粘固剂对桩核烤瓷全冠修复后抗折强度的影响

目的探讨树脂粘结系统对前牙桩核烤瓷全冠抗折强度是否具有增强作用。方法40个新鲜拔除大小一致的上颌中切牙,随机分成4组,每组10个,分别用钛合金预成桩和铸造桩核修复,同一种桩及烤瓷全冠分别用树脂粘结系统和玻璃离子粘固剂粘固。经温度循环疲劳试验,用万能力学试验机,测试抗折强度,并观测折裂型。结果钛合金预成桩树脂粘结组抗折强度为499.82±168.90N,玻璃离子粘固剂组为388.98±125.22N;铸造桩核树脂粘结组抗折强度为412.55±99.29N,玻璃离子粘固剂组为337.41±121.18N。可再修复折裂型标本比例分别为40%、20%和20%、30%。统计学分析表明,两种桩核冠修复树脂粘结组的抗折强度及可再修复折裂型标本比例与玻璃离子粘固剂组均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论树脂粘结系统对金属桩烤瓷全冠修复的前牙抗折强度无显著的增强作用,有待进一步研究。     

三种方式修复严重缺损的上颌中切牙抗折性能研究

目的：比较三种方式修复严重缺损的上颌中切牙的抗折性能,探讨保存残根残冠更合理的修复方式。方法：36颗上颌中切牙随机分为3组,根管治疗后平齐唇侧釉牙本质界垂直与牙体长轴截冠。分别行铸造镍铬合金桩核、铸造镍铬合金桩树脂核及玻璃纤维桩树脂核＋金属全冠修复。在万能测试机进行力学测试,记录最大载荷和断裂模式。结果：3组的抗折强度分别为292.06±155.51N、439.89±89.55N和284.98±133.56N,铸造镍铬合金桩树脂核组明显高于另外2组,差异具有统计学意义。铸造镍铬合金桩均导致牙根垂直折裂,玻璃纤维桩10颗桩折,2颗桩折合并唇侧颈1/3折裂。结论：无箍作用时应充分利用树脂与牙体的粘结作用,高强度的铸造镍铬合金桩较玻璃纤维桩能更好地抵抗外力,结合高强度的树脂核强度更大。     

不同桩核系统修复上颌前磨牙双根管的抗折力研究

目的 比较不同桩核系统修复上颌前磨牙双根管的抗折强度.方法 将36颗因正畸拔除的上颌第一前磨牙,沿釉牙本质界冠方2mm水平切除牙冠,常规根管治疗后随机分为A、B、C三组,A组给予铸造镍铬合金桩核+金属全冠;B组给予MACROLOCKT石英纤维桩+树脂核+金属全冠,C组给予TENAX玻璃纤维桩+树脂核+金属全冠修复.应用力学试验机进行抗力性检测,记录试件破坏时施力的大小,观察试件破坏的形式及部位.结果 A组、B组、C组的离体牙桩核冠修复后牙体折断时的最大载荷分别为(1059.11±123.54)N、(1075.17±64.37)N、(1341.81 ±128.11)N.三组抗折强度两两比较,没有显著性差异(P＞0.05).A组不可复性折断明显多于B组和C组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),B组与C组的抗折强度、破坏性折断例数比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 采用不同桩核系统修复上颌前磨牙双根管的抗折强度无明显差异.玻璃纤维桩与石英纤维桩极大降低了根折率,有利于此类根管的保留和再修复.     

不同材料修复喇叭型根管口的实验观察

目的观察不同材料修复喇叭型根管口后的抗折裂强度和破坏模式。方法将15颗离体上颌中切牙截除牙冠后进行常规根管治疗,形成喇叭型根管口,然后随机分为A、B、C组,分别用镍铬合金铸造桩核、预成玻璃纤维树脂桩核和可塑性纤维增强树脂桩核修复。在压力测试机上对试件进行抗折裂强度测试,并记录破坏模式。结果3组试件修复后的抗折裂强度无统计学差异（P＞0.05）,但破坏模式不同,其中A组铸造桩核试件主要表现为根折和粘接剂与牙体分离,B组预成玻璃纤维树脂桩核试件主要表现为桩与粘接剂分离,C组可塑性纤维增强树脂桩核试件主要表现为粘接剂与牙体组织分离。结论纤维树脂类修复材料修复喇叭型根管口有利于残根的保存和再次修复。     

