利用生物粘附技术提高萘哌地尔的生物利用度(英文)

以HPMC、CP为粘附材料,通过单因素和正交实验设计筛选处方,制备萘哌地尔胶囊、生物粘附胶囊I和生物粘附胶囊II。 测定比较两种生物粘附性胶囊与大鼠离体胃肠组织的粘附力。以自身对照方式单剂量分别给予家犬三种胶囊200 mg,测定比较三种胶囊在家犬体内的药物动力学与生物利用度。试验结果表明普通胶囊的 C_→∞, C_max 和 T_max 分别为3494.7±466.47 h·ng·mL~-1、697.48±94.22 ng·mL~-1 和1.15±0.49 h。缓释胶囊 I的C→∞, C_max 和 T_max 分别为4618.46±316.68 h·ng·mL~-1、468.59±61.25 ng·mL~-1和4.0±0.71 h. 缓释胶囊 II的这些参数分别为4746.44±317.22 h·ng·mL~-1、512.00±72.29 ng·mL~-1和4.0±0.71 h。以萘哌地尔普通胶囊为参比制剂,萘哌地尔粘附胶囊I与II的生物利用度分别为133.40±12.72% and 137.53±17.49%,两种生物粘附胶囊的药动学参数之间没有明显差异。利用生物粘附技术能明显提高萘哌地尔的生物利用度。     

硫酸沙丁胺醇缓释胶囊人体药代动力学和生物利用度

目的　研究健康受试者单剂量和多剂量口服硫酸沙丁胺醇缓释胶囊的人体生物利用度和药代动力学。方法　以英国Glaxo公司生产的硫酸沙丁胺醇控释片为参比制剂,HPLC-UV法测定20名健康男性志愿受试者按交叉试验单剂量和多剂量口服硫酸沙丁胺醇缓释胶囊和控释片后血浆中沙丁胺醇的浓度。结果　单剂量服用硫酸沙丁胺醇缓释胶囊和控释片后,二者的C_max,T_max和T_1/2均无显著性差异,缓释胶囊的相对生物利用度为99.68%±10.27%。多剂量给药达稳态时,缓释胶囊和控释片的C^ss_max,C^ss_min,波动度(DF),均无显著性差异。结论　两种制剂具有生物等效性,缓释胶囊有与控释片相似的缓释特征。     

普罗布考包合物胶囊在家犬体内的药代动力学与相对生物利用度

目的研究普罗布考包合物胶囊在家犬体内的药代动力学与相对生物利用度。方法用高效液相色谱法测定6条健康犬po 250 mg普罗布考片(制剂A)或普罗布考包合物胶囊(制剂B)后不同时间血浆中活性药物的浓度,绘制药-时曲线,计算药代动力学参数及相对生物利用度。结果制剂A和制剂B的药-时曲线符合二室模型,其T_max均为(9.3±2.1) h,C_max分别为(1.5±1.0) μg·mL^-1和(2.3±0.9) μg·mL^-1,AUC_0～240分别为(85±56) μg·h·mL^-1和(134±55) μg·h·mL^-1。以制剂A为参比,制剂B中普罗布考的相对生物利用度为(198±90)%,两种制剂的AUC_0～240有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论初步分析认为,改善普罗布考的水溶性是提高普罗布考生物利用度的关键因素之一。     

家犬单剂量和多剂量口服阿昔莫司缓释制剂的药代动力学和生物等效性研究

目的研究阿昔莫司缓释片在家犬体内单剂量和多剂量的药代动力学和生物等效性。方法测定6只家犬单剂量和多剂量口服缓释片和普通胶囊后的血药浓度。结果阿昔莫司的药-时曲线符合非隔室模型。单剂量给药后，缓释片和普通胶囊的AUC分别为(158±30)和(147±37) μg·h·mL^-1；T_max分别为(4.3±0.8)和(2.6±1.3) h；C_max分别为(29±6)和(42±10) μg·mL^-1；T_1/2分别为(2.3±0.7)和(1.60±0.10) h；MRT分别为(6.0±0.8)和(3.9±0.7) h；F_r为(108±16)%。多剂量给药后，缓释片和普通胶囊的AUC分别为(209±23)和(195±26) μg·h·mL^-1；T_max分别为(6.3±0.8)和(3.4±1.5) h；C_max分别为(27±4)和(36±5) μg·mL^-1；Cmin分别为(2.2±1.0)和(0.20±0.20) μg·mL^-1；C_av分别为(8.7±1.0)和(8.1±1.1) μg·mL^-1；FI分别为(293±73)%和(448±91)%；F_r为(114±19)%。结论单剂量实验的双单侧检验结果表明：缓释片和普通胶囊生物等效；缓释片具有良好的缓释效果。多剂量实验结果表明：缓释片和普通胶囊生物等效；缓释片的波动系数优于普通胶囊。     

