Effects of tetrathiomolybdate in a mouse model of retinal neovascularization

PURPOSE: To determine the effects of tetrathiomolybdate (TM), a copper-chelating agent, on retinal angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a mouse model of retinal neovascularization. METHODS: Postnatal day (P)7 C57BL/6N mice were exposed to 75% +/- 2% oxygen for 5 days (P7-P11) and then returned to room air for 5 days (P12-P17) to induce retinal neovascularization. Beginning on P10 or P12, mice received daily intraperitoneal injections of TM or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; control) through P17. Retinal neovascularization was examined by fluorescein dextran angiography after 5 days in room air and was quantitated histologically by counting the neovascular endothelial cell nuclei anterior to the inner limiting membrane. TM's effects on VEGF expression were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: TM-treated and control animals demonstrated comparable regions of retinal nonperfusion. Retinas from control mice at P17 contained neovascular tufts at the junction between perfused and nonperfused retina. The tufts contained numerous neovascular nuclei. Retinas from mice treated with TM beginning on P10 (2 days before returning to room air), but not P12, demonstrated a 41% reduction in neovascular cell nuclei compared with control mice (P <0.01). The P10-treated mice also demonstrated a 24% reduction of VEGF compared with control animals (P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: TM significantly inhibits retinal neovascularization and VEGF production in a mouse model of retinal neovascularization.     

Downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and integrinbeta3 by endostatin in a mouse model of retinal neovascularization

Retinal neovascularization is among the leading causes of vision impairment throughout the world. Intraocular expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an angiogenic protein, and integrins, a group of cell adhesion molecules, is closely correlated with neovascularization in such neovascular diseases. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of endostatin, a potent anti-angiogenic factor, on gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and integrinbeta3 in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. C57BL/6 mice were given intravitreous injections of 1.0 microg endostatin at P12. At P17, retinal VEGF and integrinbeta3 mRNA levels were measured by real-time quantitative PCR in the hyperoxia mice and in the endostatin-treated mice. Analysis of 12 separate experiments revealed a 3.5-fold decrease in VEGF levels between hyperoxia mice and endostatin-treated mice (p<0.01) and a 2.5-fold decrease in integrinbeta3 levels between hyperoxia mice and endostatin-treated mice (p<0.01). These data suggest that intraocular expression of VEGF and integrinbeta3 mRNA is down-regulated by endostatin, which may provide a new therapeutic approach for ocular neovascularization.     

缺氧诱导因子-1α与血管内皮生长因子在视网膜新生血管中的表达及相关性

目的:检测视网膜新生血管中缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)的表达,研究其与血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的相关性。方法:以高浓度氧诱导C57BL/6J小鼠建立视网膜新生血管模型,取对照组和给氧组幼鼠眼球作荧光素血管灌注,病理切片及免疫组织化学检测,分别观察视网膜血管的改变,视网膜新生血管内皮细胞数目及HIF-1α,VEGF蛋白的表达。结果:给氧组视网膜可见大量新生血管形成,新生血管内皮细胞核数为(23.38±1.07)个,与对照组相比差异有极显著性(P<0.01)。HIF-1α蛋白表达在神经节细胞层和突破视网膜内界膜的新生血管。VEGF蛋白表达在内核层,神经节细胞层和突破视网膜内界膜的新生血管。两者表达呈显著正相关(r=0.931,P<0.01)。结论:在视网膜新生血管形成中存在HIF-1α,VEGF的高表达,且两者表达密切相关。     

