马鹿茸促进表皮细胞和软骨细胞分裂的新多肽

目的　研究马鹿(Cervus elaphus Linnaeus)茸多肽的化学结构和促进细胞有丝分裂的生物活性。方法　用酸性水提取鹿茸多肽,多肽组分经过 CM-Sepharose Fast Flow 和 Sephadex G-50 柱色谱分离后,再用反相 HPLC (C₆)纯化。结果　从马鹿茸得到一个单一多肽化合物。结合激光解析电离飞行时间质谱,N-端 Edman 降解和氨基酸分析结果表明,该多肽是由32个氨基酸残基组成的直链多肽,分子量3216u,主要含缬氨酸、丙氨酸、赖氨酸和甘氨酸,无半胱氨酸,其一级结构氨基酸排列顺序为:N端-VLSAADKSNVKAAWGKVGGNAPAFGAEALLRM,与已知蛋白序列同源性远小于 50%。VAPP 促进大鼠表皮细胞(浓度0.4 - 50mg·L^-1)和家兔肋软骨(浓度10 - 50mg·L^-1)细胞增殖。结论　鹿茸多肽是具有促进细胞增殖的新多肽     

酪-D-丙-甘-苯丙-D-亮(DADL)五肽的固相合成及对免疫功能的影响

用固相多肽合成法合成了脑啡肽衍生物DADL,一种δ受体选择性激动剂。实验观察发现DADL能直接促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖,并有一定浓度依赖关系,与ConA和LPS无明显协同效应,此外DADL(l.0mg·kg^-1X6d)在体内能促进TNF-α的产生。体外高浓度时(10^-6～5Xl0^-6mol·L^-1)能促成LPS诱导的TNF-a的表达。上述结果表明,DADL与脑啡肽类似,有一定免疫调节作用。     

银杏叶提取物对低氧复氧、H2O2和谷氨酸损伤时谷氨酸引起的大鼠星形胶质细胞［Ca2+］i变化的影响

目的研究银杏叶提取物对低氧复氧、H₂O₂和L-谷氨酸损伤时谷氨酸升高大鼠星形胶质细胞［Ca²⁺］_i的影响。方法钙荧光探针Fluo-3/AM标记胞浆内游离钙离子，激光扫描共聚焦显微镜测定［Ca²⁺］_i的变化。结果 在低氧复氧、H₂O₂以及高浓度的L-谷氨酸损伤后，外源性谷氨酸（27 μmol·L^-1）均不能引起培养乳大鼠星形胶质细胞正常的［Ca²⁺］_i升高，反而使［Ca²⁺］_i分别降低(3.3±1.6)%，(81±11)%和(81±7)%；损伤前预先给予GbE（10 mg·L^-1）不能明显改善星形胶质细胞的谷氨酸反应，但预先给予GbE（100 mg·L^-1）后，27 μmol·L^-1谷氨酸可使损伤的星形胶质细胞［Ca²⁺］_i分别升高(135±98)%，(117±93)%和(89±36)%。结论低氧复氧、H₂O₂以及高浓度的L-谷氨酸均能损伤星形胶质细胞的谷氨酸反应，影响神经细胞与胶质细胞的双向交流。GbE能明显逆转不同损伤后谷氨酸诱导星形胶质细胞［Ca²⁺］_i的异常变化，使星形胶质细胞在不同损伤时能维持正常功能，该作用可能与GbE的脑保护作用有关。     

生物降解型左旋18-甲基炔诺酮微球在大鼠的药代动力学

用放射免疫法研究了左旋18-甲基炔诺酮(LNG)微球和LNG微晶在大鼠的药代动力学。大鼠单次imLNG微晶35mg·kg^-1后4.88h.血药峰值达67.66nmol·L^-1,MRT为10.16d,T_{<0.32nmol·L^-1}为41.50d;而单次imLNG微球20.4,41.1和83.3mg·kg^-1后,血药分别于6,4.67和4.33h达峰浓度15.19,33.61和38.55nmol·L^-1,MRT分别为69.23,65.12和63.25d,T_{<0.3nmol·L^-1}分别为167.81,169.73和167.23d。可见LNG微球在大鼠的MRT和T_{<0.32nmol·L^-1}分别约为LNG微晶的6.6和4.2倍,提示该微球具有明显的缓释长效作用,且初始血药峰值明显低于肌注LNG微晶。     