三种桩核系统修复后离体牙抗疲劳性实验

目的 比较3种不同桩核系统修复的离体牙抗疲劳性差异.方法 30颗离体上颌中切牙,去除牙冠后用镍铬合金金属铸造桩核＋金属烤瓷冠修复（以下简称金属桩组）,进行疲劳实验和抗折实验;同时与平滑型和螺纹型石英纤维桩＋树脂核＋金属烤瓷冠修复的离体牙（以下简称平滑桩组和螺纹桩组）进行比较,记录显微镜下的牙根破损情况和牙冠折断时最大力值.结果 金属桩组、平滑桩组和螺纹桩组牙根的破损率分别为100％、60％和90％.金属桩组牙根破损率较其它2组差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.金属桩组、平滑桩组和螺纹桩组牙根的折断力分别为136.22±41.26 N、133.77±33.12 N和169.44±47.14 N,3组间无显著性差异（P＞0.05）.结论 纤维桩较金属桩能够降低牙根破损率,但3种桩修复离体牙抗折力之间没有明显差异.     

复合树脂高强纤维桩核冠抗折性的实验研究

目的 探讨复合树脂高强纤维桩核冠的抗折性能,并与其他两种桩核冠的抗折性能进行比较.方法 收集30颗近期拔除的前磨牙,随机分为A、B、C3组,每组10颗牙.A组:复合树脂高强纤维桩核冠;B组:预成纤维桩核冠;C组:铸造镍铬桩核冠.常规根管治疗,桩道预备,铸造全冠修复.试件行5000次冷热循环和24万次循环加载,对完成循环加载的试件再行静态加载,至试件发生折裂,记录试件破坏时的载荷和折裂模式.结果 所有试件经过冷热循环和循环加载完好无折裂.试件破坏时载荷(N)为,A组:1100.5±351.9;B组:1182.0±226.1;C组:1539.7±445.8.A、B2组所有试件的折裂模式均为可再修复式折裂;C组中6个试件为可再修复式折裂,4个为不可再修复式折裂.结论 复合树脂高强纤维桩核冠的抗折强度和折裂模式与预成纤维桩核冠相近,折裂模式优于铸造桩核冠.     

不同方法修复薄弱根管的疲劳抗折性能比较

目的 比较根管重塑后纤维桩核系统及传统铸造桩核修复薄弱根管前磨牙的疲劳抗折性能.方法 将16颗实验牙截冠后制备成薄弱根管,随机分为2组,A组根管重塑+预成纤维桩+树脂核修复;B组传统铸造桩核修复.所有样本全冠修复并进行5000次冷热水循环及30万次循环加载,再以3mm/min的速度静加载至折裂发生,记录2组试件折裂发生时的加载强度、折裂模式.结果 抗折载荷分别为A组1.79±0.26KN和B组2.35±0.22KN,差异有统计学意义.A组多见可再修复性折裂,B组多见破坏性折裂.结论 在本实验条件下,根管重塑后纤维桩核系统修复薄弱根管的疲劳抗折强度不及传统铸造桩核修复,但其折裂模式更有利于牙根的保护.     

不同直径预成氧化锆桩和纤维桩修复的抗折性比较

目的观察不同直径预成氧化锆桩和纤维桩与核树脂桩核冠修复上颌中切牙的抗折力。方法 24颗完整上中切牙根管充填后随机分为4组,分别采用直径1.5mm、1.35mm预成氧化锆桩和直径1.5mm、1.375mm预成纤维桩与核树脂加Ni-Cr合金铸造冠修复。对所有样本进行抗折实验,并对其断裂模式进行观察和分析。结果直径1.5mm、1.35mm预成氧化锆桩组抗折力为508.5±143.3N和434.9±141.7N,大于直径1.5mm、1.375mm的预成纤维桩组抗折力(292.2±54.5N,238.5±79.1N),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。预成氧化锆桩组样本的损坏模式为桩的断裂或合并根颈部的损伤,根颈部的损伤中50%为破坏性牙折;预成纤维桩组样本的损坏模式为桩的弯曲,根颈部的损伤中83.3%为可修复性牙折。结论预成氧化锆桩与核树脂桩核冠修复上颌中切牙可承受较高的载荷,预成纤维桩对预防破坏性根折有利。     

