端粒酶逆转录酶和c-myc基因在肺癌中表达的研究

目的　研究端粒酶逆转录酶 (hTERT)和c myc基因在肺癌中的表达及其与端粒酶活性的关系。方法　采用端粒重复序列扩增 (TRAP)法对肺癌组织以及癌旁非癌肺组织的端粒酶活性进行测定。用原位逆转录聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)和免疫组织化学技术分别检测上述组织标本中hTERTmRNA与c myc蛋白表达。结果　端粒酶活性在肺癌组织中阳性率为 73 .2 % (3 0 /4 1) ,在癌旁非癌肺组织为 6.3 % (2 /3 2 ) ,P <0 .0 1。肺癌及癌旁非癌肺组织中hTERTmRNA阳性表达率分别为 78.0 % (3 2 /4 1)和 9.4% (3 /3 2 ) ,P <0 .0 1,c myc蛋白阳性表达率分别为 80 .5 % (3 3 /4 1)和 15 .6% (5 /3 2 ) ,P <0 .0 1。肺癌组织hTERTmRNA表达与端粒酶活性呈显著正相关 (r =0 .70 7,P <0 .0 1) ,同时c myc蛋白与hTERTmRNA表达亦呈明显正相关 (r =0 .60 9,P <0 .0 1)。 结论　hTERTmRNA表达增强不仅参与肺癌的发生 ,而且可能是调节肺癌端粒酶活性的限速步骤。c myc蛋白可能通过激活hTERTmRNA表达而促进肺癌的形成     

原发性高血压血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性与性别的关系

目的　研究血管紧张素转换酶 (ACE)基因插入 缺失 (I D)多态性与不同性别原发性高血压 (EH)的关系。方法　应用聚合酶链反应技术分析 138例原发性高血压患者及 6 0名正常对照组的ACE基因型。结果　原发性高血压组缺失纯合子 (DD)基因型及D等位基因频率显著高于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 )。且男女两性相比 ,原发性高血压组男性DD基因型频率显著高于女性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,收缩压水平亦显著高于女性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　原发性高血压与ACE基因I D多态性之间存在一种特殊的伴性关系。     

MAGE-4基因在肝细胞肝癌中的表达及临床意义

目的通过研究MAGE-4基因在肝细胞肝癌组织中的表达,并与患者临床资料进行分析,探讨 MAGE-4基因与肝细胞肝癌(HCC)患者临床指标及转移与复发的关系,为MAGE-4基因编码蛋白用于HCC患者免疫治疗提供依据. 方法用RT-PCR的方法对31例HCC患者癌组织及相应癌旁组织MAGE-4基因表达进行测定,对全部RT-PCR扩增产物中目的基因片段进行DNA测序以证实其为 MAGE-4基因,患者均测定并统计AFP、AFU、抗HCV、HBsAg、AFP mRNA、肿瘤直径等临床指标. 结果 31例HCC患者肝癌组织中MAGE-4基因表达的阳性率38.7% (12/31)明显高于癌旁组织中MAGE-4基因表达的阳性率0% (0/31),P＜0.01.HCC患者肝癌组织中MAGE-4基因表达的阳性率与患者AFP、AFU、抗HCV、HBV标志物、AFP mRNA、肿瘤直径等临床指标均无关,P＞0.05. 结论 MAGE-4基因在HCC患者肝癌组织中特异高表达,可能作为HCC患者免疫治疗攻击的靶点,HCC患者肝癌组织中 MAGE-4基因表达的阳性率与HCC患者肿瘤标志物、转移、复发均无关.     

