用β-escin穿孔膜片技术研究粉防己碱对豚鼠心室肌钙电流的作用

目的用β-escin穿孔膜片(PPR)技术研究粉防己碱(tetrandrine,Tet)对I_Ca,L和I_Ca,T的作用。方法用PPR和全细胞记录(WCR)模式记录心室肌细胞I_Ca,L和I_Ca,T。结果25 μmol·L^-1 β-escin可在心室肌细胞形成稳定的PPR模式,用此模式记录的I_Ca,L衰减明显减慢。在PPR模式下1～300 μmol·L^-1 Tet浓度依赖性地减小I_Ca,L幅值。3,30和300 μmol·L^-1 Tet对I_Ca,T的抑制率分别为(16±5)%,(40±7)%和(75±11)%。结论用25 μmol·L^-1 β-escin在豚鼠心室肌细胞能得到较稳定的PPR模式,在此模式下Tet浓度依赖性地抑制I_Ca,L和I_Ca,T。     

苄基四氢巴马汀对豚鼠心室肌细胞快激活延迟整流钾电流的作用

目的研究苄基四氢巴马汀(BTHP)对心室肌细胞快激活(I_kr)延迟整流钾电流的作用。方法 用全细胞膜片钳技术记录豚鼠心室肌细胞钾离子通道电流。结果BTHP在1～100 μmol·L^-1以浓度依赖性方式阻滞I_kr,其IC₅₀为13.5 μmol·L^-1(95%可信范围:11.2～15.8 μmol·L^-1)。30 μmol·L^-1 BTHP可使I_kr及I_kr,tail分别降低(31±4)%和(36±5)% (N=6,P<0.01)。与多数III类抗心律失常药物不同,BTHP可频率依赖性地抑制I_kr。该药主要改变I_kr的失活过程,可使I_kr的失活时间常数(τ)从(238±16) ms降至(196±14) ms,而对I_kr的激活动力学影响不大。结论BTHP对I_kr有明显的抑制作用,且其阻滞作用呈现频率依赖性特征。     

四肽FMRFa对大鼠心室肌Na+/Ca2+交换的抑制

目的　研究四肽FMRFa对大鼠单个心室肌细胞Na⁺/Ca²⁺交换的作用。方法　用膜片钳全细胞记录法测定成年大鼠心室肌细胞Na⁺/Ca²⁺交换电流(I_Na⁺/Ca²⁺)和其他离子通道电流。结果　FMRFa对大鼠心室肌细胞I_Na⁺/Ca²⁺呈浓度依赖性抑制,100μmol·L^-1浓度时抑制内向和外向I_Na⁺/Ca²⁺密度分别达60.1%和56.5%,对内向电流及外向电流的IC₅₀分别为20μmol·L^-1和34μmol·L^-1。FMRFa5μmol·L^-1抑制I_Na⁺/Ca²⁺内向和外向电流密度分别为38.7%和34.9%,但FMRFa5μmol·L^-1及20μmol·L^-1对L型钙电流、钠电流、瞬时外向电流和内向整流钾电流均无显著抑制作用。结论　FMRFa对大鼠心室肌细胞是一个特异性Na⁺/Ca²⁺交换抑制剂。     

