻合术 9例 ;彻底清除原发病灶后拆除原吻合口、恢复胆道原状 ,行T管引流 3例 ;肝门狭窄成型 ,肝门空肠盆式吻合术 2例 ;胆总管囊肿切除肝门空肠Roux en y吻合术 2例 ;胆总管囊肿内结石清除胆总管外引流、肝方叶癌肿酒精注射 1例 ;行半胃切除胃空肠Roux en y吻合术 1例。无手术死亡病例 ,膈下感染和切口感染各 1例。随访 3～ 1 5年 ,除 1例再手术半年后因肝方叶肝癌死亡外 ,其余临床症状基本消失。结论　CDD要严格掌握手术适应证 ,原发病变必须处理彻底清除 ,采用十二指肠低位、吻合口大于 2cm ,粘膜对粘膜单层间断外翻缝合 ,吻合口以远胆总管盲端清除潴留异物后予以缝闭 ,才能提高CDD的效果、降低再手术率     

先天性胆总管囊肿再次手术

目的：探讨先天性胆总管囊肿再次手术原因及术式的选择。方法：对15例先天性胆总管囊肿再次手术进行回顾性分析。结果：再次手术的原因是囊肿切除发生癌变3例；囊肿未切除形成结石4例；囊肿或胆管与肠道吻合口狭窄6例；返流性胆管炎1例；未切除胆囊及复发性胆囊炎6例。术式有两种，一种为间置空肠胆管十二指肠吻合术，一种为胆管空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术。结论：应遵循彻底切除囊肿和切除胆囊，选择胆管空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术是提高手术效果，防止返流性胆管炎和避免再次手术的重要环节。     

胆肠吻合术后再手术的原因及处理

目的　探讨胆肠吻合术后的再手术处理。方法　对 2 1例胆肠吻合术后再手术的原因进行总结分析。结果　胆肠吻合口狭窄、肝胆管狭窄、结石复发、胆管炎反复发作 15例 ,肠袢过长致粘连梗阻 3例、内疝 1例、结石梗阻 2例。再手术时原吻合口扩大再吻合 6例 ,肝叶切除、肝门胆管整形吻合 2例 ,拆除原吻合口、恢复正常胆流 1例 ,胆总管十二指肠吻合改胆总管空肠吻合 5例 ,胆总管T管引流 1例 ,肠袢粘连松解、内疝修补或切开取石 6例。 15例随访 6个月至 5年 ,3例仍时有右上腹疼痛、发热。结论　吻合口狭窄及游离肠袢梗阻是再手术的主要原因。应重视Oddi括约肌的生理功能 ,慎重选择胆肠吻合术。     

胆总管十二指肠吻合术后再手术的临床分析(附35例报告)

目的 探讨胆总管十二指肠吻合术（CDS）后，再手术的原因和再手术的术式选择。方法 对35例CDS术后再手术的临床资料进行回顾性分析。再手术前经内镜逆行胆道造影，GI，PTC，CT检查，明确产生症状的病因所，采用适当手术消除临床症状。结果 35例再手术的病人，改行胆肠内引流术21例，胃切除毕Ⅱ式胃空肠吻合术5例，拆除吻合口恢复胆道原状8例，其他1例。无1例手术死亡。29例随访1．5－18年，1例肝内胆管癌于1．5年后死亡。除2例改行胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术和1例改行间置空肠胆管十二指肠吻合术者经常发作胆管炎症状外，其余25例效果优良。结论 要获得CDS好的手术效果，除正常掌握CDS的操作技巧外，必须严格控制手术适应证。     

改良胆总管空肠Roux—en—Y吻合术

胆总管结石伴扩张为临床常见病,施行胆总管十二指肠侧侧吻合术,虽操作简便,但术后易并发盲端综合征、胆征性胰腺炎等,胆总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,需行胆管横断,特别是再次手术,在疤痕组织中操作更为困难。易致吻合口血供欠佳。术后可出现吻合口狭窄。而改良胆总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术仅需横行切开胆总管前壁,采用独特的吻合方法,使手术操作更为简便。不易出现吻合口狭窄,效果更为满意。     