可塑纤维桩修复对根管治疗牙抗折强度的影响

目的比较不同桩修复离体牙对修复体整体抗折强度的影响。方法将32颗上颌前磨牙行根管治疗并从唇侧釉牙骨质界上2 mm处截断后随机分为4组,A组采用镍铬金属铸造桩核加铸造冠修复,B组采用Tenax FiberWhite纤维桩、树脂核加铸造冠修复,C组采用EverStick可塑纤维桩单根（直径1.5 mm）、树脂核加铸造冠修复,D组采用EverStick可塑纤维桩双根（直径1.5 mm和1.2 mm）、树脂核加铸造冠修复。所有离体牙均由自凝树脂包埋,电子万能试验机加载头与牙体长轴成45°,以1 mm/min的加载速度加载直至试件任何部分折裂,记录读数并观察修复体折裂模式。结果A、B、C、D组间修复体的整体抗折强度差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。各纤维桩组牙体折裂位置较铸造桩更接近牙颈部。结论尽管可塑纤维桩自身的弯曲强度较低,但是修复离体牙后整体抗折强度较高,可以满足临床要求。各纤维桩组折裂模式较铸造桩组更有利于修复体失败后的再修复。     

2种桩核修复无箍效应的上颌前牙缺损疗效观察

目的 探讨成品金属螺纹桩树脂核和纤维桩树脂核修复无箍效应的上颌前牙缺损的临床疗效.方法 剩余牙体组织轴壁高度小于2 mm的上颌前牙162颗,随机分为2组,螺纹桩组81颗,行成品金属螺纹桩树脂核修复,纤维桩组81颗,纤维桩树脂核修复,2组均采用氧化锆全瓷冠修复,临床随访10 ～ 26个月,观察是否出现牙根折裂及折裂模式.结果 螺纹桩组中,没有发生修复体水平折裂,4颗发生斜行折裂;纤维桩组中,10颗发生修复体水平折裂,1颗斜行折裂.2组的水平折裂率差异有统计学意义(x2=4.38,P＜0.05),斜行折裂率差异无统计学意义(x2 =3.12,P＞0.05).结论 在无箍效应的情况下,纤维桩树脂核修复上颌前牙缺损比螺纹桩树脂核修复更容易出现水平折裂.     

Fracture resistance of crowned incisors with different post systems and luting agents

This study evaluated the fracture resistance of crown-restored incisors with different post-and-core systems and luting cements. Fifty intact maxillary central incisors were randomly assigned to five groups of 10 teeth each. Group 1 was restored with fibre posts (Snowpost) luted with an adhesive composite resin cement (Panavia F). Group 2 was restored with titanium alloy posts (Parapost) luted with the resin cement, and Group 3 with titanium alloy posts and a glass-ionomer cement (Fuji I). Composite cores (Clearfil Photocore) were built up in groups 1, 2 and 3. Group 4 was restored with cast post-and-cores luted with the resin cement, and group 5 with the cast post-and-cores and the glass-ionomer-cement served as a control group. All teeth were restored with metal-ceramic crowns. After thermal stressing, the specimen was then secured in a universal testing machine. Fracture loads and modes were recorded. One-way ANOVA and a Tukey test were used to determine significant differences between the failure loads of groups. Chi-square test was conducted for evaluation of the fracture modes. The fracture loads of groups 1 and 2 were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Group 1 had a significantly higher number of repairable fractures than the other four groups (P<0.001). Within the limitations of this study, the results suggest that fibre posts can be recommended as an alternative to cast and prefabricated metallic posts. Composite resin cement cannot significantly improve fracture resistance of metallic post and crown-restored incisors.     

不同修复方法对邻[牙合]缺损的下颌前磨牙根管治疗术后抗折性能影响的研究

目的：比较不同修复方法对邻[牙合]缺损的下颌前磨牙根管治疗术后抗折强度的影响。方法：将50颗离体下颌前磨牙随机分为A、B、C、D、E五组,每组10颗。A组（对照组）：完整离体牙,不做任何处理。其它四组（实验组）样本牙经根管治疗并制备邻骀缺损。B组：光固化树脂直接充填;C组：树脂充填＋铸造全冠修复;D组：铸造桩核＋铸造全冠修复;E组：纤维桩树脂核＋铸造全冠修复。所有样本牙在电子万能试验机上以与牙体长轴成30°角、lmm／min速度加载直至样本折裂,记录样本折裂时的载荷数值与折裂模式,对数据进行统计分析。结果：A、B、C、D、E组的折裂载荷分别为（952．93±102．03）、（383．97±46．31）、（733．51±54．94）、（604．76±123．73）和（893．44±87．08）N。五组之间两两比较,只有A、E两组之间差异无统计学意义,其余差异均有统计学意义;A、B、C、D、E组产生不可修复性折裂（根折位于包埋树脂平面以下）的样本数分别为0、2、1、9、3,其中D组牙体的折裂模式与其它三组差异均存在统计学意义,剩余三组间两两比较差异无统计学意义。结论：纤维桩树脂核联合全冠修复可作为邻[牙合]缺损的前磨牙根管治疗术后的优选修复方式。     