复方丹参pH依赖型延迟释药微丸在家犬体内的药效动力学

目的制备复方丹参pH依赖型延迟释药微丸填充胶囊并进行家犬体内药效动力学研究。方法分别用HPMC，Eudragit L-30D-55，Eudragit L100/S100 (1∶6)包衣制备pH依赖型延迟释药微丸，测定体外释放曲线，并用血清药理学方法进行家犬体内的药效动力学研究。结果制备了复方丹参pH依赖型延迟释药微丸，体外溶出曲线呈pH依赖特征。单剂量给药后自制速释片R的药效动力学参数T_max为0.58 h，E_max为34.63%，延迟释药胶囊T1和T2的T_max分别延长至2.42和3.17 h，E_max分别降低至13.57%和14.52%，相对生物利用度分别为99.3%和133.6%。多剂量给药后自制速释片R波动度DF 7.32，延迟释药胶囊T1和T2的波动度DF 3.40和3.03。结论复方丹参pH依赖型延迟释药胶囊体外释放具有pH依赖特征，体内具有明显的延迟释药作用，多剂量达到稳态时，药效动力学波动系数低于普通片。     

两种国产格列齐特片人体生物利用度的研究

目的 比较两种格列齐特片的生物等效性。方法 用HPLC法测定血浆中格列齐特浓度,研究8名受试者口服两种国产片剂的药动学和生物利用度,并用方差分析和双单侧检验及90%可信限考察生物等效性。结果 8名受试者口服单剂量格列齐特片的药动学参数,试验品的t_max3.38±0.52h,C_max19.91±3.61μg·ml^-1,t_1/26.52±2.40h,AUC 278.86±94.74μg·h·ml^-1;对照品的t_max3.38±0.52h,C_max17.59±3.13μg·ml^-1,t_1/27.77±3.34h,AUC 300.94±87.49μg·h·ml^-1,相对生物利用度为92.46±10.47%。结论 两种片剂经统计分析,C_max的90%可信区间在79.1～99.6%,AUC的可信区间在105.8%～107.4%,这两种片剂完全生物等效。     

氯雷他定血药浓度的HPLC荧光检测法及生物等效性研究

目的建立高效液相色谱法荧光检测血浆中氯雷他定(loratadine)含量的方法,以评价氯雷他定的相对生物利用度。方法色谱柱为Alltech C₁₈,4.6 mm×150 mm;流动相为乙腈-水-冰醋酸-三乙胺(90∶100∶6∶0.15);流速为1 mL·min^-1;荧光检测器测定波长,E_x＝274 nm,E_m＝450 nm。结果HPLC测定线性范围为0.2～30 μg·L^-1,最低定量限0.2 μg·L^-1,方法回收率为96％～98％。人体生物利用度结果表明,实验片、胶囊与对照片间的AUC,t_max,C_max和t_1/2β均无显著性差异(P>0.05),两者的相对生物利用度分别为107%±17%和100%±14%。AUC和C_max经可信区间法检验生物等效。结论3种制剂生物等效。     

头孢氨苄缓释片的研制

目的:制备头孢氨苄缓释片,通过溶出度试验研究其生物利用度和药代动力学。方法:Eudragit Ⅱ和HPMC作为缓释材料制备头孢氨苄缓释片,并与日本进口头孢氨苄缓释片(Syncl SR tablets)进行了体外释放度比较。结果:本制备品与进口片溶出结果相似,经人体生物利用度研究表明,头孢氨苄缓释片比普通胶囊口服后能明显推迟达峰时间,并降低峰浓度(P<0.01),缓释片与普通胶囊的AUC_0→24之间没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。缓释片相对于普通胶囊生物利用度为(104.90±8.35)％。结论:体内和体外实验结果表明本品达到预期效果。     