先天性胆总管囊肿的外科治疗

目的 比较先天性胆总管囊肿不同术式的治疗效果。方法 对1985年1月-1998年12月57例先天性胆总管囊肿的术式及疗效进行分析。结果 以I型为主(44例)占77．2％。B超确诊率为84．2％。57例中,囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux—Y吻合37例,囊肿大部切除,胆管与空肠Roux—Y吻合12例。其中有14例行囊肿引流术后再次行囊肿切除术。囊肿切除术明显降低胆管炎的复发,术后随访治疗效果优良占89．1％。结论 囊肿切除、胆管与空肠Roux-y吻合术应作为胆总管囊肿的首选术式,囊肿切除困难时应尽量大部分切除,并行大口胆管肠吻合。     

胆总管囊肿再手术5例分析

目的探讨胆总管囊肿的诊治方法。方法对301例医院肝胆外科收治的5例胆总管囊肿再次手术的临床资料进行回顾性分析。本组均行囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术。结果胆总管空肠／十二指肠吻合术大多需再次手术治疗。结论胆总管囊肿治疗应首选囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合。     

不规范的胆肠吻合术11例分析

目的探讨不规范的胆肠吻合术的滥用情况及纠正方法。方法回顾性分析221例胆道损伤后行胆肠吻合术中11例不规范胆肠吻合术的情况。结果不规范的胆肠吻合术11例患者中,去功能肠管过短3例、过长1例,胆肠袢式吻合3例,胆管十二指肠吻合1例,胆管空肠侧侧吻合2例,胆管空肠吻合口闭塞1例。11例患者经我院重新手术矫正后,疗效满意。结论应该严格把握胆肠吻合术的适应证和手术方法。不规范的胆肠吻合术不仅给患者造成痛苦,而且必须再次手术纠正。     

胆肠内引流术治疗胆结石65 例疗效分析

目的：探讨三种胆肠内引流术式对胆结石的治疗效果。方法：回顾性分析2005—2010年间行胆肠内引流术的65例胆结石患者的临床资料,对3种不同胆肠吻合术式治疗肝胆管结石的效果进行对照比较。结果：65例患者行胆肠内引流术后均随访6个月至5年, 按照统一判断标准,胆总管十二指肠侧侧吻合12例,优良8例,差4例;胆总管空肠Roux-en-Y 端侧吻合26例,优良21例, 差5例;间置空肠胆总管十二指肠吻合术27例,均为优良。结论：胆肠内引流是治疗肝胆管结石并狭窄的重要方法, 其中间置空肠胆总管十二指肠吻合术较其他术式具有更好的治疗效果,但各有优点,应根据患者情况选择合理的术式。     

返流性胆管炎与胆肠吻合术

目的 探讨返流性胆管炎的病因、治疗与胆肠吻合术的关系。方法 回顾性研究74例返流性胆管炎的病因、病理、治疗方法和效果。结果 胆道返流的主要原因为胆总管十二指肠吻合(19例)或Oddi括约肌切开(2例)术后和Oddi括约肌松弛，失去抗返流功能(53例)。反复胆道返流可导致肝胆系统急慢性炎症、结石再发。行胆管空肠Roux—en—Y型吻合术38例和胃部分切除胃空肠吻合术20例，观察6年半的优良率为83％。结论 反复胆道返流与胆管炎和结石再发密切相关，通过外科手术消除或减轻胆道返流因素，可获得良好的效果。     

Cholangitis as a late complication in long-term survivors after surgery for biliary atresia

Background/purpose

A retrospective review was performed to assess the utility of diagnostic imaging (DI), efficacy of treatment, and outcome of late cholangitis in long-term survivors after surgery for biliary atresia.

Methods

Sixty-one patients surviving without liver transplantation (LTx) for more than 20 years were divided into 2 groups depending on whether cholangitis developed after age 20. Clinical factors including the type of obstruction, the age at the initial operation, and the early complication with cholangitis were compared between the 2 groups. DI such as computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging, clinical courses after treatment of cholangitis, and current status of the patients were also evaluated.

Results

Thirteen patients had cholangitis after age 20. There was no statistical difference in the clinical factors studied between the 2 groups. Abnormal DI findings including dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts and hepatic fibrosis were seen in 10 patients with late cholangitis. One patient died, and 2 ultimately underwent LTx. The remaining 10 patients including 4 with normal or near-normal liver function have survived without LTx.

Conclusions

Although the majority of the patients had potential predisposing factors for cholangitis such as dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts, a few patients unexpectedly had cholangitis without such abnormal findings after an excellent, long-term postoperative course.     