桩和根管重塑材料对薄壁牙体抗折性能的影响

目的:探讨如何选择合适直径的桩和根管重塑材料,使薄壁根管获得更好的抗折性能。方法:选择90颗完整的上颌中切牙,完成根管治疗后,截冠分为9组。其中,4组进行常规桩道预备后行1.3 mm、1.6 mm镍铬合金铸造桩(A1.3和A1.6)和玻璃纤维桩(B1.3和B1.6)黏结后全冠修复,其余5组桩道扩大至根管壁为1 mm后行铸造桩核(C)和玻璃纤维桩修复,其中1.3、1.6 mm纤维桩用Rely X Unicem(D1.3和D1.6)和ParaCore(E1.3和E1.6)进行根管重塑和黏结,再用复合树脂堆核型后全冠修复,比较各组的抗折力和折裂模式。采用SPSS16.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:常规根管中,A1.3组获得最大的抗折力(610.2±45.6)N,A1.3、A1.6和B1.3、B1.6之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。薄壁根管中,C组获得最大的抗折力(584.5±121.2)N,而纤维桩经ParaCore重塑根管后可以增加牙体的抗折力[E1.3为(420.6±95.7) N,E1.6为(517.9±67.2) N],分别较D1.3和D1.6有显著差异(P<0.05),而与B1.3、B1.6无显著差异(P>0.05)。纤维桩修复的折裂模式中大部分可以重新修复,而金属桩大部分为破坏性。结论:纤维桩修复后,折裂的牙体大部分可以再次修复,1.3 mm和1.6 mm直径的桩对于牙体的抗折性无显著影响,ParaCore重塑根管可有效增强牙体的抗折性能。     

In vitro evaluation of the fracture resistance of anterior endodontically treated teeth restored with glass fiber and zircon posts

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The published information is equivocal regarding the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with fiber posts. Additionally, little is known about the biomechanical performance of glass fiber and zircon posts. PURPOSE: This in vitro study investigated the fracture resistance of anterior endodontically treated teeth prepared with a 2-mm ferrule, restored with glass fiber and zircon posts and composite resin cores or cast posts and cores. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twelve matched pairs of teeth were obtained from 4 cadavers, and all were endodontically treated and prepared with a standardized 2-mm ferrule. According to a random number table, the 2 teeth from each matched pair were randomly divided into 2 groups. The test group consisted of 12 specimens restored with a glass fiber and zircon post (Fibio) and composite resin (Durafil) core. Twelve matching specimens restored with a nickel-chromium (NiCr) cast post and core served as the control. Specimens in both groups were cemented with resin cement (Panavia F). After cementation of cast NiCr complete crowns with zinc polycarboxylate cement (ShangChi), the specimens were loaded with an incremental static force at an angle of 135 degrees to the long axis of the root until failure occurred. A paired sample t test was used to compare the fracture resistance (N) of teeth restored with the 2 post-and-core systems (alpha=.05). RESULTS: The mean failure load of paired differences between the 2 groups was -261.3+/-237.3 N. The test group exhibited significantly lower failure loads than the control group (P=.004). All specimens displayed root fractures, most of which were oblique, with cracks initiating from the palatal cervical margin and propagating in a labial-apical direction. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, the teeth restored with glass fiber and zircon posts demonstrated significantly lower failure loads than those with cast NiCr post and cores. All specimens failed via root fractures.     