溴泰君(W198)在大鼠和比格狗体内的药代动力学

目的研究溴泰君(W198)在大鼠和比格狗的药代动力学。方法采用HPLC紫外检测方法测定大鼠及比格狗注射W198后血清药物浓度。结果大鼠iv W198 10,20和40 mg·kg^-1 3个剂量的T_1/2β分别为6.60,7.36和6.77 h,AUC_0-24h分别为3.797,7.371和15.192 mg·h·L^-1,V_d分别为7.14,4.33和4.13 L·kg^-1,CL分别为2.83,2.60和2.71 L·(kg·h)^-1。大鼠im W198 20 mg·kg^-1后T_1/2β为11.61 h,AUC_0-24h为4.191 mg·h·L^-1,im的生物利用度为56.9%。比格狗iv W198 5 mg·kg^-1,T_1/2β为11.72 h,AUC_0-24h为12.646 mg·h·L^-1,V_d为0.70 L·kg^-1,CL为0.46 L·(kg·h)^-1。W198与人血浆蛋白的结合率平均为78.0%。结论W198 im的T_1/2β比iv的略长,其生物利用度为56.9%。在10～40 mg·kg^-1剂量内的吸收呈现一级动力学特征。     

喹诺酮类药物对茶碱药代动力学的影响

目的探讨喹诺酮类药物对茶碱药代动力学是否存在显著影响,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法采用自身对照法,测定家兔iv 10mg·kg^-1茶碱及每天1次灌服喹诺酮类药物,连续6d,再iv 10mg·kg^-1茶碱后血浆中茶碱浓度,计算药动学参数。结果合用氟罗沙星前后茶碱在家兔体内按一室模型处理。合用前后茶碱的的药动学参数分别为,K:0.154±0.035h^-1,0.151±0.044 h^-1;T_1/2:4.70±1.12 h,4.90±1.38 h;V:0.562±0.180 L·kg^-1,0.556±0.166 L·kg^-1;AUC_0～10:93.70±32.87 mg·h·L^-1,100.20±43.11 mg·h·L^-1;AUC_0～∞:147.87±68.08 mg·h·L^-1,157.16±80.69 mg·h·L^-1;CL:0.090±0.046 L·kg^-1·h^-1,0.091±0.052 L·kg^-1·h^-1;Cmax:19.91±5.25 mg·L^-1,20.12±5.24 mg·L^-1。以上合参数均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。合用氟罗沙星后茶碱的血浆浓度有一定波动,但无统计学意义(P>0.05)。合用芦氟沙星前后茶碱在家兔体内呈一室模型。茶碱的药动学参数分别为,K:0.147±0.017 h^-1,0.148±0.018 h^-1;T_1/2:4.76±0.54 h,4.74±0.56 h;V:0.581±0.089 L·kg^-1,0.555±0.075 L·kg^-1;AUC_0～10:91.42±11.14 mg·h·L^-1,94.97±10.20mg·h·L^-1;AUC_0～∞:119.48±14.96 mg·h·L^-1,124.05±14.76 mg·h·L^-1;CL:0.085±0.011 L·kg^-1·h^-1,0.082±0.010L·kg^-1·h^-1;Cmax:18.48±2.53 mg·L^-1,19.16±2.34mg·L^-1。合用芦氟沙星前后茶碱各参数均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。合用芦氟沙星后茶碱的血浆浓度有升高趋势,但无统计学意义(P>0.05)。合用培氟沙星前后茶碱在家兔体内呈一室模型。茶碱的药动学参数分别为,K:0.150±0.038 h^-1,0.110±0.018 h^-1,P<0.01;T_1/2:4.95±1.67 h,6.69±2.01 h,P<0.01;V:0.584±0.149 L·kg^-1,0.511±0.126 L·kg^-1,P<0.05;AΜC_0～10:97.71±40.09 mg·h·L^-1,126.11±42.72 mg·h·L^-1,P<0.01;AΜC_0～∞:136.05±83.40 mg·h·L^-1,202.10±99.81 mg·h·L^-1,P<0.01;CL:0.091±0.038 L·kg^-1·h^-1,0.056±0.018 L·kg^-1·h^-1,P<0.01;Cmax:18.94±4.89 mg·L^-1,21.82±5.40 mg·L^-1,P<0.05。合用加替沙星前后茶碱在家兔体内按一室模型处理。合用前后茶碱的药动学参数分别为,K:0.147±0.035 h^-1,0.127±0.026 h^-1;T_1/2:4.89±0.98 h,5.62±1.09h;V:0.541±0.162 L·kg^-1,0.538±0.154 L·kg^-1;AΜC_0～10:97.81±29.87 mg·h·L^-1,107.27±39.54mg·h·L^-1;AΜC_0～∞:153.32±65.64 mg·h·L^-1,174.01±71.03 mg·h·L^-1;CL:0.081±0.034 mg·h·L^-1,0.074±0.033 L·kg^-1·h^-1;Cmax:20.51±5.12 mg·L^-1,20.60±5.05 mg·L^-1。合用加替沙星前后茶碱各参数除T_1/2(P<0.05)外无显著差异。结论氟罗沙星、芦氟沙星对茶碱的血药浓度及药代动学参数没有显著影响;培氟沙星对茶碱的血药浓度及药代动学参数有显著影响;加替沙星对茶碱的血药浓度及除T_1/2的药代动学参数没有显著影响。     