氯化钾泡腾片人体相对生物利用度研究

目的　探讨内源性药物人体药代动力学及相对生物利用度研究方法。方法　18名健康志愿者按随机三交叉设计进行试验。在研究的3周期中,两周期分别po氯化钾泡腾片或氯化钾普通片剂2g,另一周期不服药作对照,用以排除非药物性钾的影响。每一周期在给药后收集0 - 2 ,2 - 4,4-6 ,6 - 8,8- 10 ,10 - 12 ,12 - 2 4,2 4- 48h尿样,测定尿钾量。用带一级吸收的一室模型拟合尿钾累积排泄量时间数据。以给药后0 - 48h尿钾累积排泄量计算生物利用度,用方差分析和双单侧t检验进行制剂的等效性分析。结果　氯化钾泡腾片的药代动力学参数为T_1/2ke=(6±5 )h ,T_1/2ka=(0.08±0.08)h ,ku=(0.09±0.04)h^-1,X_max/f=(18±8)mmol;氯化钾普通片的药代动力学参数为T_1/2ke=(8±5 )h ,T_1/2ka=(0.11±0.11)h ,k_u=(0.07±0.04)h^-1 ,X_max/f=(18±8)mmol。氯化钾泡腾片相对生物利用度F=97.5 %±15.2%。结论　氯化钾泡腾片和氯化钾普通片剂有生物等效性。     

奥美拉唑肠溶片生物利用度测定

目的 考察奥美拉唑肠溶片人体相对生物利用度及生物等效性。方法 10名健康男性志愿者,采用交叉给药方案,分别单剂量po 20mg国产奥美拉唑肠溶片和进口奥美拉唑胶囊,用高效液相色谱紫外检测法测定血浆中奥美拉唑浓度,进行人体相对生物利用度和生物等效性评价。结果 单次po 20mg国产奥美拉唑肠溶片和进口奥美拉唑胶囊后,达峰时间t_max分别为3.01±0.52h和2.62±0.76h;峰值血药浓度Cmax分别为543.5±214.9ng·ml^-1和520.9±167.8ng·ml^-1;药时曲线下面积AUC_0→∞分别为1023.0±542.5h·ng·ml^-1和1071.2±573.8h·ng·ml^-1。结论 国产奥美拉唑肠溶片的相对生物利用度为96.40%,主要参数的双单侧t检验,结果显示两种制剂为生物等效制剂。     

萘哌地尔缓释胶囊在家犬体内的药动学

目的 :研究萘哌地尔缓释胶囊在家犬体内的药动学与生物利用度。方法 :以健康家犬5只为对象 ,采用自身对照方式 ,单剂量分别给予萘哌地尔普通胶囊和缓释胶囊200mg ,血药浓度以高效液相色谱法测定。统计比较普通胶囊与缓释胶囊的生物利用度和药动学参数的差异。结果 :给药后 ,血药浓度变化符合一室模型 ,T1/2 分别为 (3 2±1 1)h、(5 9±0 8)h。普通胶囊的AUC0～∞、Cmax和Tmax 分别为 (3728 1±573 1) (ng·h)/ml、(697 5±94 2)ng/ml和 (1 2±0 59)h ;缓释胶囊的AUC0～∞、Cmax 和Tmax 分别为 (5518 3±391 1) (ng·h)/ml、(468 6±61 3)ng/ml和 (4 0±0 7)h。以普通胶囊为参比制剂 ,缓释胶囊的生物利用度为(149 8±14 4) %。结论 :萘哌地尔缓释胶囊在家犬体内表现出较好的缓释特性 ,其生物利用度明显高于普通胶囊。     

The bioequivalence study of folifer-Z: a new formulation of sustained-release iron and zinc

The bioequivalence of Folifer-Z tablets, a new sustained-release iron and zinc formulation was evaluated and compared to that of Fefol-Z capsules in 30 healthy male subjects. Each subject received a single oral dose of either product according to a randomized two-way crossover design. A washout period of 1 week was allowed after each treatment. Blood samples were obtained over a 24-h period, and iron and zinc concentrations were measured. The pharmacokinetic parameters of Folifer-Z were Cmax (103 +/- 46.2 micrograms/dl), Tmax (5.93 +/- 2.94 h) and AUC0-24 h (1937 +/- 706 micrograms/dl per h), whereas the corresponding Fefol-Z values were Cmax (109 +/- 41.5 micrograms/dl), Tmax (6.64 +/- 2.54) and AUC0-24 h (1865 +/- 699 micrograms/h per dl). Analysis of variance on log-transformed data for Cmax and AUC0-24 h revealed lack of significant differences among the two formulations. The mean relative bioavailability of AUCtest/AUCreference was 1.07 (90% confidence interval range: 99-115%) and for Cmax test/Cmax reference was 0.96 (90% confidence interval range: 88-105%). Regarding the zinc results, the pharmacokinetic parameters of Folifer-Z values were Cmax (101 +/- 20.7 micrograms/dl), Tmax (4.86 +/- 1.53 h) and AUC0-24 h (1944 +/- 202 micrograms/h per dl), while the corresponding Fefol-Z values were Cmax (102 +/- 20.7), Tmax (4.93 +/- 1.51) and AUC0-24 h (1953 +/- 200). Analysis of variance on log-transformed zinc data for Cmax, Tmax and AUC0-24 h revealed lack of significant difference among the two formulations. The mean relative bioavailability of AUCtest/AUCreference was 0.98 (90% confidence interval range; 95-101%) and for Cmax test/Cmax reference was 0.92 (90% confidence interval range: 89-96%). The results also indicate a possible inhibition of zinc absorption by iron content of both formulations. It is concluded that Folifer-Z product is bioequivalent to Fefol-Z product.     