MAGE基因在消化道肿瘤的表达

本文主要对恶性黑色素瘤抗原基因(MAGE)的结构、表达特点及其在消化道肿瘤中的临床意义作一简要综述。     

胃癌组织中幽门螺杆菌cagA和vacA的表达及与其感染的相关性

目的:研究HpyloricagA和HpylorivacA在胃癌、胃黏膜不典型增生和胃炎组织中的表达及与Hpylori感染的相关性.方法:采用Warthin-Starry嗜银染色法检测胃癌组织39例,胃黏膜不典型增生组织24例和慢性胃炎组织33例中Hpylori感染情况;PCR法检测上述标本中HpyloricagA和HpylorivacA的表达.结果:胃癌组织中Hpylori,HpyloricagA 株和HpylorivacA 株感染率显著高于慢性胃炎组织(χ2=7.00,P<0.05;χ2=15.20,P<0.05;χ2=12.43,P<0.05);胃黏膜不典型增生组织中Hpylori,HpyloricagA 株和HpylorivacA 株感染率显著高于慢性胃炎组织(χ2=6.25,P<0.05;χ2=11.04,P<0.05;χ2=11.61,P<0.05);低分化胃癌组织中Hpylori,HpyloricagA 和HpylorivacA 株感染率显著高于高中分化胃癌组织(χ2=8.19,P<0.05;χ2=13.14,P<0.05;χ2=6.62,P<0.05).慢性胃炎、不典型增生和胃癌组织中Hpylori与HpyloricagA和HpylorivacA表达均呈正相关(慢性胃炎:r=0.56,P<0.01;r=0.64,P<0.01;不典型增生组织:r=0.64,P<0.01;r=0.92,P<0.01;胃癌:r=0.90,P<0.01;r=0.95,P<0.01).结论:Hpylori感染是慢性胃炎向胃黏膜不典型增生及胃癌发展的重要启动因子,Hpylori感染可能通过诱导cagA表达促使胃黏膜上皮细胞增殖加快,诱导vacA表达促使胃黏膜上皮细胞损伤;他们的协同作用可能在胃癌发生、发展过程中发挥了重要作用.     

Expression and significance of CD44s, CD44v6, and nm23 mRNA in human cancer

AIM: To investigate the relationship between the expression levels of nm23 mRNA, CD44s, and CD44v6,and oncogenesis, development and metastasis of human gastric adenocarcinoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma,intraductal carcinoma of breast, and lung cancer.METHODS: Using tissue microarray by immuhistochemical (IHC) staining and in situ hybri-dization (ISH), we examined the expression levels of nm23mRNA, CD44s, and CD44v6 in 62 specimens of human gastric adenocarcinoma and 62 specimens of colorectal adenocarcinoma; the expression of CD44s and CD44v6in 120 specimens of intraductal carcinoma of breast and 20 specimens of normal breast tissue; the expression of nm23 mRNA in 72 specimens of human lung cancer and 23 specimens of normal tissue adjacent to cancer.RESULTS: The expression of nm23 mRNA in the tissues of gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma was not significantly different from that in the normal tissues adjacent to cancer (P＞0.05), and was not associated with the invasion of tumor and the pathology grade of adenocarcinoma (P＞0.05). However, the expression of nm23 mRNA was correlated negatively to the lymph node metastasis of gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma (r = -0.49, P＜0.01; r = -4.93, P＜0.01). The expression of CD44s in the tissues of gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma was significantly different from that in the normal tissues adjacent to cancer (P＜0.05;P＜0.01). CD44v6 was expressed in the tissues of gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma only, the expression of CD44v6 was significantly associated with the lymph node metastasis, invasion and pathological grade of the tumor (r = 0.47, P＜0.01; r = 5.04, P＜0.01). CD44sand CD44v6 were expressed in intraductal carcinoma of breast, the expression of CD44s and CD44v6 was significantly associated with lymph node metastases and invasion (P＜0.01). However, neither of them was expressed in the normal breast tissue. In addition, the expression of CD44v6 was closely related to the degree of cell differentiation of intraductal carcinoma of breast (x2= 5.68, P＜0.05). The expressional level of nm23mRNA was closely related to the degree of cell differentiation (P＜0.05) and lymph node metastasis (P＜0.01), but the expression of nm23 gene was not related to sex, age, and type of histological classification (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION: Patients with overexpression of CD44s and CD44v6 and low expression of nm23 mRNA have a higher lymph node metastatic rate and invasion. In addition, overexpression of CD44v6 is closely related to the degree of cell differentiation. Detection of the three genes is able to provide a reliable index to evaluate the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells.     