外科治疗胸腺瘤合并单纯红细胞再生障碍性贫血(附5例报告及国内文献复习)

目的：探讨国人胸腺瘤合并单纯红细胞再生障碍性贫血（PRCA）的临床特征及其外科治疗效果。方法：总结1980年至1997年间5例胸腺瘤合并PRCA病人接受胸腺瘤手术治疗的资料，并通过中国生物医学文献数据库光盘进行文献检索，对中国大陆已报道的这类病例进行文献复习和讨论。结果：本组胸腺瘤合并PRCA者占同期胸腺瘤病人的8．3％（5／60例）。全部均经胸骨正中切口切除胸腺瘤及胸腺组织和前纵隔脂肪，术后45d死亡1例，PRCA复发2例，长期生存2例，迄今为止，国内共检索出此类病人21例，术后早期PRCA情况明显改善，按术后随访满2年，且无PRCA复发征象作为手术有效标准，有效率为38．5％，结论：胸腺瘤合并PRCA是一种少见疾病，其预后取决于PRCA的缓解程度，胸腺瘤切除术对治疗PRCA是有效的，外科治疗是本病的首选治疗手段，也是其他综合性治疗方法的前提和基础。     

肝切除术为主的联合手术治疗肝内胆管结石

目的探讨肝切除术为主的联合手术治疗肝内胆管结石的方法及疗效。方法回顾分析2000年7月至2005年7月采用以肝切除为主的联合手术治疗肝内胆管结石169例的治疗效果。结果本组无手术死亡;有结石残留23例,残石率13.61%;随访145例,术后有轻度胆管炎症状者13例,占8.97%;再手术3例,手术优良率92.4%。术后并发症:本组36例发生手术并发症,发生率21.43%,包括胆瘘、肝断面感染、切口感染、胆道术后出血。结论以肝切除术为主的联合手术是治疗肝内胆管结石的有效办法,可降低残石率和复发率,提高手术疗效,肝叶、段切除是肝内胆管结石手术治疗的核心。     

Nonanastomotic biliary strictures after liver transplantation, part 2: Management, outcome, and risk factors for disease progression.

Nonanastomotic biliary strictures (NAS) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) are associated with high retransplant rates. The aim of the present study was to describe the treatment of and identify risk factors for radiological progression of bile duct abnormalities, recurrent cholangitis, biliary cirrhosis, and retransplantation in patients with NAS. We retrospectively studied 81 cases of NAS. Strictures were classified according to severity and location. Management of strictures was recorded. Possible prognostic factors for bacterial cholangitis, radiological progression of strictures, development of severe fibrosis/cirrhosis, graft survival, and patient survival were evaluated. Median follow-up after OLT was 7.9 years. NAS were most prevalent in the extrahepatic bile duct. Twenty-eight patients (35%) underwent some kind of interventional treatment, leading to a marked improvement in biochemistry. Progression of disease was noted in 68% of cases with radiological follow-up. Radiological progression was more prevalent in patients with early NAS and one or more episodes of bacterial cholangitis. Recurrent bacterial cholangitis (>3 episodes) was more prevalent in patients with a hepaticojejunostomy. Severe fibrosis or cirrhosis developed in 23 cases, especially in cases with biliary abnormalities in the periphery of the liver. Graft survival, but not patient survival, was influenced by the presence of NAS. Thirteen patients (16%) were retransplanted for NAS. In conclusion, especially patients with a hepaticojejunostomy, those with an early diagnosis of NAS, and those with NAS presenting at the level of the peripheral branches of the biliary tree, are at risk for progressive disease with severe outcome.     

先天性胆总管囊性扩张症的外科治疗(附145例报告)

目的　总结我院 3 5年外科治疗先天性胆总管囊性扩张症的经验。方法　对 1964～ 1999年共收治的 15 2例先天性胆总管囊性扩张症中接受手术治疗的 14 5例进行回顾性分析和随访。结果　 15 2例中未手术 7例 ,死亡 1例。手术治疗 14 5例 ,死亡 6例。 1岁以内出现症状、发生肝硬变和死亡例数比 1岁以上组高 (P<0 .0 5 )。单纯囊肿内引流术3 9例 (囊肿十二指肠吻合 5例、囊肿空肠Roux Y吻合 3 3例、囊肿胆囊吻合 1例 ) ,囊肿切除胆肠Roux Y吻合重建胆道10 6例 (胆支空肠袢套叠瓣或矩形瓣成形分别为 3 7例和 2 1例 ,48例未作抗返流瓣 )。获访 77例 ,平均 4.68年。获访病例生长发育良好。结论　该病早期手术肝损伤可逆转 ,预后良好 ,只要患儿能耐受应尽早选择囊肿切除胆肠Roux Y吻合套叠瓣成形胆道重建术     