三七皂苷Fc对SD大鼠心室肌细胞钠离子通道电流的影响

目的 探究三七皂苷Fc (notoginsenoside Fc，N-Fc)对SD大鼠心室肌细胞钠离子通道电流的影响。方法 使用Langendorff恒温恒压灌流装置通过酶解法急性分离SD大鼠心室肌细胞，采用标准全细胞膜片钳技术观察并记录不同浓度的N-Fc对大鼠心室肌细胞钠通道电流(I_Na)及其动力学特征的影响。结果 5µmol·L^–1的N-Fc对I_Na无明显影响，随着药物浓度的增加，10，20，50µmol·L^–1的N-Fc可使钠峰值电流由给药前的(–87.49±3.40) pA/pF依次下降为(–62.91±2.37)，(–49.30±1.27)，(–34.68±3.21) pA/pF (P<0.01)；I_Na的I-V曲线上移，但形态轨迹、激活电位及峰电位基本不变；I_Na的激活曲线向去极化方向迁移，半数激活电压由给药前的(–52.37 ±1.32) mV变为(–42.74 ±0.37)，(–38.92 ±2.77)，(–33.78 ±0.96) mV (P<0.05)；失活曲线显著左移，半数失活电压(V_1/2-in)由(–55.95±4.88) mV依次变为(–64.29 ±1.77)，(–69.57±3.47)，(–73.32±3.79) mV (P<0.05)；此外，N-Fc能够显著延长I_Na失活后恢复时间，时间常数τ值(给药前，10，20，50µmol·L^–1N-Fc处理后)分别为(12.50±1.17)，(21.36±2.23)，(25.35±1.25)，(34.35±1.24) ms (P<0.05)。结论 N-Fc能浓度依赖性地抑制SD大鼠心室肌细胞的I_Na，并能显著影响其激活、失活及失活后恢复的动力学特征。     

III类抗心律失常药RP58866对豚鼠及犬内向整流及瞬时外向钾电流的作用

目的:研究III类抗心律失常药RP58866 对I_K1 ,瞬时外向钾电流(Ito) 的作用。方法:用豚鼠和犬离体心肌细胞及全细胞电压钳技术。结果:在- 100 m V 时,RP58866 以浓度依赖方式明显减少了豚鼠心室肌细胞I_K1,其IC₅₀为(3-4±0-8) μmol·L^-1。在犬心室肌细胞,RP58866 可明显抑制Ito( 在100 μmol·L^-1 时减少87% ±2-1% ),其IC₅₀为(2-3±0-5) μmol·L^-1 。结论:RP58866 对心肌细胞的IK1 和Ito 均有抑制作用,而不是一种特殊的IK1抑制剂。     

阿米洛利对豚鼠心肌细胞钾电流及钙电流的作用

目的研究阿米洛利（amiloride）对豚鼠心肌细胞钾电流及钙电流的作用。方法采用全细胞膜片钳技术记录豚鼠心室肌细胞钾通道及钙通道电流。结果阿米洛利在10~100 μmol·L^-1抑制L型及T型钙电流,不改变钙电流I-V曲线的形状，仅抑制这两型电流的幅度。当累积浓度达100 μmol·L^-1时，阿米洛利轻微抑制快激活延迟整流钾电流(I_Kr)，对慢激活延迟整流钾电流(I_Ks)无影响。阿米洛利在1~100 μmol·L^-1浓度依赖性地抑制内向整流钾电流(I_K1)。结论阿米洛利抑制电压依赖性的钾、钙电流，为其抗心律失常作用提供了离子基础。     

苄基四氢巴马汀对豚鼠心室肌细胞钾电流及钙、钠电流的作用

目的：研究苄基四氢巴马汀（BTHP）对心肌细胞的作用特点,以探讨其抗心律失常机制。方法：用全细胞膜片钳技术考察BTHP对心室肌细胞钾电流及钙、钠电流的作用。结果：BTHP 30 μmol.L^-1明显阻滞延迟整流钾电流（I_K包括：I_Kr及I_Ks）。可使I_Kr及I_Kr,tail的幅值下降,且对I_Kr阻滞作用呈频率依赖性;对I_Ks及I_Ks,tail幅值也有明显的抑制作用。BTHP 200　μmol.L^-1可明显阻滞I_Ca,L,使其电流幅值降低,但对I_K1,I_Ca,T,I_Na电流均无影响。结论：BTHP可明显阻滞心室肌细胞I_Kr,I_Ks,I_Ca,L电流,且对I_Kr阻滞作用呈频率依赖性。     