慢病毒介导sFlt-1基因转移抑制视网膜新生血管的实验研究

目的研究可溶性fms样酪氨酸激酶-1（sFlt-1）对小鼠视网膜新生血管的抑制作用。方法将54只C57/6J小鼠随机分为3组,每组18只。将其中2组小鼠于生后第7天开始置于体积分数75%氧环境中,5d后返回正常空气环境中以建立氧诱导的小鼠视网膜新生血管模型,于17d时玻璃体腔内分别注射1μLlenti-GFP和携带sFlt-1基因片段的重组慢病毒,设为模型对照组和lenti.sFlt-1组,18只正常空气环境中生长的小鼠玻璃体腔内注射1μL磷酸盐缓冲液,设为正常对照组。通过小鼠眼球连续切片苏木精-伊红染色和心脏荧光素灌注视网膜铺片法观察小鼠视网膜新生血管的变化情况,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测视网膜血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和VEGF受体-2（KDR/Flk-1）的表达变化。结果经RT-PCR扩增的靶基因片段序列与GenBank中的标准序列相吻合。感染后的人RPE细胞能够表达sFlt-1蛋白。正常对照组小鼠视网膜内界膜平整,模型对照组小鼠突破内界膜血管内皮细胞核的数目为（47.26±6.76）,而lenti.sFlt-1组为（5.21±1.93）个,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。视网膜铺片可见新生血管荧光素渗漏表现。慢病毒携带的sFlt-1基因片段转移至模型小鼠视网膜后,发现突入玻璃体腔的血管内皮细胞核数较模型对照组显著减少,并且视网膜毛细血管扩张、微血管瘤样改变、新生血管等荧光素渗漏表现亦明显减少;同时lenti.sFlt-1组VEGF的表达与模型对照组相比在视网膜神经节细胞层和内核层仍呈现强阳性染色,无明显变化,而KDR/Flk-1的阳性染色显著减少。结论慢病毒介导sFlt-1基因转移能显著抑制小鼠视网膜新生血管的发生。     

兔视网膜静脉阻塞眼视网膜新生血管组织中 血管内皮生长因子mRNA的表达

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF )在视网膜新生血管组织的发生发展中的参与机制。方法 采用氩激光直接光凝法封闭兔眼视网膜静脉建立视网膜静脉阻塞(retinal vein occlusion,RVO)模型。利用组织原位杂交法观察缺血视网膜组织及新生血管组织中VEGF mRNA的表达。结果缺血视网膜及新生血管组 织中有不同程度的VEGF mRNA表达,表达的程度以视网膜新生血管组织中最强。 VEGFmRNA 的表达部位与视网膜组织缺血的分布具有一定的对应性。结论VEGF在视网膜血管增生性病变的发生中可能具有重要的参与机制。(中华眼底病杂志,2001,17:5-7)     

精氨酸-谷氨酰胺在幼鼠早产儿视网膜病变模型中的应用(英文)

目的:观察精氨酸-谷氨酰胺(Arg-Gln)对早产儿视网膜病变动物模型视网膜新生血管的抑制作用。方法:48只7日龄的C57BL/6J新生鼠暴露在750mL/L高氧环境中5d,然后回到正常空气中建立早产儿视网膜病变的动物模型。在鼠龄12d时实验组(36只)新生鼠每天两次腹腔注射Arg-Gln(剂量分别为1.0,3.0,5.0g/kg,每组12只),连续注射5d;对照组(12只)每天两次腹腔注射PBS,连续5d。所有小鼠均于17d处死,视网膜铺片,ADP酶染色观察视网膜血管情况。HE染色,在光学显微镜下观察并计数突破视网膜内界膜的血管内皮细胞细胞核数目。Real-time RT-PCR方法测量每组视网膜VEGF mRNA水平。结果:与对照组相比,实验组以剂量依赖方式无灌注区面积和新生血管团逐渐减少;实验组中最大剂量组[5.0g/(kg·d)]突破内界膜的内皮细胞细胞核数目比对照组大约减少75%(P<0.01);实验组视网膜VEGF mRNA水平与对照组相比明显下降。结论:Arg-Gln能够有效抑制早产儿视网膜病变动物模型视网膜新生血管的生成,可能为临床提供一种预防和治疗早产儿视网膜病变安全有效的新方法。     