c-erbB-2 、bcl-2和p53在结直肠肿瘤中的表达及其临床意义

背景：c-erbB-2、bcl-2和突变型p53在结直肠腺瘤癌变过程中相互调节并发挥重要作用。目的：探讨结直肠肿瘤中c-erbB-2、bcl-2和D53蛋白的表达及其临床意义。方法：取42例结直肠腺癌、10例腺瘤和10例正常结直肠黏膜组织，以免疫组化方法检测其中c-erbB-2、bcl-2和p53蛋白的表达，分析其表达与腺癌临床病理特征的关系。结果：c-erbB-2、bcl-2和p53蛋白在腺癌、腺瘤和正常黏膜组织中的表达差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），bcl-2蛋白在腺癌组织中的表达低于腺瘤组织，c-erbB-2和p53蛋白在腺癌组织中的表达高于腺瘤和正常黏膜组织。c-erbB-2蛋白的表达随腺癌分化程度的降低而增高，bcl-2蛋白的表达随腺癌分化程度的降低而降低：c-erbB-2和p53蛋白的表达与淋巴结转移和Dukes分期呈正相关。腺癌组织中bcl-2与p53蛋白的表达呈负相关（rs=-0．301，P〈0．05）。结论：c-erbB-2与结直肠癌的进展、分化和转移相关。腺癌组织中p53高表达和bcl-2相对低表达提示两者可能参与了结直肠癌的发生、发展过程，bcl-2过表达可能在结直肠癌发生的早期起作用。     

maspin、p27、skp2在大肠肿瘤的表达及意义

目的:探讨大肠癌maspin、p27、skp2的表达, 并探讨其与大肠癌发生、发展的关系．方法:应用免疫组化SP法检测30例结肠管状腺癌、20例结肠腺瘤、20例正常大肠黏膜组织中maspin、p27、skp2的表达情况．结果:30例管状腺癌中maspin、p27、 skp2阳性表达率分别为83．3％(25/30)、 50％(15/30)、36．7％(11/30);20例结肠腺瘤中maspin、p27、skp2的阳性表达率分别为 95％(19/20)、80％(16/20)、10％(2/20),20例正常切缘中maspin、p27、skp2的表达率分别为 95％(19/20)、90％(18/20)、5％(1/20)．maspin 表达与淋巴结转移(P=0．04)和Duke's分期相关(P=0．014);p27、skp2表达与分化程度相关(P=0．014,P=0．001),而与淋巴结转移、 Duke's分期、肿瘤浸润深度无关．maspin表达与p27表达正相关(r=0．447,P<0.05),与skp2 表达无相关性;p27表达与skp2表达无相关性．结论:maspin、p27在大肠癌中表达降低,skp2 在大肠癌中过表达,可作为反映大肠癌分化程度的指标之一．maspin可能在大肠癌的发生、发展(尤其是淋巴结转移)中起作用,有望成为诊断大肠癌及其发生淋巴结转移的分子生物学标记物之一．     