氢化可的松琥珀酸钠对人和豚鼠心肌细胞钠电流的影响氢化可的松琥珀酸钠对人和豚鼠心肌细胞钠电流的影响

目的研究氢化可的松琥珀酸钠对人心房肌细胞和豚鼠心室肌细胞钠电流的影响。方法应用酶解法分离单个心肌细胞,应用全细胞膜片钳技术记录氢化可的松琥珀酸钠对钠电流的作用。结果氢化可的松琥珀酸钠(1,3,10 μmol·L^-1)浓度依赖性地抑制人心房肌细胞和豚鼠心室肌细胞钠电流,IC₅₀分别为6.97和8.74 μmol·L^-1。氢化可的松琥珀酸钠不改变i_Na的最大激活电压。氢化可的松琥珀酸钠对钠电流的抑制作用起效快,见于用药后1～3 min。结论氢化可的松琥珀酸钠浓度依赖性地抑制钠电流,此作用出现快,提示可能与非基因组效应有关。     

苄基四氢巴马汀细胞内用药对豚鼠乳头状肌动作电位和心室肌细胞延迟整流钾电流的作用

目的　研究将苄基四氢巴马汀(BTHP)导入细胞内对豚鼠乳头状肌动作电位及单个心室肌细胞延迟整流钾电流的影响。方法　利用外加电压脉冲将药物导入乳头状肌细胞内，并用标准微电极方法测定动作电位；利用浓度差扩散方式使药物进入单个心室肌细胞内，采用全细胞膜片钳技术记录延迟整流钾电流（I_K）。结果　100 μmol.L^-1 BTHP使APD₂₀和APD₉₀分别延长13.5%和20.5%。30 μmol.L^-1 BTHP使I_K和I_K,tail分别从（14.1±2.2) pA.pF^-1和(4.0±0.6) pA.pF^-1降至(9.4±1.3) pA.pF^-1和(2.1±1.0) pA.pF^-1，下降率分别为33.2%和35.3%。 该药使I_K和I_K,tail的I-V曲线幅度降低，对曲线形状影响不明显。结论　BTHP入细胞内后可阻滞延迟整流钾电流和延长动作电位时程。     

KB-R7943对豚鼠心室肌细胞Na+-Ca2+交换电流的作用

目的　观察KB-R7943对豚鼠心室肌细胞Na⁺-Ca²⁺交换电流(I_Na-Ca)的内向电流成分和外向电流成分的影响。方法　采用缺血再灌时胞内Na⁺超载的细胞模型,在同时记录内向、外向电流的双向离子条件下,用膜片钳全细胞技术,记录I_Na-Ca的电流-电压关系曲线。结果　10^-6和10^-5mol·L^-1KB-R7943,在+50mV时,对I_Na-Ca的抑制率分别是29.4%和61.7%;在-80mV时抑制率分别是22.1%和56.9%。结论　KB-R7943对豚鼠心室肌细胞I_Na-Ca有抑制作用,但对外向成分和内向成分的抑制不具选择性。     

兴奋性氨基酸及尼莫地平对培养大鼠脑皮层神经元钙电流的影响

AIM: To study the effect of excitatory amino acid (EAA) and calcium channel blocker on neuronal calcium channels. METHODS: With path-clamp technique (whole-cell recording), the effects of Bay-K-8644, cesium glutamate, potassium aspartate, and nimodipine (Nim) on calcium currents (ICa) in cultured cortical neurons of neonatal rats were studied. RESULTS: ICa was raised obviously by Bay-K-8644 and glutamate. ICa was raised concentration-dependently by aspartate (0.5, 5, 50 mmol.L-1), with increasing rates 15% +/- 3%, 37% +/- 3%, and 53% +/- 6%, respectively. The inhibition of ICa was obvious while adding Nim in the bath solution. With Nim 10 mumol.L-1, the inhibitory rate was 46% +/- 4%. CONCLUSION: EAA had increasing effects on neuronal calcium currents and Nim inhibited Ca2+ influx in neurons.     

DDPH inhibited L-type calcium current and sodium current in single ventricular myocyte of guinea pig.