前部视网膜冷凝术对新生血管性青光眼患者房水中血管内皮生长因子含量的影响

目的 探讨前部视网膜冷凝术对新生血管性青光眼患者房水中血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）含量的影响以及VEGF含量的变化与虹膜新生血管之间的关系。方法对28例确诊为新生血管性青光眼患者行虹膜血管造影,确定新生血管的范围和数量后,行前部视网膜冷凝术,7～14d后经虹膜血管造影确定虹膜新生血管大部分消退后,再行小梁切除术。分别于前部视网膜冷凝术前和小梁切除术前抽取房水标本,另取30例老年性白内障患者房水标本。采用酶联免疫吸附法分别测定全部房水标本中的VEGF含量。结果小梁切除术前房水中VEGF的含量[（2．096±0．512）ng／ml]明显低于前视网膜冷凝术前房水中VEGF含量[（0．478±0．312）ng／ml],两者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。小梁切除术前房水中VEGF含量明显高于老年性白内障患者房水中VEGF的含量[（0．198±0．045）ng／ml],两者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论VEGF在虹膜新生血管的形成中可能发挥一定的作用;阻断促使虹膜产生新生血管的VEGF来源,可抑制新生血管性青光眼的发生.（中华眼科杂志．2007．43：622-625）     

氧诱导的血管增生性视网膜病变小鼠模型

目的 建立可量化的血管增生性视网膜病变小鼠模型。方法 将鼠龄为7d的C57BL/6J幼鼠17只暴露于75％氧浓度环境下饲养持续5d,然后回到正常空气中饲养;17只同龄幼鼠置于正常空气环境中饲养作为对照。ADP酶法视网膜铺片了解视网膜血管的改变;用组织切片观察并计数突破视网膜内界膜的内皮细胞核数目;视网膜组织切片用CD31进行免疫组织化学染色。结果 持续高浓度氧使幼鼠视网膜血管收缩、分支闭塞、中央部可见灌注降低,相对低氧使视网膜血管扩张、增生。组织切片可见正常对照组平均每张切片突破内界膜内皮细胞核数目<1个,给氧组平均24个/切片,两组比较差别有显著性意义(P<0.01)。给氧组视网膜组织切片经用CD31抗体处理后显示内界膜玻璃体面细胞染色阳性。结论 该模型具有可重复性强、可定量研究的优点,是进行视网膜新生血管发生机制及药物干预的合适模型。     

Combretastatin A-4 phosphate suppresses development and induces regression of choroidal neovascularization

PURPOSE: Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) is a naturally occurring agent that binds tubulin and causes necrosis and shrinkage of tumors by damaging their blood vessels. In this study the effect of a CA-4 prodrug, combretastatin A-4-phosphate (CA-4-P), was tested in two models of ocular neovascularization. METHODS: The effect of CA-4-P was quantitatively assessed in transgenic mice with overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the retina (rho/VEGF mice) and mice with choroidal neovascularization (CNV) due to laser-induced rupture of Bruch's membrane. RESULTS: In rho/VEGF mice, daily intraperitoneal injections of 4.0 mg/kg CA-4-P starting at postnatal day (P)7, the time of onset of transgene expression, resulted in a significant reduction in the number of neovascular lesions and total area of neovascularization per retina at P21, compared with vehicle-injected mice. In mice with laser-induced rupture of Bruch's membrane, daily intraperitoneal injections of 75 or 100 mg/kg CA-4-P resulted in a significant reduction in the area of CNV at rupture sites compared with vehicle-injected mice. In mice with established CNV, daily intraperitoneal injections of 100 mg/kg CA-4-P for 1 week resulted in a significant reduction in CNV area at rupture sites compared with the baseline area before treatment or the area of CNV in vehicle-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that CA-4-P suppresses the development of VEGF-induced neovascularization in the retina and both blocks development and promotes regression of CNV. Therefore, CA-4-P shows potential for both prevention and treatment of ocular neovascularization.     