乙酰基蝙蝠葛苏林碱抗缺血性脑损伤作用

用细胞培养方法和大鼠脑缺血损伤模型,研究乙酰基蝙蝠葛苏林碱(O,O-acetyldaurisoline,Adau)对缺血性脑损伤的保护作用。结果表明,Adau对低钾、高钾、Bay K 8644及去甲肾上腺素所引起PC12细胞内游离钙浓度增加有抑制作用,其IC₅₀分别为4.63±0.72,0.15±0.02,93.7±17.6和10.0±1.4μmol·L^-1。Adau在整体大鼠双动脉结扎(2.5,5,10mg·kg^-1,iv)和四动脉结扎(5,10mg·kg^-1,iv)模型上,均能降低缺血脑组织脂质过氧化物含量,增加超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性。提示Adau对脑缺血损伤有明显的保护作用。     

脑5-HT1A/1B、α2受体及腺苷酸环化酶参与了胍丁胺的抗抑郁作用

为了在单胺受体及受体后腺苷酸环化酶(adenylate cyclase,AC)水平探讨胍丁胺(agmatine,AGM)抗抑郁作用的精细机制,采用小鼠悬尾实验和强迫游泳实验观察AGM抗抑郁行为改变。采用放射免疫方法测定大鼠前额皮层突触膜蛋白AC活性。结果表明,AGM(5～40 mg·kg^-1,ig)在小鼠悬尾实验和强迫游泳实验模型上均有显著抗抑郁活性。同时伍用β受体/5-HT_1A/1B受体阻断剂吲哚洛尔(pindolol, PIN, 20 mg·kg^-1, ip)、 α₂肾上腺素受体拮抗剂育亨宾(yohimbine, YOH, 5～10 mg·kg^-1, ip)或咪唑克生(idazoxan, IDA, 4 mg·kg^-1, ip)对AGM(40 mg·kg^-1, ig)的抗抑郁活性具有显著拮抗效应; 而β受体阻断剂普萘洛尔(propranolol, PRO, 5～20 mg·kg^-1, ip)或5-HT₃受体拮抗剂曲匹西隆(tropisetron, TRO, 5～40 mg·kg^-1, ip)对AGM(40 mg·kg^-1, ig)的抗抑郁活性无显著影响。AGM(0.1～6.4 μmol·L^-1)与大鼠前额皮层提取的突触膜共孵可剂量依赖地激活AC活性, 而PIN(1 μmol·L^-1)或YOH(0.25～1 μmol·L^-1)均显著拮抗AGM(6.4 μmol·L^-1)对AC的激活作用; 慢性给予大鼠AGM(10 mg·kg^-1, ig, bid)或氟西汀(fluoxetine, FLU, 10 mg·kg^-1, ig, bid) 2 w也显著增强大鼠前额皮层基础及Gpp(NH)p 预激活的AC活性。本研究表明, 调节脑内5-HT_1A/1B和α₂等受体功能, 并激活前额皮层AC可能是AGM抗抑郁活性的重要机制之一。     