AIM: To investigate the effects of 1-(2, 6-dimethylphenoxy)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl-ethylamino)propane hydrochloride (DDPH) on L-type calcium current (ICa) and sodium current (INa), and to compare its inhibitory potency with verapamil and mexiletine. METHODS: Whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to record ICa and INa in a single ventricular myocytes of guinea pig. RESULTS: (1) DDPH (3 - 300 micromol . L-1) decreased ICa at 0 mV in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 28.5 micromol . L-1 (95 % confidence limits: 14.3 - 42.7 micromol . L-1, n = 8 cells from 8 guinea pigs). Verapamil (0.3 - 30 micromol . L-1) reduced ICa with an IC50 value of 1.8 micromol . L-1 (95 % confidence limits: 1.3 - 2.3 micromol . L-1, n = 6 cells from 6 guinea pigs). Mexiletine 100 micromol . L-1 did not affect ICa (n = 5 cells from 5 guinea pigs, P > 0.05). The degree of use-dependent blocking effect of DDPH 30 micromol/L on ICa was 58 % +/- 13 % (n = 5 cells from 5 guinea pigs, P < 0.01) at 1 Hz and 76 % +/- 11 % (n = 5 cells from 5 guinea pigs, P < 0.01) at 3 Hz. (2) DDPH (20 - 320 micromol . L-1) could also block INa in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 89.0 micromol . L-1 (95 % confidence limits: 68.7 - 109.3 micromol . L-1, n = 9 cells from 9 guinea pigs). The IC50 value of mexiletine was 32.2 micromol . L-1 (95 % confidence limits: 11.7 - 52.7 micromol . L-1, n = 5 cells from 5 guinea pigs). Verapamil at the concentration of 10 micromol . L-1 did not affect INa (n = 5 cells from 5 guinea pigs, P > 0.05). The blocking effect of DDPH 80 micromol/L on INa was non use-dependent. CONCLUSION: DPH exhibited inhibitory effects on both ICa and INa, but its inhibitory effect on ICa was weaker than verapamil, and on INa was weaker than mexiletine.     

乙醇对豚鼠心室肌细胞钙钠离子通道电流的影响

目的：观察乙醇对豚鼠心室肌细胞L-型钙离子通道电流（IGLL）和电压依赖性钠离子通道电流（INa）的影响，并探讨两者在乙醇致心肌损伤中的意义。方法：采用蛋白酶消化的成年豚鼠单个心室肌细胞及膜片钳全细胞技术，记录不同浓度乙醇对ICal.和INa的作用。结果：（1）乙醇抑制ICaL峰值，24mmol/L和240mmol/L乙醇抑制率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（2）24、80、240mmol／L乙醇使ICaL的电流-电压（I-V）曲线上移，在各测试电压下，电流均减小，但不影响曲线形状，用乙醇后最大激活电压仍在0mV左右。（3）24mmol／L乙醇基本不影响I、峰值，80、240mm01]L乙醇抑制I。峰值，与24mmol／L乙醇的抑制率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（4）24mmol／L乙醇对INa的I-V曲线无明显影响。80、240mmol／L乙醇使INa的I-V曲线上移，在各测试电压下，电流均减小，曲线形状无明显改变，用药后最大激活电压仍在-30mV左右。结论：致毒浓度（24mmol／L）的乙醇对ICal.具有明显抑制作用，可导致心肌产生负性肌力作用，动作电位时程缩短，诱发心律失常。但致毒浓度（24mmol／L）的乙醇不影响INa，而致死浓度（80mmol／L）对INa有明显抑制作用。     

蝙蝠葛碱对豚鼠心室肌细胞L型钙电流阻断作用

目的：研究蝙蝠葛碱对豚鼠心室肌细胞Ｌ型钙电流的阻断作用及其特性。方法：利用全细胞记录方法，记录单个豚鼠心室肌细胞Ｌ型钙电流。结果：蝙蝠葛碱１，１０，１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１可使钙电流分别减少１５．２％±２．２％，４１％±５％，８２％±８％。冲洗后，可使钙电流部分恢复，蝙蝠葛碱具有浓度依赖性阻断钙电流的作用。在刺激频率３Ｈｚ与１Ｈｚ，其阻断钙电流的程序相似。结论：蝙蝠葛碱具有阻断Ｌ型钙电流的作用。     