氧诱导视网膜病变鼠模型血管内皮 生长因子mRNA的表达

目的分析氧诱导视网膜病变动物模型血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）基因的调节规律，阐明早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）新生血管形成的可能机制。方法将36只7 d 龄C₅₇BL/6J幼鼠暴露在（75±2）% 浓度的高氧状态下5 d，随后在正常氧环境下5 d，作为氧诱导模型组；另24只同日龄幼鼠作为正常对照组。采用荧光素血管灌注及视网膜铺片法观察视网膜血管形态；半定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RP-PCR)观察各组VEGF mRNA的变化。结果氧诱导模型的视网膜血管形态特征为高氧状态下表层和深层血管的中心区出现无灌注，相对低氧状态下2 d后开始出现新生血管，其部位在中周部。RF-PCR结果显示，VEGF的表达与眼内新生血管的发生存在明确的时空对应关系，即高氧状态下，VEGF mRNA转录下降，相对低氧状态下，VEGF mRNA过度转录。结论缺氧是视网膜新生血管发生的主要原因；高氧之后的相对低氧使VEGF表达增加，可能会降低ROP新生血管的发生。(中华眼底病杂志,2005,21:292-295)     

MMP-2和VEGF在视网膜新生血管中的表达及意义

目的探讨基质金属蛋白酶-2（MMP-2）和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在视网膜新生血管中的表达及意义。方法取C57BL/6J小鼠60只,随机分为高氧组和正常组,各30只。以高浓度氧诱导小鼠建立视网膜新生血管模型。采用ADP酶视网膜铺片、苏木精-伊红染色及免疫组织化学法分别观察视网膜血管的改变、计数视网膜新生血管内皮细胞数并检测MMP-2、VEGF蛋白的表达。结果高氧组视网膜可见大量新生血管形成;突破视网膜内界膜的新生血管内皮细胞核数为（33.51±2.55）个,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（t=9.345,P〈0.05）。高氧组与对照组比较,MMP-2、VEGF蛋白在神经节细胞层、内丛状层、内核层和突破视网膜内界膜的新生血管中高表达,且二者表达呈正相关（r=0.825,P〈0.05）。结论MMP-2、VEGF共同促进视网膜新生血管的形成,且二者可能具有协同作用。     

夜间光照对氧诱导的视网膜病变小鼠视网膜新生血管形成的影响

背景 氧诱导的视网膜新生血管形成是多种视网膜血管性疾病的病理学基础,预防视网膜新生血管的形成可缓解视网膜病变对视网膜的损害程度.研究表明夜间睡眠时给予光照可能对早期糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)患者有利,但其对早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)患者视网膜新生血管有无影响报道较少.目的 观察夜间光照对氧诱导视网膜病变(OIR)小鼠视网膜新生血管形成的影响.方法 将64只SPF级新生C57BL/6J小鼠按随机数字表法随机分为正常对照组、单纯夜间光照组、OIR模型组、OIR联合夜间光照组,每组16只小鼠.正常对照组和单纯夜间光照组小鼠生长于正常空气(氧体积分数21％);OIR模型组和OIR模型联合夜间光照组小鼠于出生后第7天置于高氧环境(75％±2％)生长,出生第12天调整氧体积分数为正常;OIR联合夜间光照组和单纯夜间光照组于出生后第12～17天给予夜间光照,光照度为100 Ix.各组小鼠均于出生后第17天摘除眼球,采用ADP酶法制备视网膜铺片,了解视网膜血管的改变情况;视网膜组织切片行苏木精-伊红染色并计数突破视网膜内界膜的新生血管内皮细胞核数;免疫组织化学法观察各组小鼠视网膜中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达,实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)法检测各组视网膜中VEGFmRNA的表达.实验动物的使用和喂养遵循ARVO声明.结果 正常对照组和单纯夜间光照组小鼠视网膜血管形态均无明显差异.OIR模型组视网膜铺片显示视网膜中央部大片无血管区,大量结构异常的新生血管形成.与OIR模型组相比,OIR模型联合夜间光照组视网膜中央无血管区面积以及新生血管分布密度减少.在实验后第17天时,正常对照组和单纯夜间光照组视网膜新生血管内皮细胞核数分别为(0.97±0.83)个和(1.00±0.72)个,OIR模型组为(38.57±5.01)个,而OIR联合夜间光照组小鼠视网膜新生血管内皮细胞核数为(16.92±3.39)个,总体差异有统计学意义(F=78.767,P=0.000),OIR联合夜间光照组视网膜新生血管内皮细胞核数明显少于OIR模型组,差异有统计学意义(t=20.446,P＜0.01).免疫组织化学法检测显示OIR模型联合夜间光照组中VEGF蛋白表达明显少于OIR模型组.正常对照组、单纯夜间光照组、OIR模型组和OIR联合夜间光照组小鼠视网膜VEGF mRNA相对表达量分别为1.00±0.00、0.94±0.07、2.08±0.50和1.43±0.21,各组间的总体差异有统计学意义(F=11.268,P=0.003),OIR模型联合夜间光照组表达较OIR模型组下调,差异有统计学意义(t=20.163,P＜0.05).结论 夜间光照可减少OIR小鼠视网膜新生血管的形成.     