Syndecan-1在结直肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达变化及其意义

Syndecan-1是一种由硫酸乙酰肝素链和硫酸软骨素链修饰的I型跨膜蛋白多糖，主要表达于上皮细胞表面，与肿瘤的多种生物学行为关系密切。目的：研究Syndecan-1在结直肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达，探讨其与结直肠腺瘤和腺癌发生的关系。方法：分别采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）和免疫组化染色检测56例结直肠腺瘤、42例腺癌和20例正常结肠组织中Syndecan．1mRNA和蛋白表达，并分析其与结直肠腺癌临床病理特征的关系。结果：RT-PCR和免疫组化染色结果显示Syndecan-1mRNA和蛋白在重度异型增生腺瘤和腺癌中的表达显著低于正常结肠组织和轻、中度异型增生腺瘤（P〈0．05），正常结肠组织与轻、中度异型增生腺瘤之间以及重度异型增生腺瘤与腺癌之间其表达无明显差异。Syndecan-1mRNA和蛋白表达与腺癌分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、远处转移以及TNM分期相关（P〈0．05），与性别、年龄以及是否合并结直肠腺瘤无关。结论：随着结直肠腺癌恶性程度的增加，Syndecan-1表达显著降低。Syndecan-1介导的细胞间黏附破坏在结直肠癌的致癌机制中可能起关键作用。     

Clinical significance of subcellular localization of KL-6 mucin in primary colorectal adenocarcinoma and metastatic tissues

AIM:To assess subcellular localization of KL-6 mucinand its clinicopathological significance in colorectalcarcinoma as well as metastatic lymph node and livertissues.METHODS:Colorectal carcinoma tissues as wellas metastatic lymph node and liver tissues werecollected from 82 patients who underwent colorectomyor hepatectomy.Tissues were subjected toimmunohistochemical analysis using KL-6 antibody.RESULTS:Of the 82 colorectal carcinoma patients,6showed no staining,29 showed positive staining only inthe apical membrane,and 47 showed positive stainingin the circumferential membrane and/or cytoplasm.Positive staining was not observed in non-cancerouscolorectal epithelial cells surrounding the tumor tissues.The five-year survival rate was significantly lower incases showing positive staining in the circumferentialmembrane and/or cytoplasm (63.0%) than thoseshowing positive staining only in the apical membrane(85.7%) and those showing no staining (100%).Statistical analysis between clinicopathological factorsand subcellular localization of KL-6 mucin showed thatKL-6 localization in the circumferential membrane and/or cytoplasm was significantly associated with the presenceof venous invasion (P=0.0003),lymphatic invasion(P<0.0001),lymph node metastasis(P<0.0001),liver metastasis (P=0.058),and advanced histologicalstage(P<0.0001).Positive staining was observed inall metastatic lesions tested as well as in the primarycolorectal carcinoma tissues.CONCLUSION:The subcellular staining pattern ofKL-6 in colorectal adenocarcinoma may be an importantindicator for unfavorable behaviors such as lymph nodeand liver metastasis,as well as for the prognosis ofpatients.     

High level of ezrin expression in colorectal cancer tissues is closely related to tumor malignancy

AIM： To investigate the ezrin expression in normal colorectal mucosa and colorectal cancer tissues, and study the correlation between ezrin expression in colorectal cancer tissues and tumor invasion and metastasis. METHODS： Eighty paraffin-embedded cancer tissue samples were selected from primary colorectal adenocarcinoma. Twenty-eight patients had well- differentiated, 22 had moderately differentiated and 30 had poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Forty-five patients and 35 patients had lymph node metastasis. Forty-five patients were of Dukes A to B stage, and 35 were of C to D stage. Another 22 paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of normal colorectal epithelium （〉 5 cm away from the edge of the tumor） were selected as the control group. All patients with colorectal cancer were treated surgically and diagnosed histologically, without preoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The immunohistochemistry was used to detect the ezrin expression in paraffin-embedded normal colorectal mucosa tissues and colorectal cancer tissue samples. RESULTS： Ezrin expression in colorectal cancer was significantly higher than in normal colorectal mucosa （75.00% vs 9.09%, P 〈 0.01）, and there was a close relationship between ezrin expression and the degree of tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis and Dukes stage （88.46% vs 50.00%, P 〈 0.01; 94.28% vs 51.11%, P 〈 0.01; 94.28% vs 51.11%, P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Ezrin expression is obviously higher in colorectal cancer tissues than in normal colorectal mucosa tissues, and the high level of ezrin expression is closely related to the colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis process.     