酚妥拉明对豚鼠心室肌细胞L型钙电流及ATP敏感钾电流的抑制作用

目的：研究酚妥拉明对豚鼠凡肌细胞Ｌ－型钙电流及ＡＴＰ敏感钾电流的作用。方法：用膜片钳的全细胞记录方式观察钙电流和ＡＴＰ敏感钾电流。结果：酚妥拉明５，２５和１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１对钙电流呈浓度依赖性和非电压依赖性的抑制作用，抑制率分别为１７％，２３％和３０％，而对电流－电压关系没有影响。这一抑制作用与酚妥拉明对α１和α２受体的作用无关。酚妥拉明１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１可显著抑制ＤＮＰ诱导产生的ＡＴ     

四肽FMRFa对大鼠心室肌Na^＋／Ca^2＋交换的抑制

目的　研究四肽FMRFa对大鼠单个心室肌细胞Na /Ca2 交换的作用。方法　用膜片钳全细胞记录法测定成年大鼠心室肌细胞Na /Ca2 交换电流 (INa /Ca2 )和其他离子通道电流。结果　FMRFa对大鼠心室肌细胞INa /Ca2 呈浓度依赖性抑制 ,10 0 μmol·L-1浓度时抑制内向和外向INa /Ca2 密度分别达 6 0 1%和 5 6 5 % ,对内向电流及外向电流的IC50 分别为 2 0 μmol·L-1和 34μmol·L-1。FMRFa 5 μmol·L-1抑制INa /Ca2 内向和外向电流密度分别为 38 7%和 34 9% ,但FMRFa 5 μmol·L-1及 2 0 μmol·L-1对L型钙电流、钠电流、瞬时外向电流和内向整流钾电流均无显著抑制作用。结论　FMRFa对大鼠心室肌细胞是一个特异性Na /Ca2 交换抑制剂。     

SELECTIVITY OF DIFFERENT CALCIUM ANTAGONISTS ON T- AND L-TYPE CALCIUM CURRENTS IN GUINEA-PIG VENTRICULAR MYOCYTES

Both L- and T-type calcium channels are present in the heart. In cardiac myocytes L-type calcium channels are blocked by the classical calcium channel blockers, while T-type calcium channels are thought to be insensitive to these drugs and to be selectively blocked by mibefradil. We aimed to compare the T/L calcium channel blocking selectivity of several calcium channel blockers by evaluating their effects on both components evoked in the same cell from a holding potential corresponding to the normal physiological value (−90 mV). Currents were recorded in single patch-clamped guinea-pig ventricular myocytes, superfused with a Na⁺- and K⁺-free solution to abolish overlapping currents. Two dihydropyridines (amlodipine and lacidipine), verapamil diltiazem and mibefradil were tested; for each compound concentrations equieffective on L-type Ca²⁺ current were used. All calcium channel blockers, at concentrations blocking less than 30% of L-type Ca²⁺ current, inhibited a significant amount of T-type Ca²⁺ current, varying from 0.8% (diltiazem) to 28% (mibefradil). We calculated for each compound the T/L ratio. As expected, mibefradil showed the highest T selectivity; lacidipine and diltiazem resulted to be L selective. Verapamil and amlodipine were not selective. Thus, the calcium channel blockers can be differentiated on the basis of their T/L selectivity.     