阿德福韦酯胶囊人体生物等效性研究

目的：评价国产阿德福韦酯胶囊与进口阿德福韦酯片（贺维力）的生物等效性。方法：20位健康男性志愿者随机交叉口服单剂量受试制剂（阿德福韦酯胶囊）和参比制剂（贺维力）;用LC-MS/MS法,分别测定药物血浆浓度,DAS2.0计算药代动力学参数,评价生物等效性。结果：受试制剂和参比制剂的主要药代动力学参数,AUC0-t分别为（207.92±45.80）ng.h-1.mL-1和（221.25±54.18）ng.h-1.mL-1,AUC0-∞分别为（217.16±45.93）ng.h-1.mL-1和（230.63±53.80）ng.h-1.mL-1,Cmax分别为（17.61±3.21）ng.mL-1和（19.76±4.64）ng.mL-1,Tmax分别为（1.70±0.64）h和（1.33±0.61）h,t1/2分别为（8.10±1.12）h和（8.11±1.34）h。AUC0-t、AUC0-∞和Cmax90%可信区间分别为89.8%～99.2%、90.2%～98.9%和82.4%～98.0%;相对生物利用度为（95.1±11.9）%（以AUC0-t计）、（95.1±11.1）%（以AUC0-∞计）。结论：2种制剂具有生物等效性。     

5—单硝酸异山梨醇酯缓解胶囊在中国健康男青年的药物动力学

AIM: To compare the pharmacokinetics of domestic and imported sustained-release capsule of 5-isosorbide mononitrate (5-IM). METHODS: A single and 5-d-repeated oral doses of 5-IM 50 mg were performed on 2 groups of 20 Chinese healthy subjects (10 subjects for each group) in a randomized crossover protocol. The 5-IM in plasma were measured by gas chromatography with electron-captured detector method. Data were analyzed automatically by using a CAPP program on a PC computer. RESULTS: Fitting the 5-IM concentration-time curves to one-compartment model or following trapezoidal rule, the parameters such as Tmax, Cmax, Ke, MRT, and AUC were calculated and there were no significant differences between the two kinds of capsule. The major pharmacokinetic parameters of domestic and imported 5-IM sustained-release capsule with a 5-d multiple dose were respectively: Cmax (677 +/- 103) and (702 +/- 76) micrograms.L-1; Tmax (5.1 +/- 2.0) and (5.6 +/- 1.3) h; MRT (11.5 +/- 0.5) and (11.4 +/- 0.7) h; AUC0-infinity (12,121 +/- 1346) and (12,352 +/- 988) micrograms.h.L-1. The fraction of drug absorbed in vivo was correlated well with the percentage amount of drug released in vitro at corresponding time (P < 0.05), and the fluctuation indices on d 5 in multiple dose study were not significantly different between the two formulations (P > 0.05). The relative bioavailability of the domestic capsule for single and multiple dose were 96% +/- 11% and 98% +/- 10%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Domestic 5-IM sustained-release capsule showed bioequivalence compared with the imported capsule and provided the same nitrate-low interval in the latter part of the 24-h dosing interval.     