Efficacy of intravitreal captopril on oxygen-induced retinopathy in mice

AIM: To study the inhibitory effect of intravitreal captopril on oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) in mice. METHODS: Eighty postnatal day (P)7 C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into treated group and control group with forty mice in each group. The mice were exposed to 75% ± 2% oxygen for 5 days (P7-P11) and then returned to room air for 5 days (P12-P17) to induce retinal neovascularization (RNV). Beginning on P12, the mice in treated group received daily intravitreal injections of captopril (3.0mL/kg), while those in control group received daily intravitreal injections of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (3.0mL/kg) through P17. After anesthetized at P17, one eye was chosen randomly as experimental eye and were enucleated. RNV was examined by Adenosine diphosphate-ase (ADPase) stained retina flat-mounts and was quantitated histologically by counting the neovascular endothelial cell nuclei anterior to inner limiting membrane (ILM). The expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: Comparing with control group, more regular distributions, better branch and reduced density of RNV were observed in eyes of treated group. The number of neovascular cell nuclei was less in treated group than that in control group (t=6.135, P<0.01). Stain of MMP-2 and VEGF was weaker in treated group than that in control group. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that captopril can significantly inhibit RNV in OIR mice.     

Tenomodulin抑制氧诱导视网膜病变小鼠模型新生血管形成的研究

目的探讨Tenoinodulin（TeM）蛋白对C57BL／6J小鼠早产儿视网膜病变模型（ROP）视网膜新生血管形成的抑制作用。方法将60只7d龄C57BL／6J幼鼠随机分为高氧组（ROP组）、正常对照组各15只和TeM组30只。将ROP组小鼠置于体积分数（75％±2％）的高氧环境中5d,随后回到正常氧环境中饲养5d;对照组小鼠饲养在正常氧环境中;TeM组是将鼠1只眼玻璃体腔内注射1μg TeM,对侧眼注射PBS作为对照,然后置于体积分数（75％±2％）的高氧环境中饲养5d,之后返回正常氧环境中。17d时处死全部小鼠,收集各组眼球。视网膜荧光素灌注铺片观察视网膜血管的改变、计算视网膜无灌注区的面积;计数突破内界膜的内皮细胞数反映视网膜血管增生情况,观察TeM蛋白对视网膜新生血管形成的抑制作用及对视网膜可能的毒性反应;Western blot检测TeM蛋白在视网膜内的表达。结果与高氧组（2．94±0．55）mm^2。及TeM组中对侧眼注射PBS（2．83±0．46）mm^2的视网膜铺片中央非灌注区面积（mm^2）相比,注射TeM的视网膜铺片（0．44±0．26）mm^2,其中央非灌注区面积差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;每个视网膜切面突破内界膜的内皮细胞核数（10．57±2．95）与前二者（44．93±6．78、41．07±7．31）比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。注射TeM的视网膜冰冻切片未见炎症反应和细胞毒性破坏。Western blot检测结果显示注射TeM的视网膜呈阳性表达,注射PBS的视网膜未出现条带反应,TeM的相对分子质量约为16000。结论TeM可有效抑制视网膜新生血管的形成,预示着TeM在预防和治疗眼部新生血管方面具有潜在的作用。     