未成年人心房肌细胞瞬间外向钾电流和内向整流钾电流的特性

AIM: To study the properties of transient outward K+ current (Ito) and inward rectifier K+ current (IKl) in immature human heart. METHODS: Ito and IKl were recorded using whole-cell patch-clamp technique in atrial myocytes isolated from 12 immature (aged from 6 months to 5 a) human hearts. RESULTS: Ito was voltage-dependent, activated and inactivated rapidly. The IC50 (95% confidence limits) of 4-AP on Ito was 0.64 (0.48-0.87) mmol.L-1. 4-AP 1 mmol.L-1 shifted V1/2 of activation from (6.6 +/- 2.0) mV to (19.8 +/- 3.0) mV (n = 4-10, P < 0.01). 4-AP 0.3 mmol.L-1 changed V1/2 of inactivation from (-49 +/- 4) mV to (-61.4 +/- 2.1) mV (n = 3, P < 0.01), but there were no obvious influence on voltage-dependent activation of Ito (P > 0.05). At the same concentration, the recovery time constant (tau value) was prolonged from (108 +/- 16) ms to (220 +/- 67) ms (n = 3-12, P < 0.01). IKl was also voltage-dependent. Its reverse potential was -40 mV. CONCLUSION: Both Ito and IKl are important K+ channel currents in immature human atrial myocytes. 4-AP can affect the inactivation and recovery of Ito at low concentration (0.3 mmol.L-1) and affect its activation at high concentration (1 mmol.L-1).     

Electrophysiological safety of sibutramine HCl

Sibutramine is known to induce cardiovascular side effects such as tachycardia, vasodilation, and hypertension. The present study was aimed to examine the effects of sibutramine on action potential of guinea pig papillary muscle, recombinant hERG currents (IhERG), and inward currents (INa and ICa) of rat ventricular myocytes. Sibutramine at 30 mug/mL induced a shortening of action potential duration (APD) of guinea pig papillary muscle; on average, APD30 and APD90 were shortened by 23% and 17% at a stimulation rate of 1 Hz, respectively. Sibutramine suppressed the following currents: IhERG (IC50:2.408 +/- 0.5117 microg/mL), L-type Ca current (IC50:2.709 +/- 0.4701 microg/mL), and Na current (IC50:7.718 +/- 1.7368 microg/mL). Sibutramine blocked IhERG, ICa, and INa in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, sibutramine exerted a shortening effect on APD in guinea pig papillary muscle through its more powerful blocking effects on ICa and INa rather than IhERG.     

Effect of phosphorylation on L-type calcium current in ventricular myocytes dialysed with proteolytic enzymes

1. L-Type Ca2+ channels play important roles in cardiac excitation and conduction. The present study used the whole-cell patch-clamp technique to investigate properties of Ca2+ channels in guinea-pig isolated ventricular myocytes. The effects of internal application of the proteolytic enzymes trypsin and carboxypeptidase (CBP) on the whole-cell L-type Ca2+ current (ICa) were determined. When the effects of the enzymes on ICa had reached steady state, the effects of isoprenaline (ISP) or 2,3-butane-dione monoxime (BDM), which increase and decrease channel phosphorylation, respectively, were examined. The effects of these agents were compared with those observed in the absence of enzyme pretreatment. 2. The amplitude and inactivation characteristics of ICa during depolarizing voltage-clamp commands to +10 mV (0.1 Hz) were determined at 37 degrees C. 3. Trypsin and CBP (both at concentrations of 1 mg/mL in the pipette solution) increased the amplitude of ICa 4.2- and 2.8-fold, respectively, and each enzyme increased the time constant of the slowly inactivating current by 50%. 4. Trypsin decreased the potential at which ICa was half maximally activated from (mean +/- SD) -1.4 +/- 2.2 mV (n = 9) to -11.3 +/- 2.5 mV (n = 7). Although CBP increased ICa amplitude, it did not shift the half-maximal activation voltage. Maximum conductance was increased 5.3-fold by trypsin and 2.2-fold by CBP. 5. Isoprenaline (1 mumol/L) had no effects in myocytes dialysed with trypsin, but significantly increased the current in myocytes dialysed with CBP by 8%. 6. At 12 mmol/L, BDM had no effect on current amplitude in the presence of trypsin, but decreased the time constant of slow inactivation to control values. After dialysis with CBP, BDM significantly decreased the maximum current by 11% and also decreased the rate of slow inactivation towards control values. 7. These data suggest that trypsin and CBP may have digested a part of the calcium channel that normally restricts current flow, but to different extents. The enzymes interacted with BDM and ISP in a fashion suggesting that two sites may influence the amplitude of the current and at least two other sites may influence the time course of the slowly inactivating current.