关节镜下缝线捆扎配合门型钉治疗胫骨髁间嵴骨折

目的探讨关节镜下缝线捆扎配合门型钉治疗胫骨髁间嵴骨折的手术效果。方法采用关节镜下缝线捆扎配合门型钉治疗27例胫骨髁间嵴骨折患者。术后3个月采用Lysholm膝关节功能评分评价疗效。结果患者均获得随访,时间4~38个月。术后3个月内骨折均一期愈合。术后3个月根据Lysholm膝关节功能评分评价疗效:优20例,良5例,可2例,优良率25/27。1例轻度屈膝受限,1例Lachman试验弱阳性。结论关节镜下缝线捆扎配合门型钉治疗胫骨髁间嵴骨折可同时处理其他关节损伤,能较大限度恢复关节功能,是一种安全、简单、有效的手术方法。     

Recent experience with a modified Sawaguchi procedure for biliary atresia

The treatment of biliary atresia by variations of the original Kasai hepatoportoenterostomy has shown early success with good bile flow and the elimination of jaundice in 50% to 70% of cases in many series. Long-term follow-up in many of these patients shows continued problems with ascending cholangitis and progressive liver disease leading to death. Our recent experience with a modified Sawaguchi hepatoportoenterostomy is encouraging. Twelve patients were operated on before two months of age. All but one became jaundice free within 2 to 4 months and had biliary intestinal continuity reestablished within 3 to 6 months. These 11 patients have remained jaundice free with normal growth and development 1 to 8 years postoperatively. Two patients had one and two episodes of cholangitis, respectively. All have continued mild elevations of hepatocellular enzymes but no patient has obvious signs of liver failure. Serial liver biopsies have shown clearing of bile stasis and continued periportal fibrosis. Size and number of ductules in the excised biliary remnant did not correlate with clinical outcome. One patient remained jaundiced after hepatoportoenterostomy and reoperation, and eventually expired. In contrast, two patients operated at 4 and 9 months of age never drained bile and eventually died of bleeding varices and hepatic failure, respectively. The atypical success and relative lack of cholangitis in this series is not readily explained, but may be related to specific technical modifications of the original Sawaguchi procedure.     

Gamma3型髓内钉内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折76例分析

目的评估Gamma3型髓内钉内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的临床效果。方法自2010—01—2012—12采用Gamma3型髓内钉内固定治疗老年（年龄〉65岁）St骨粗隆间骨折76例,并进行随访分析。结果1例于术后40d因呼吸衰竭死亡,余75例均获得随访6—24个月,平均15个月。随访患者骨折均愈合,愈合时间10-18周,平均14周。其中2例分别出现8°、10°髋内翻畸形,1例术后1年因内科疾病死亡。术后疗效根据髋关节功能Harris评分标准评定：优37例,良31例,可5例,差2例,优良率90．7％。结论Gamma3型髓内钉内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折具有手术创伤小、手术时间短、固定牢固、术后并发症少等优点,是治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的理想内固定物。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除胆道损伤后再手术时机和选择

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）致胆管损伤（bileduct injury,BDI）的手术时机、手术方式及技巧。方法回顾性分析我院收治的21例接受手术治疗的LC后胆管损伤病例,胆管损伤Ⅰ型2例、Ⅱ型11例、Ⅲ型仅2例、Ⅳ型6例。结果本组1例术中Ⅱ型胆总管损伤,经中转开腹行胆总管修补和T管引流而治愈,术后2例出现胆漏,经充分引流后自愈。术后随访1.5～5年,无胆道狭窄及胆管炎发作。其余20例均接受了毁损的胆管切除、肝总管或左右肝管的胆肠吻合术,并获得治愈。结论LC致BDI手术仍是BDI的首选治疗。把握手术时机,避免盲目手术,及早选择有经验的专科肝胆外科医生恰当处理是提高治愈率的关键。