双氯芬酸钾胶囊人体药代动力学与相对生物利用度研究

目的 :研究双氯芬酸钾胶囊在正常人体内的药代动力学与相对生物利用度。方法 :采用HPLC法测定10名健康男性志愿者随机自身交叉单剂量口服50mg 双氯芬酸钾胶囊和进口双氯芬酸钾片后的血药浓度 ,计算两者的药代动力学参数及相对生物利用度 ,并以AUC(0～6) 、Tmax 、Cmax 为指标 ,用配对t检验法分析国产胶囊与进口片的生物等效性。结果 :国产与进口双氯芬酸钾制剂的药 -时曲线符合口服吸收一房室模型。AUC(0～6 ) 分别为 (1834 52±711 06) μg/(h·L)、(1891 19±859 08) μg/(h·L) ;Tmax 分别为 (1 15±0 77)h、(1 30±0 97)h ;Cmax 分别为 (1522 29±1063 87)ng/ml、(1508 54±892 44)ng/ml。配对t检验结果表明 ,AUC(0～6) Tmax、Cmax 均无显著性差异 (P>0 05)。结论 :国产双氯芬酸钾胶囊对进口片的相对生物利用度为 (100 80±16 59) % ,国产与进口两种双氯芬酸钾制剂具有生物等效性     

In vivo evaluation of guargum-based colon-targeted oral drug delivery systems of celecoxib in human volunteers.

The present study involved the in vivo evaluation of orally administered guar gum-based colon-targeted tablet formulations of celecoxib (colon-targeted tablet-20 or colon-targeted tablet-30) as compared with an immediate release capsule in 15 human volunteers. Blood samples were obtained at different time intervals and the plasma concentration of celecoxib was estimated by reversed phase HPLC. The immediate release capsules of celecoxib might have disintegrated very fast in GI tract and absorbed quickly from stomach and small intestine thereby producing peak plasma concentration (Cmax of 478 +/- 57 ng/ml) within 3.8 +/- 0.1 h (Tmax). Though celecoxib could be seen in plasma after oral administration of colon-targeted tablet-20 or colon-targeted tablet-30 between 1 and 2 h, low levels of drug were observed upto 8 h resulting in peak concentration (Cmax) of 78 +/- 6 ng/ml or 88 +/- 15 ng/ml at 10.5 +/- 1.9 h or 13.5 +/- 1.4 h (Tmax) respectively, whereas the immediate release capsules produced peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of 478 +/- 57 ng/ml at 3.8 +/- 0.1 h (Tmax). Colon-targeted tablets showed decreased AUC(0-infinity), Cmax and absorption rate constant, prolonged absorption time (ta), and increased t1/2 in comparison with the immediate release capsules. The results of the study indicated that the guar gum-based colon-targeted tablets of celecoxib did not release the drug significantly in stomach and small intestine, but delivered to the colon resulting in a slow absorption of the drug and making it available for local action in the colon.     

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of acyclovir sustained-release tablets in dogs.

The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of acyclovir sustained-release tablets in dogs were investigated. Blood concentrations of acyclovir were determined by RP-HPLC after a single oral dose of two kinds of acyclovir tablets given separately to 6 beagle dogs. The main pharmacokinetics parameters of the acyclovir sustained-release tablet were as follows: T1/2, Tmax and Cmax were 4.10 +/- 0.20 h, 4.05 +/- 0.54 h and 6.90 +/- 0.68 [microg x ml(-1), respectively. MRT was 9.02 +/- 0.44 h. Using acyclovir standard tablet as control, relative bioavailability of the acyclovir sustained-release tablet was 152.2 +/- 49.90%. According to the two-tailed t-test, there was a distinct difference in the data for Tmax, Cmax and AUC between acyclovir sustained-release tablets and acyclovir standard tablets, and the absorbability of acyclovir sustained-release tablets was much better than that of the acyclovir standard tablets.     

吗替麦考酚酯软胶囊的药动学及生物等效性研究

目的:研究吗替麦考酚酯软胶囊与吗替麦考酚酯胶囊在健康人体内的相对生物利用度及药动学,评价2种制剂的生物等效性。方法:采用双周期随机交叉设计,20名男性健康志愿者单剂量口服试验软胶囊或参比胶囊4粒(每粒0.25g),以高效液相色谱法测定血浆中霉酚酸(MPA)浓度。运用DAS2.0软件处理血药浓度数据和计算药动学参数,对2种制剂做出生物等效性评价。结果:受试者口服1.0g吗替麦考酚酯软胶囊试验药或参比胶囊,其AUC0→t分别为(69.95±14.13)、(66.95±19.05)μg·h·mL-1,AUC0→∞分别为(85.18±20.51)、(77.39±23.78)μg·h·mL-1,Cmax分别为(31.26±13.09)、(31.90±14.45)μg·mL-1,tmax分别为(0.875±0.358)、(0.775±0.291)h,t1/2分别为(20.342±12.546)、(18.837±11.579)h。20名健康志愿者单剂量口服吗替麦考酚酯软胶囊试验药的相对生物利用度为(109.6±26.9)%。结论:试验软胶囊与参比胶囊具有生物等效性。