香菇多糖的免疫调节作用

研究香菇多糖(LTN)的免疫调节作用。结果表明,LTN1及5mg·kg^-1·d^-1×6,ip可促进正常小鼠由ConA(2.5mg·kg^-1)刺激的脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖反应。1,5及10mg·kg^-1·d^-1×8或5,ip能分别纠正由环磷酰胺(Cy,200mg·kg^-1和80mg·kg^-1,ip)诱导的免疫亢进或低下状态。此外,LTN(1,5和10mg·kg^-1·d^-1×6,ip),促使小鼠胸腺L3T4+(Th)和Lyt2+(Ts)细胞数减少,外周脾脏L3T4+和Lyt2+细胞数增加,腹腔巨噬细胞释出肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)也明显增加。这些作用均以LTN5mg·kg^-1·d^-1作用最佳。提示LTN可能通过影响T细胞及其亚型,促进TNF活性调节机体的免疫功能。     

3种中药提取物对人真皮成纤维细胞增殖及胶原合成的影响

摘 要 目的： 探讨3种中药提取物对体外培养人真皮成纤维细胞增殖及胶原合成的影响。方法: 采用组织块法分离培养人真皮成纤维细胞,进行波形蛋白免疫组化鉴定。MTT法测定3种中药提取物作用后成纤维细胞的增殖能力,消化法检测培养液中羟脯氨酸的含量变化。结果: 培养的细胞为典型的成纤维细胞形态,波形蛋白免疫组化呈阳性;冻存前后的人真皮成纤维细胞均具有较强的增殖能力;MTT检测结果显示培养72 h后,0.312 5~5.000 0 mg·mL^-1芦荟凝胶提取物、0.156 3~2.500 0 mg·mL^-1白芨提取物、0.075 0 mg·mL^-1丹参多酚酸盐,具有明显促进人成纤维细胞增殖作用（P<0.05,P<0.01）,且培养上清液中羟脯氨酸含量高于空白对照组(P<0.01,P<0.05) 。丹参多酚酸盐对成纤维细胞增殖的影响与时间和浓度关系密切,随着培养时间延长,高浓度药物组对成纤维细胞由促进变为抑制作用。结论:芦荟、白芨、丹参提取物可通过促进人真皮成纤维细胞增殖以及羟脯氨酸等细胞外基质的分泌加速创面愈合。     

In vitro study of the effects of plaunotol on oral cell proliferation and wound healing

Plaunotol is an acyclic diterpene alcohol extracted from a medicinal plant called plau-noi, Croton stellatopilosus Ohba, and has been widely used for the treatment of gastric ulcers in Japan. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of plaunotol on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and human oral keratinocytes (HOKs). To assess the cytotoxic effect, HGFs and HOKs were treated with plaunotol. Subsequently, the morphology of cells was recorded and cells were subjected to MTT assay. To investigate cell proliferation effect, cells were treated with plaunotol and counted with a haemocytometer. To determine wound healing effect, the number of cells repopulated into the wounded areas in monolayer culture and in fibroblast-populated collagen lattice (FPCL) was measured. The results showed that 10 and 1 μg/ml (33 and 3.3 μmol/l) plaunotol induced toxicity in HGFs and HOKs, respectively. However, 0.1 μg/ml (0.33 μmol/l) plaunotol promoted HGF proliferation and wound healing in monolayer and FPCL models. In contrast, 0.1 μg/ml plaunotol could not induce HOK proliferation nor in vitro wound healing using monolayer culture, but it induced wound healing in a modified FPCL model. Our data suggested that plaunotol could promote oral cell proliferation and wound healing in vitro and may have an implication on oral wound healing.     

3D TECA hydrogel reduces cellular senescence and enhances fibroblasts migration in wound healing

This study was designed to investigate the effect of 3D TECA hydrogel on the inflammatory-induced senescence marker, and to assess the influence of the gel on the periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) migration in wound healing in vitro. PDLFs were cultured with 20 ng/ml TNF-α to induce inflammation in the presence and absence of 50 µM 3D TECA gel for 14 d. The gel effect on the senescence maker secretory associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity was measured by a histochemical staining. Chromatin condensation and DNA synthesis of the cells were assessed by 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine fluorescent staining respectively. For evaluating fibroblasts migration, scratch wound healing assay and Pro-Plus Imaging software were used. The activity of senescence marker, SA-β-gal, was positive in the samples with TNF-α-induced inflammation. SA-β-gal percentage is suppressed (>65%, P < 0.05) in the treated cells with TECA gel as compared to the non-treated cells. Chromatin foci were obvious in the non-treated samples. DNA synthesis was markedly recognized by the fluorescent staining in the treated compared to non-treated cultures. Scratch wound test indicated that the cells migration rate was significantly higher (14.9 µm²/h, P < 0.05) in the treated versus (11 µm²/h) for control PDLFs. The new formula of 3D TECA suppresses the inflammatory-mediated cellular senescence and enhanced fibroblasts proliferation and migration. Therefore, 3D TECA may be used as an adjunct to accelerate repair and healing of periodontal tissues.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定大鼠血浆中左旋黄皮酰胺及其主要代谢产物和药代动力学