结直肠癌中PTEN的缺失表达及临床意义

目的:研究PTEN在结直肠癌中的表达及其与结直肠癌病理特征的关系．方法:应用免疫组化SP法分别检测65例癌组织和癌旁组织及13例腺瘤组织PTEN蛋白的表达．结果:PTEN主要在细胞核或细胞质中表达,在结直肠癌组织中阳性表达率显著低于癌旁组织阳性表达率(56．92% vs 86．15％,P<0．01)．中、高分化腺癌阳性表达率显著高于低、未分化腺癌阳性表达率(75．76% vs 37．50％, P<0．01)．Dukes A、B期阳性表达率显著高于Dukes C、D期阳性表达率(73．33％vs 42．86％, P<0．05)．此外,PTEN的表达与淋巴转移有关(P<0．01),而与性别、年龄、同期的肿瘤大小无关．结论:PTEN在结直肠癌组织中的表达下调,其表达水平可作为反映结直肠癌进展和预后的生物学指标之一．     

基于Oncomine及TCGA数据集分析结肠肿瘤中HMGB1基因的表达及预后价值

目的研究结肠肿瘤中高迁移率族蛋白B1基因（HMGB1）的差异表达及预后价值。 方法从Oncomine及TCGA数据集中筛选出2 191例结肠肿瘤患者HMGB1基因表达数据及临床病理数据,采用Mann-Whitney U检验比较结肠癌与腺瘤、左半结肠癌与右半结肠癌、原位癌与浸润癌、黏液性腺癌与其他病理类型结肠癌、以及发生淋巴结转移与无淋巴结转移、发生远处转移与无远处转移结肠癌组织中HMGB1基因差异表达情况,并绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线。 结果HMGB1基因在结肠癌组织和腺瘤组织中均较正常结肠组织高表达（P<0.001）,在结肠癌组织中较结肠腺瘤组织中高表达,在左半结肠癌组织中较右半结肠癌高表达（P<0.05）,在黏液性腺癌组织中较其他病理类型低表达（P<0.05）,在浸润癌组织中较原位癌高表达（P<0.001）。有淋巴结转移及远处转移者较未转移者高表达（P<0.05）。HMGB1基因高表达提示更高的5年生存率（P=0.011）,尤其对于女性结肠癌患者（P=0.006）。 结论HMGB1基因可作为判断结肠癌浸润深度、淋巴转移、远处转移及预后的标志物。     

整合素β3表达与结直肠癌淋巴结转移的相关性

目的探讨结直肠癌患者肺转移重要的血管内皮细胞标志物整合素β3（ITGB3）表达与结直肠癌转移之间的相关性。 方法采用免疫组织化学染色法检测49例原发性结直肠癌患者癌组织、癌旁正常肠黏膜组织以及相应淋巴结组织中ITGB3的表达。其中37例患者有淋巴结转移。分析ITGB3表达与患者结直肠癌转移的相关性。 结果免疫组化染色结果显示,ITGB3主要在原发性结直肠癌组织、癌旁正常肠黏膜细胞质以及相应淋巴结的间质中表达。ITGB3在不同组织的表达不同,在癌组织中的表达低于癌旁正常肠黏膜组织,且差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;有淋巴结转移患者淋巴结ITGB3表达高于无淋巴结转移患者,且差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。淋巴结上皮细胞ITGB3的表达与淋巴结间质组织的表达呈正相关（r=0.395,P=0.005）;且有淋巴结转移患者癌组织上皮细胞ITGB3表达与淋巴结上皮细胞ITGB3表达呈正相关（r=0.514,P=0.001）。ITGB3在淋巴结表达、上皮细胞表达以及间质表达均与淋巴结转移呈正相关（r=0.659,P<0.0001;r=0.661,P<0.0001;r=0.354,P=0.013）。 结论ITGB3淋巴结表达与结直肠癌淋巴结转移呈正相关。ITGB3可能是原发性结直肠癌患者淋巴结转移的潜在分子标志物。