Fracture strength after dynamic loading of endodontically treated teeth restored with different post-and-core systems

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Prefabricated metal and ceramic posts can be used with direct or indirect cores as an alternative to the conventional cast post and core. It is unclear how the fracture strength of zirconia posts with composite or ceramic cores and titanium posts with composite cores compares to the fracture strength of gold posts and cores after dynamic loading. PURPOSE: This study compared the fracture strength of endodontically treated, crowned maxillary incisors with limited ferrule length and different post-and-core systems after fatigue loading. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty-four caries-free, human maxillary central incisors were divided into 4 groups. After root canal treatment, Group 1 was restored with titanium posts and composite cores, Group 2 with zirconia posts and composite cores, and Group 3 with zirconia posts and heat-pressed ceramic cores. Teeth restored with cast-on gold posts and cores served as the controls (Group 4). Teeth were prepared with a circumferential shoulder including a 1 to 2 mm ferrule; all posts were cemented with an adhesive resin cement, restored with complete-coverage crowns, and exposed to 1.2 million load cycles (30 N) in a computer-controlled chewing simulator. Simultaneous thermocycling between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C was applied for 60 seconds with an intermediate pause of 12 seconds. All specimens that did not fracture during dynamic loading were loaded until fracture in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1.5 mm/min; loads were applied at an angle of 130 degrees at the incisal edge. Fracture loads (N) and modes (repairable or catastrophic) were recorded. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare fracture loads among the 4 test groups. Analyses were conducted both with and without the specimens that failed during the chewing simulation. A Fisher exact test was performed to detect group differences in fracture modes. A significance level of P<.05 was used for all comparisons. RESULTS: The following survival rates were recorded after the chewing simulation: 93.8% (Group 1), 93.8% (Group 2), 100% (Group 3), and 87.5% (Group 4). The median fracture strengths for Groups 1 to 4 were 450 N, 503 N, 521 N, and 408 N, respectively. No significant differences were detected among the groups. The use of zirconia posts resulted in a nonsignificant lower number of catastrophic root fractures. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, the results suggest that zirconia posts with ceramic cores can be recommended as an alternative to cast posts and cores. If a chairside procedure is preferred, zirconia or titanium posts with composite cores can be used. Clinical trials are required to verify these in vitro results.     

桩核直径和材料种类对根管治疗后牙齿抗折强度的影响

目的：本研究的目的为评估不同直径的铸造纯钛桩和玻璃纤维桩对根管治疗后牙齿抗折强度的影响。方法：选择50颗新近拔除的上颌中切牙,根管治疗后将样本完全随机分为5组（n=10）：A组：1．35mm铸造纯钛桩;B组：1．5mm铸造纯钛桩;C组：1．375mm预成玻璃纤维桩;D组1．5mm预成玻璃纤维桩;E组：树脂修复。采用万能材料测试机对样本的抗折强度进行测试,对实验结果进行统计分析并进行断裂模式分析。结果：5组样本的抗折强度如下：A组404．22±73．92N,B组488．17±78．68N,C组280．32±45．23N,D组317．53±50．87N,E组222．76±38．67N。其中C组与D组组问两两比较差异无统计学意义∽〉0．05）,其余各组间比较差异均有统计学意义（p〈0．05）。铸造纯钛桩主要表现为不可修复的根中或根尖损伤,而预成玻璃纤维桩主要表现为可修复的根颈部损伤或桩折。结论：铸造纯钛桩核修复上颌中切牙表现为较高的抗折强度,可承受较大载荷,而玻璃纤维桩核修复对牙根的破坏小,有利于患牙的再治疗。     

Fracture resistance of pulpless teeth restored with post-cores and crowns.

OBJECTIVES: The present study was designed to test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the fracture resistance of pulpless teeth restored with different types of post-core systems and full coverage crowns. METHODS: Extracted human upper premolars were restored with a fiber post, prefabricated metallic post or cast metallic post-core. Teeth with full crown preparations without post-core restorations served as a control. All teeth were restored with full coverage crowns. A 90-degree vertical or 45-degree oblique load was applied to the restored teeth with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min, and the fracture loads and mode of fracture were recorded. RESULTS: Under the condition of vertical loading, the fracture load of teeth restored with the cast metallic post-cores was greatest among the groups (two-factor factorial ANOVA and Scheffe's F test, P<0.05). All fractures in teeth restored with all types of post-core systems propagated in the middle portions of roots, including the apices of the posts. Under the condition of oblique loading, the fracture load of teeth restored with pre-fabricated metallic posts was significantly smaller than that in other groups. Two-thirds of fractures in the fiber post group propagated within the cervical area, while most fractures in other groups extended beyond the middle of the roots. SIGNIFICANCE: From the results of the present investigations, it was concluded that under the conditions of vertical and oblique loadings, the combination of a fiber post and composite resin core with a full cast crown is most protective of the remaining tooth structure.     