目的　探讨左旋黄皮酰胺［（-）clau］及其主要代谢产物6-OH-clau在大鼠体内的药代动力学。方法　建立了RP-HPLC-UV法。固定相为Kromasil-100 C₁₈（5 μm）色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-甲醇-水（21∶16.5∶62.5), DM-9384作内标,氯仿作提取溶剂。结果　测得（-）clau的回收率为96.91%～105.74%,日内、日间RSD低于7%,最低检测浓度为24 ng.mL^-1,（-）clau和6-OH-clau分别在0.047～968 μg.mL^-1和0.049～200 μg.mL^-1,线性关系良好(γ=0.999); （-）clau和6-OH-clau血浆浓度-时间曲线符合二室开放模型,同时求得两者的药代动力学参数。结论　数据表明（-）clau在大鼠血浆中的分布、代谢转化和消除均较快。     

Effect of enoxaparin and onion extract on human skin fibroblast cell line – Therapeutic implications for the treatment of keloids

Context: Keloids and hypertrophic scars are hyperproliferative skin disorders resulting in abnormal wound healing. In the prevention and treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars, ointments containing heparin and onion extract are very popular. Their therapeutic effects, however, are still controversial and the mechanism of action is not fully understood.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of enoxaparin and dry onion extract on proliferation, apoptosis and β1 integrin expression in human fibroblasts.

Materials and methods: Fibroblast human cell lines (46 BR.1?N) were treated for 48?h with various concentrations of enoxaparin sodium (20, 100, 500?µg/mL) and/or onion [Allium cepa L. (Alliaceae)] extract (50, 250, 1000?µg/mL). The cell proliferation was evaluated by [³H]-thymidine incorporation assay. Furthermore, the expression of β1 integrin and apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry.

Results and discussion: The results demonstrate that enoxaparin and onion extract inhibited the proliferation of human fibroblasts. Almost complete inhibition of cell proliferation was achieved by enoxaparin in 500?µg/mL concentration (91.5% reduction). The onion extract at a concentration of 250?µg/mL also strongly inhibited the proliferation of cells (50.8% reduction). Depending on concentration, enoxaparin and onion extract induced apoptosis (500 and 1000?µg/mL, respectively) and, depending on concentration, downregulated the expression of β1 integrin on human fibroblasts.

Conclusion: This work points at possible mechanism of action of enoxaparin and onion extract, when administered in the treatment of patients with keloids and hypertrophic scars.     

Acemannan Stimulates Gingival Fibroblast Proliferation; Expressions of Keratinocyte Growth Factor-1, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor,and Type I Collagen; and Wound Healing

Aloe vera has long been used as a traditional medicine for inducing wound healing. Gingival fibroblasts (GFs) play an important role in oral wound healing. In this study, we investigated the effects of acemannan, a polysaccharide extracted from Aloe vera gel, on GF proliferation; keratinocyte growth factor-1 (KGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and type I collagen production; and oral wound healing in rats. [³H]-Thymidine incorporation assay and ELISA were used. Punch biopsy wounds were created at the hard palate of male Sprague Dawley rats. All treatments (normal saline; 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide; plain 1% Carbopol^®; and Carbopol^® containing 0.5%, 1%, and 2% acemannan (w/w)) were applied daily. Wounded areas and histological features were observed at day 7 after treatment. From our studies, acemannan at concentrations of 2, 4, 8, and 16 mg/ml significantly induced cell proliferation (P<0.05). Acemannan concentrations between 2 – 16 mg/ml significantly stimulated KGF-1, VEGF, and type I collagen expressions (P<0.05). Wound healing of animals receiving Carbopol^® containing 0.5% acemannan (w/w) was significantly better than that of the other groups (P<0.05). These findings suggest that acemannan plays a significant role in the oral wound healing process via the induction of fibroblast proliferation and stimulation of KGF-1, VEGF, and type I collagen expressions.     