小鼠视网膜新生血管模型的建立及特征

目的:建立可靠稳定的视网膜新生血管动物模型,为今后探究视网膜新生血管疾病的发生机制和治疗方法奠定模型基础。方法:将24只新生C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为正常组和模型组,每组各12只。将模型组小鼠于生后第7d置于750mL/L氧浓度环境,生后第12d返回正常空气中;正常组小鼠始终置于正常空气环境喂养。至小鼠生后第17d进行心脏荧光素灌注造影视网膜铺片以及眼球连续切片苏木精-伊红(H-E)染色,观测视网膜新生血管生成情况。结果:模型组小鼠心脏荧光素灌注造影结果显示视网膜中央区域呈无灌注缺血,另外视网膜血管有迂曲扩张、荧光渗漏等异常表现。眼球连续切片发现模型组小鼠突出视网膜内界膜的血管内皮细胞核数为48.65±6.24个/片/眼,而正常组小鼠平均为0.38±0.21个/片/眼,两组比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:氧诱导的视网膜缺血模型可成功诱导小鼠产生视网膜新生血管,可作为探究视网膜新生血管疾病发生机制和治疗方法的可靠动物模型。     

Expressions of survivin and vascular endothelial growth factor in a Murine model of proliferative retinopathy

AIM: To examine the expression of survivin and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) during the development of retinal neovascularization (NV) in a mouse model. METHODS: A well-characterized murine model of retinal NV was used to study the expression of survivin and VEGF. NV of the retina was induced in mice by exposure to 75% O2 from postnatal day P7 to P12, followed by return to room air from P12 to P17. Expression of survivin and VEGF protein was analyzed by Immunohistochemistry. In addition, mouse model of proliferative retinopathy was analyzed by retinal fluorescein angiography and quantification analysis. RESULTS: The normal mice had both superfiekal and deep vascular layers that extended from the optic nerve to the periphery. In intraocular pressure(IOP) mice were characterized by represent a typical pattern of pathological retinal NV. There are less or little nuclei of new vessels vascular endothelial cell breaking through the inner retinal than in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) mice, large clusters of blood vessels were adherent to the internal limiting membrane(ILM) (0.27±0.20 vs 23.38±1.027, t=9.454, P<0.001). During the angiogenic period from P13 to P17, survivin and VEGF protein expression increased in experimental retinas compared with control samples(2.56±0.46 vs 3.34±0.40, t=17.43, P<0.01: 2.18±0.75 vs 4.34±0.25, t=19.61, P<0.01). Protein levels of VEGF and survivn has significantly positive correlation (P<0.05, r=0.411). CONCLUSION: Correlation was made at the protein levels of survivin expression compared with that of VEGF in a murine model of retinal NV, which suggests a temporal role for survivin and VEGF in new vessel formation in response to hypoxic stimulation.     

Expressions of survivin and vascular endothelial growth factor in a Murine model of proliferative retinopathy

AIM: To examine the expression of survivin and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) during the development of retinal neovascularization (NV) in a mouse model. METHODS: A well-characterized murine model of retinal NV was used to study the expression of survivin and VEGF. NV of the retina was induced in mice by exposure to 75% O2 from postnatal day P7 to P12, followed by return to room air from P12 to P17. Expression of survivin and VEGF protein was analyzed by Immunohistochemistry. In addition, mouse model of proliferative retinopathy was analyzed by retinal fluorescein angiography and quantification analysis. RESULTS: The normal mice had both superfiekal and deep vascular layers that extended from the optic nerve to the periphery. In intraocular pressure(IOP) mice were characterized by represent a typical pattern of pathological retinal NV. There are less or little nuclei of new vessels vascular endothelial cell breaking through the inner retinal than in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) mice, large clusters of blood vessels were adherent to the internal limiting membrane(ILM) (0.27±0.20 vs 23.38±1.027, t=9.454, P<0.001). During the angiogenic period from P13 to P17, survivin and VEGF protein expression increased in experimental retinas compared with control samples(2.56±0.46 vs 3.34±0.40, t=17.43, P<0.01: 2.18±0.75 vs 4.34±0.25, t=19.61, P<0.01). Protein levels of VEGF and survivn has significantly positive correlation (P<0.05, r=0.411). CONCLUSION: Correlation was made at the protein levels of survivin expression compared with that of VEGF in a murine model of retinal NV, which suggests a temporal role for survivin and VEGF in new vessel formation in response to hypoxic stimulation.     

靶向血管内皮生长因子的RNA干扰抑制氧诱导视网膜病变小鼠视网膜新生血管生成的研究

目的探讨玻璃体腔注射靶向血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的RNA干扰慢病毒抑制氧诱导视网膜病变（OIR）小鼠视网膜新生血管生成的作用及其机制。方法实验研究。构建4对针对靶基冈小鼠VEGF的siRNA干扰载体,筛选并进行慢病毒包装。60只C57Bif6J小鼠分成4组（每组15只）：正常对照组．OIR模型组,OIR＋空载体组,OIR＋VEGF-RNA干扰组。OIR＋空载体组和OIR＋VEGF-RNA干扰慢病毒组的小鼠在生后第5天玻璃体腔注射相应的1μ1的7.5×10^7空载体慢病毒和VEGF-RNA干扰慢病毒。后3组小鼠在生后第7天建立OIR模型。第17天时FITC-Dextran灌注视网膜铺片观察4组小鼠视网膜血管形态及面积变化,视网膜铺片免疫荧光染色检测紧密连接蛋白Claudin-5和Occludin的分布变化．Westernblot检测VEGF、磷酸肌醇3激酶（P13K）、酪氨酸蛋白激酶SRC、磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶（P-ERK）蛋白表达量的变化。数据采用单因素方差分析进行比较。结果FITC-Dextran灌注视网膜铺片显示正常组视网膜血管分布呈均匀网状;RNA干扰组新生血管面积（0．271399mm^2）明显较OIR模型组（1.212782mm^2）、空载体组（1．152504mm^2）少（F=449．924,P〈0．01）。OIR模型组和空载体组间差异无统计学意义,其余两两间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。视网膜铺片免疫荧光染色显示紧密连接蛋白Claudin-5和Occludin在RNA干扰组中与正常组相似,呈均匀光滑线性分布,而在OIR模型组、空载体组的分布中断、不均匀,在新生血管团中可见团块状的强荧光;VEGF的RNA干扰组中VEGF、P13K、酪氨酸蛋白激酶SRC和p-ERK的蛋白表达量较OIR模型和空载体组低。结论玻璃体腔注射靶向VEGF的RNA干扰慢病毒能有效抑制OIR小鼠模型中VEGF及其下游通路蛋白的表达．从而抑制视网膜新生血管的形成．为临床上早产儿视网膜病变的防治提供了新思路和新途径。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ和血管内皮生长因子在视网膜新生血管中的表达及意义

目的:探讨血管紧张素II(angiotensin II,Ang II)和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)在视网膜新生血管发生发展中的作用。方法:随机对照实验研究。选取7d龄C57BL/6J新生小鼠40只,随机分为2组:正常对照组和高氧模型组,每组20只,高氧模型组建立氧诱导视网膜病变模型。采用荧光素血管灌注视网膜铺片观察视网膜血管形态学改变;制作视网膜组织切片并进行HE染色计数突破视网膜内界膜的血管内皮细胞核数;采用Western blot检测视网膜Ang II和VEGF蛋白的表达。采用独立样本t检验和Pearson相关分析进行统计学分析,以P<0.05作为差异具有统计学意义。结果:荧光素血管灌注视网膜铺片:高氧模型组较正常对照组可见大量新生血管丛,伴明显荧光渗漏。突破视网膜内界膜的血管内皮细胞核数:高氧模型组(43.23±2.57)个较正常对照组(1.37±0.93)个明显增多,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.00)。视网膜Ang II蛋白表达水平:高氧模型组(0.365±0.004)较正常对照组(0.035±0.003)明显上调,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.00)。视网膜VEGF蛋白表达水平:高氧模型组(0.372±0.004)较正常对照组(0.049±0.007)明显上调,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.00)。结论:Ang II促血管生成的作用与VEGF存在明确的联系,Ang II通过上调VEGF参与视网膜新生血管的形成。