Cyclic loading of endodontically treated teeth restored with glass fibre and titanium alloy posts: fracture resistance and failure modes

The aims of this in-vitro investigation were to compare the fracture resistance and the failure modes of endodontically treated teeth restored with glass fibre-reinforced posts with those of teeth restored with titanium-alloy posts. A total of 60 single-rooted human mandibular premolars were endodontically treated. The teeth were divided into two experimental and one control group. Post spaces 9mm long were prepared in the roots of the experimental groups in which glass fibre-reinforced posts (Group A) and titanium-alloy posts (Group B) were cemented. In the control group (Group C), no post was inserted. The specimens were stored in normal saline for a period of three weeks before being intermittently loaded at an angle of 30 degrees degrees to the long axis of the tooth at a frequency of two loads of 40N per second. Log-rank test used for the overall analysis revealed that there was no significant difference of fracture resistance between teeth restored with glass fibre-reinforced posts (Group A) and titanium-alloy posts (Group B). The survival of the control group was found to be significantly inferior to that of the experimental groups. There was no significant difference in the number of failures between the two experimental groups. There was significantly more core and post failure for the glass fibre-reinforced posts, root and core failure for the titanium-alloy posts and core failure for the control group. The results suggest that post failures are more frequent in teeth restored with quartz fibre posts and root fractures are more frequent in teeth restored with titanium posts.     

Survival rate and fracture strength of endodontically treated maxillary incisors with moderate defects restored with different post-and-core systems: an in vitro study

PURPOSE: This study compares the survival rate and fracture strength of endodontically treated maxillary incisors with moderate coronal defects restored with different post-and-core systems after exposure to an artificial mouth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-four caries-free human maxillary central incisors were selected for standardized size and quality, endodontically treated, and decoronated 2 mm coronal to the cementoenamel junction. Group 1 was restored with titanium posts and composite cores, group 2 received zirconia posts and a composite core, and in group 3 zirconia posts with a heat-pressed ceramic core were used. Teeth restored with cast posts and cores served as controls. All teeth were prepared and restored with complete cast crowns. All samples were exposed to 1.2 million cycles in a computer-controlled chewing simulator with simultaneous thermocycling. In addition, the samples were loaded until fracture in a static testing device. RESULTS: The survival rates of the different groups were: 94% for titanium/composite, 63% for zirconia/composite, 100% for the all-ceramic post and core, and 94% for the cast post and core. The following mean fracture strengths were obtained: titanium/composite = 425 +/- 155 N, zirconia/composite = 202 +/- 212 N, zirconia/ceramic = 378 +/- 64 N, cast post and core = 426 +/- 178 N. The lower fracture load in the group with zirconia posts and composite cores was statistically significant. The use of zirconia posts resulted in fewer oblique root fractures. CONCLUSION: Prefabricated titanium posts with composite cores, zirconia posts with heat-pressed ceramic cores, and cast posts and cores yield comparable survival rates and fracture strengths for the restoration of crowned maxillary incisors with moderate coronal defects. Survival rates and fracture strengths for zirconia posts with composite cores are significantly lower, so this combination cannot be recommended for clinical use.     

Fracture resistance of teeth restored with 2 different post-and-core designs fixed with 2 different luting cements: an in vitro study. Part II.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate fracture resistance in teeth restored with cast posts and cores with and without ferrule and using 2 different luting cements. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Forty intact extracted maxillary premolars were endodontically treated after their crowns were removed 2 mm from the cementoenamel junction. Specimens were embedded in acrylic resin blocks, in aluminum cylinders, 2.00 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction. Twenty specimens were ferruled. Within this group, half of the posts and cores were cemented with zinc phosphate cement, while the other half were cemented with resin cement. The same procedures were followed for the nonferruled group. The posts and cores were cast in gold alloy. Specimens were placed in a universal testing machine, and loads were applied at an angle of 45 degrees and a rate of 1 mm/min until the teeth fractured. Analysis of variance and Tukey tests were used for statistical analysis; level of significance was established at 5%. RESULTS: There was no association between type of cement and cervical ferrule; ferruled specimens showed greater resistance than nonferruled ones, regardless of the cement used. CONCLUSION: A 2-mm cervical ferrule improves fracture resistance of restored teeth, but the type of luting cement used does not seem to affect resistance.