PEG表面修饰硬脂酸脂质纳米粒的制备与体外细胞摄取

目的　研究不同分子量聚乙二醇［poly(ethylene glycol),PEG］表面修饰的硬脂酸脂质纳米粒的制备方法及体外细胞摄取的情况。方法　以亲脂端为硬脂基,亲水端为不同链长度PEG的非离子性表面活性剂,用“乳化蒸发-低温固化”的方法制备硬脂酸纳米粒。以小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞为细胞模型做体外细胞吞噬实验。结果　用Brij 78,Myrj 53和Myrj 59为表面活性剂制备了粒径分别为(162.0±67.4) nm, (50.2±28.9) nm和(326.8±195.2) nm的纳米粒。体外细胞摄取实验证明,各种纳米粒相对于硬脂酸溶液均可增加巨噬细胞对硬脂酸的摄取,其中以Myrj 59组摄取最少;在样品中加入小鼠血浆可以增加巨噬细胞对硬脂酸纳米粒的摄取。结论　用“乳化蒸发-低温固化”的方法可以制备PEG表面修饰的硬脂酸纳米粒;表面修饰PEG链的长度可以影响硬脂酸纳米粒体外细胞的摄取。     

γ-氨基丁酸对离体犬脑血管的作用

用离体犬脑血管(基底动脉)环标本,观察γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对几种不同激动剂所致最大收缩反应的舒张作用。苯福林(PE)10μmol·L^-1,5-羟色胺(5-HT)10μmol·L^-1以及25mmol·L^-1的KCl均可使脑血管静息张力增加,GABA50μmol·L^-1对以上几种激动剂所致的收缩反应均有舒张作用。对较高浓度的KCI(45mmol·L^-1)所致的收缩无影响,但对由冷刺激(未预热的营养液,28℃)引起的收缩反应有明显的舒张作用。     

大鼠肺内动脉平滑肌细胞钾通道的研究

目的　研究大鼠肺内动脉平滑肌细胞钾电流。方法　用急性酶解分离法得到单个大鼠肺内动脉平滑肌细胞,采用膜片钳全细胞记录方式研究钾通道特性。结果　将平滑肌细胞钳制在-70 mV,给予-70～50 mV的斜坡刺激,时间为600 ms。可引出一随电压逐渐增大的电流,在+50 mV时其值为359±31 pA。细胞内用CsCl取代KCl后,该电流几乎完全消失;细胞外用无钙台氏液灌流,电极内液用高浓度的EGTA时,电流可被抑制50%±1%;细胞外给予特异性钙激活钾通道阻断剂TEA和延迟整流钾通道阻断剂4-AP均可使该电流明显下降。结论　大鼠肺内动脉平滑肌细胞的钾电流主要由钙激活钾电流和延迟整流钾电流组成。     

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of unripe papaya extract in an excision wound model

Abstract

Context: Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae) fruit was shown to exhibit wound healing properties.

Objectives: We investigated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of papaya fruit phosphate-buffered saline extract (PE) during wound healing and enhancement of the potentials due to trace ions addition.

Materials and methods: Rat excision wounds were topically treated twice/day with 20?µL of PE (5?mg extract/mL), 0.5?µg Se²⁺ added PE (PES), or 100?µM Zn²⁺ added PE (PEZ). Control groups were treated with deionized water (negative) and deproteinized calf blood extract ointment (Solcoseryl®, positive). Lipid peroxidation (LPX), antioxidant, proinflammatory, and arginine metabolic enzymes were estimated in the wound excised on days 4 and 10 post wounding.

Results: PE (5?mg/mL; 9.80?±?0.33?d) and PES (PE?+?0.5?µg Se²⁺; 8.90?±?0.23?d) significantly (p?<?0.05) reduced the average time for complete wound closure compared with the negative (13.00?±?0.37?d) and positive (9.80?±?0.33?d) controls, respectively. Biochemical evaluations of LPX product (malondialdehyde), antioxidant (catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)), and pro-inflammatory (cyclooxygenase-2 and myeloperoxidase (MPO)) enzyme activities and metabolites (nitrite and urea), on days 4 and 10 post wounding, confirmed the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of PE and PES in this study.

Discussion and conclusion: Treatment of excision wounds with papaya extract, especially with the addition of selenium for 10?d, reduced inflammation associated oxidative damage apparently via cyclooxygenase specific inhibition, arginine metabolism, and up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes.